Test Bank

Chapter 10: Critical Theories of Deviance

Multiple Choice

1. A theorist using ______ theories would primarily focus on processes that lead to the criminalization of the most marginalized and oppressed individuals in a society.

a. anomie

b. critical

c. pathological

d. labeling

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. ______ theoretical orientation argues patriarchy and capitalism are oppressive forces for women and labels of deviancy are used to control women.

a. Conflict

b. Marxist

c. Feminist

d. Labeling

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Richard Quinney, a founding theorist in ______ criminology, works to provide a holistic understanding of deviance, crime, criminology, and criminologists.

a. peacemaking

b. conflict

c. feminist

d. Marxist

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. What do all critical theories have in common?

a. They all assume that the patriarchy is the source of most inequality.

b. None of them were developed by white male researchers.

c. They all show a clear awareness of the impact the Internet has on society.

d. They all examine deviance by questioning the normative and status quo.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. ______ theory is the most recently developed critical theory discussed in the chapter.

a. Socialist feminist

b. Critical race

c. Radical feminist

d. Peacemaking

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. ______ theories seek to improve laws by examining discrimination, racial inequality, and structural processes that reproduce white supremacy.

a. Fascist

b. Peacekeeping

c. Socialist feminist

d. Critical race

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Critical Race Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. In what discipline did Critical Race Theory first take shape?

a. black feminist scholarship

b. African American Studies

c. sociology

d. legal studies

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Critical Race Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Critical race theories argue that racial ______ is routine, embedded, and accepted as legally and morally legitimate.

a. blindness

b. domination

c. sensitivity

d. language

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Critical Race Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. When Stacey first learned about critical theories, she noticed they were very similar to ______ theories because of their shared focus on how inequality influences society and how people relate to one another.

a. interactionist

b. functionalist

c. conflict

d. subcultural

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Introduction

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. The feminist perspective was the first to acknowledge the position of women in a male-dominated society and the ______.

a. way women facilitate male deviance

b. biological influence on female deviance

c. pathological nature of femininity

d. structural oppression that women experience

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which branch of feminism focuses on gender role socialization?

a. radical

b. liberal

c. socialist

d. postmodern

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Zahra considers herself a ______ feminist because her primary perspective is that both patriarchy and capitalism are oppressive forces for women.

a. radical

b. liberal

c. socialist

d. postmodern

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. What is unique about approaching homelessness through the lens of peacemaking criminology?

a. It accepts treatment of the homeless that is warlike and inhumane

b. It characterizes the homeless as immoral and more likely to be dangerous.

c. It suggest the homeless are to blame for their homelessness

d. It encourages us to approach homelessness from a place of kindness

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Which term describes the idea that to truly understand the social experience of someone, you have to consider the ways in which he, she, or they experience race, class, gender, age, sexuality, and ability?

a. multiculturalism

b. intersectionality

c. feminism

d. contextualization

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which perspective argues that the law is used to subordinate people of color?

a. critical race theory

b. postmodern feminism

c. peacemaking theory

d. radical feminism

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Development of Critical Race Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. What is a primary idea behind Critical Race Theory?

a. The war on crime is a war on those without resources.

b. The law labels women deviant for many behaviors they engage in to survive.

c. Racial domination is at the center of much of today’s legal and decision-making.

d. The ways that people experience race, class, gender, and sexuality are dysfunctional.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Development of Critical Race Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. What is unique about peacekeeping criminology when compared to other critical theories?

a. It acknowledges the central role of social constructionism in creating power.

b. It focuses primarily on intersectionality.

c. It emphasizes the impact of socialization into a dysfunctional culture.

d. It critically examines criminology and criminologists.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. What is one way that the “war” on crime is evidenced in traditional criminology?

a. the admission that there is only one way to achieve victory over crime

b. advocating punishment as the primary means to stop crime

c. suggesting that criminals are no different from the rest of society

d. using military language, such as “collateral damage”

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. According to Quinney, the us-versus-them philosophy that suggests that those who engage in crime are somehow different from the rest of society has resulted in ______.

a. increased suffering

b. lower crime victimization

c. higher incarceration rates

d. more criminals

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. What are the three primary branches of peacemaking criminology?

a. objective, subjective, and constructionist

b. cultural, normative, and reactionist

c. religious, feminist, and critical

d. liberal, radical, and socialist

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. One of the main critiques of critical theories is that they do not see the world the way other theories see the world.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Critiques of Critical Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Restorative justice focuses on retribution for the harm caused.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Global Perspectives on Deviance and Critical Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Human trafficking can include, but does not require, movement.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deviance and Disparity: Human Trafficking—Crossing Boundaries and Borders

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Many human trafficking victims initially go with their captors willingly because of promises of a better job or an escape from a hard life.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deviance and Disparity: Human Trafficking—Crossing Boundaries and Borders

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. In critical theories, deviance is defined as behavior that differs from the behavior of whites, men, and the middle and upper classes.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conclusion

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Feminist criminology suggests that patriarchal society considers the abuse of women as one of the most deviant possible acts.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. A radical feminist would focus on the sexual control of women, seeing their oppression as emerging from a social order dominated by men.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. A religiously oriented peacemaking criminologist would advocate for a way of meeting those who might engage in harm not as enemies but as members of the community who need understanding.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Feminist criminology has little interest in the politics, economics, and civil society.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Feminist scholars argue that sexual assault is not committed against men.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Compare and contrast the three areas of peacemaking criminology and how they approach the study of crime and criminals.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Development of Peacemaking

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. What are some criticisms of critical theories?

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Critiques of Critical Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Critically assess the impact of feminism on our understanding of crime and criminal justice.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Development of Feminist Criminology

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Summarize the idea of restorative justice.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Global Perspectives on Deviance and Critical Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Consider the three critical approaches to crime and deviance discussed in the text, feminist criminology, Critical Race Theory, and peacemaking criminology. Which do you prefer? Explain why in three to five sentences.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Conclusion

Difficulty Level: Hard