Exam Prep Chapter 6 Prenatal Period To 1 Year Test Questions

Chapter 6. Prenatal Period to 1 Year – Test Questions

1. A child’s inherited characteristics are determined:

2. The zygote contains genetic information from the parents. It is represented by a total of:

3. Genetic information is encoded in:

4. The nurse is reviewing the client’s prenatal history. Which of the following would be considered a teratogen?

5. A brown-eyed pregnant client asks the nurse if she could have a blue-eyed child. The nurse is correct if she responds, “The brown-eyed gene is __________, and the blue-eyed gene is __________.”

6. The correct stages of prenatal development are as follows:

7. During what stage of labor does the baby pass through the birth canal?

8. If you stroke the newborn’s cheek, you will likely elicit which reflex?

9. The caregiver understands that the Apgar scale indicates:

10. Mary gave birth 2 days ago to an 8-pound girl. She explains to the nurse that each time the baby comes out to her from the nursery, the baby is crying. She asks what she will do if this happens at home. The nurse would best respond:

11. The emotional bond between a mother and her newborn infant is called:

12. On assessment of the newborn, which of the following findings would indicate congenital hip dysplasia?

13. Meconium is best described as:

14. Emma brings her 11-month-old infant, who has symptoms of teething, to the health clinic. The nurse would consider which symptom abnormal?

15. The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse consider serious, warranting immediate reporting to the doctor?

16. The testes descend into the scrotum normally:

17. Two-day-old Samuel has been diagnosed as having physiological jaundice. His parents ask the nurse what could cause this to happen. The nurse would respond that this is caused by:

18. David weighed 7 pounds at birth, and by the fourth day, he weighed 6 pounds 3 ounces. This weight loss is due to:

19. One-year-olds are usually:

20. In the newborn, the skull bones are separated by:

21. After examination of the umbilical cord in the delivery room, the nurse considers it normal if he finds:

22. The hormone oxytocin functions during pregnancy and the postpartum period to:

23. When giving nutritional counseling to parents of an 11-month-old, you would tell them to:

24. The nurse evaluates a 1-year-old child and recognizes that which of the following is a sign of concern and should be reported to the physician?

25. The nurse should understand that the type of play important for the infant’s growth and development is play that:

26. The nurse can anticipate that by __________, the infant will demonstrate a social smile and begin making cooing sounds:

27. The mother of a 12-month-old tells the nurse that her baby does not like solid foods and only drinks milk. The nurse is correct to be concerned that the baby may be deficient in:

28. The first solid food typically offered to the infant is:

a. Scrambled eggs

b. Cooked diced poultry

c. Cooked diced vegetables

d. Single-grain cereal

29. To prevent the possibility of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse instructs new parents to:

a. Give the last feed 2 to 3 hours before bedtime

b. Place a pillow on either side of the baby to provide a stable position

c. Have the mother sleep with the child the first 6 months of life for close monitoring

d. Always put the baby to sleep on his or her back

30. A young woman’s doctor just confirmed her pregnancy. The fetus is approximately 6 weeks old. She tells the nurse she cannot sleep without a glass of red wine at night. The nurse cautions her about fetal alcohol syndrome and correctly tells her:

a. “That’s okay. One glass of wine is allowed.”

b. “Zero alcohol intake is allowed.”

c. “You must gradually decrease your alcohol intake.”

d. “By three months, you should achieve total abstinence.”

31. The advantages of encouraging a new mother to breastfeed are (select all that apply):

a. Decreasing maternal breast infection

b. Protecting the infant from infection by providing immune factors

c. Decreasing abdominal cramps postdelivery

d. Hastening uterine involution

e. Decreasing production of colostrum

32. After vaginal examination of a woman in labor, the nurse reports that effacement is present. She understands that the:

a. Cervix is rigid and closed

b. Placenta is palpable

c. Umbilical cord is pulsating

d. Cervix is shortening and thinning

33. The student nurse understands that during pregnancy, the amniotic fluid functions to (select all that apply):

a. Provide fluid to the developing fetus

b. Allow movement of the fetus

c. Provide a link between the fetus and the placenta

d. Maintain fetal body temperature

e. Act as a cushion to protect the fetus

34. Immediately after the baby is delivered, the nurse records the presence of acrocyanosis on the flow sheet. This refers to:

a. Flat, irregular, pigmented spots on the baby’s sacral area

b. Bluish discoloration of the baby’s feet and hands

c. An extra gluteal fold at the hip

d. Diaphragmatic breathing with periods of apnea

35. During pregnancy, mother and fetus are linked through a structure called the:

a. Umbilical cord

b. Blastocyst

c. Placenta

d. Pituitary gland

Chapter 6. Prenatal Period to 1 Year – Test Questions with Answers and Rationales

1. A child’s inherited characteristics are determined:

Rationale: All inherited characteristics are determined at the time of fertilization or conception.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

2. The zygote contains genetic information from the parents. It is represented by a total of:

Rationale: Each sperm and ovum contributes 23 chromosomes at the time of fertilization.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. Genetic information is encoded in:

Rationale: Genetic information is encoded in DNA.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. The nurse is reviewing the client’s prenatal history. Which of the following would be considered a teratogen?

Rationale: A teratogen is a chemical or physical substance that adversely affects the unborn.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. The brown-eyed pregnant client asks the nurse if she could have a blue-eyed child. The nurse is correct if she responds, “The brown-eyed gene is __________, and the blue-eyed gene is __________.”

Rationale: Brown-eyed genes are dominant, whereas blue-eyed genes are recessive and show only if they exist in a pair.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

6. The correct stages of prenatal development are as follows:

Rationale: The correct stages of prenatal development are pre-embryonic, embryonic, and fetal.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

7. During what stage of labor does the baby pass through the birth canal?

Rationale: The expulsion stage begins with full cervical dilation and ends with the birth of the baby.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

8. If you stroke the newborn’s cheek, you will likely elicit which reflex?

Rationale: Rooting occurs when the newborn’s cheek is gently stroked.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

9. The caregiver understands that the Apgar scale indicates:

Rationale: The Apgar scale indicates the immediate clinical functioning of the newborn.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

10. Mary gave birth 2 days ago to an 8-pound girl. She explains to the nurse that each time the baby comes out to her from the nursery, the baby is crying. She asks what she will do if this happens at home. The nurse would best respond:

Rationale: Babies have different cries for different messages.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

11. The emotional bond between a mother and her newborn infant is called:

Rationale: The newborn and mother quickly develop emotional bonds of attachment.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. On assessment of the newborn, which of the following findings would indicate congenital hip dysplasia?

Rationale: Unequal or asymmetric gluteal folds indicate congenital hip dysplasia.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

13. Meconium is best described as:

Rationale: Meconium, or first stool, is thick and green-black.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

14. Emma brings her 11-month-old infant, who has symptoms of teething, to the health clinic. The nurse would consider which symptom abnormal?

Rationale: Fever is not usually present during teething.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

15. The nurse is performing a physical assessment on a 2-day-old newborn. Which of the following findings should the nurse consider serious, warranting immediate reporting to the doctor?

Rationale: Normally, the newborn voids within 24 hours after delivery and then 10 to 12 times a day.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

16. The testes descend into the scrotum normally:

Rationale: The testes usually descend into the scrotum during the seventh month of fetal life.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

17. Two-day-old Samuel has been diagnosed as having physiological jaundice. His parents ask the nurse what could cause this to happen. The nurse would respond that this is caused by:

Rationale: Physiological jaundice is caused by the destruction of excess red blood cells, which releases bile pigments into the skin.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

18. David weighed 7 pounds at birth, and by the fourth day, he weighed 6 pounds 3 ounces. This weight loss is due to:

Rationale: The newborn’s intake is minimal during the first hours of life, but output remains the same. This causes slight weight loss.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

19. One-year-olds are usually:

Rationale: The general rule of thumb is that the newborn is expected to double his or her birth weight in 6 months and triple it in 1 year.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

20. In the newborn, the skull bones are separated by:

Rationale: The sutures are bands of connective tissue that separate the fetal skull bones. This permits the skull to mold during passage in the birth canal.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

21. After examination of the umbilical cord in the delivery room, the nurse considers it normal if he finds:

Rationale: The normal umbilical cord contains three vessels: one artery and two veins.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

22. The hormone oxytocin functions during pregnancy and the postpartum period to:

Rationale: Oxytocin helps prepare the breasts for breastfeeding and stimulates milk glands to contract and release milk.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

23. When giving nutritional counseling to parents of an 11-month-old, you would tell them to:

Rationale: By introducing only one new food at a time, any food reactions can be clearly identified.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

24. The nurse evaluates a 1-year-old child and recognizes that which of the following is a sign of concern and should be reported to the physician?

Rationale: Infants should sit with help at 6 months and sit alone by 7 months.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

25. The nurse should understand that the type of play important for the infant’s growth and development is play that:

Rationale: Infant play is solitary and should stimulate the infant’s senses and attention.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

26. The nurse can anticipate that by __________, the infant will demonstrate a social smile and begin making cooing sounds:

Rationale: Social smiles and cooing sounds appear at 4 to 6 weeks of age.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

27. The mother of a 12-month-old tells the nurse that her baby does not like solid foods and only drinks milk. The nurse is correct to be concerned that the baby may be deficient in:

Rationale: After the first 5 months, the infant’s stored iron supply begins to decrease. Milk does not contain iron; therefore, the infant’s diet must be supplemented.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Physiological Integrity

28. The first solid food typically offered to the infant is:

1. Scrambled eggs
2. Cooked diced poultry
3. Cooked diced vegetables
4. Single-grain cereal

Rationale: Single-grain cereal is offered first to avoid allergy or easily recognize the food that is not tolerated.

Nursing Process: Plan

Client Needs: Health Promotion

29. To prevent the possibility of sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS), the nurse instructs new parents to:

1. Give the last feed 2 to 3 hours before bedtime
2. Place a pillow on either side of the baby to provide a stable position
3. Have the mother sleep with the child the first 6 months of life for close monitoring
4. Always put the baby to sleep on his or her back

Rationale: The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends back sleeping to prevent SIDS.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Health Promotion

30. A young woman’s doctor just confirmed her pregnancy. The fetus is approximately 6 weeks old. She tells the nurse she cannot sleep without a glass of red wine at night. The nurse cautions her about fetal alcohol syndrome and correctly tells her:

1. “That’s okay. One glass of wine is allowed.”
2. “Zero alcohol intake is allowed.”
3. “You must gradually decrease your alcohol intake.”
4. “By three months, you should achieve total abstinence.”

Rationale: To prevent fetal abnormalities, no alcohol is recommended during pregnancy.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Health Promotion

31. The advantages of encouraging a new mother to breastfeed are (select all that apply):

1. Decreasing maternal breast infection
2. Protecting the infant from infection by providing immune factors
3. Decreasing abdominal cramps postdelivery
4. Hastening uterine involution
5. Decreasing production of colostrum

Rationale: Breastfeeding helps transfer immune factors from mother to infant and hastens involution.

Nursing Process: Implementation

Client Needs: Health Promotion

32. After vaginal examination of a woman in labor, the nurse reports that effacement is present. She understands that the:

1. Cervix is rigid and closed
2. Placenta is palpable
3. Umbilical cord is pulsating
4. Cervix is shortening and thinning

Rationale: Cervical thinning and shortening are known as effacement.

Nursing Process: Plan

Client Needs: Physiological

33. The student nurse understands that during pregnancy, the amniotic fluid functions to (select all that apply):

1. Provide fluid to the developing fetus
2. Allow movement of the fetus
3. Provide a link between the fetus and the placenta
4. Maintain fetal body temperature
5. Act as a cushion to protect the fetus

Rationale: The amniotic fluid provides fluid to the fetus, allows movement, maintains fetal body temperature, and acts as a protective cushion.

Nursing Process: Plan

Client Needs: Physiological

34. Immediately after the baby is delivered, the nurse records the presence of acrocyanosis on the flow sheet. This refers to:

1. Flat, irregular, pigmented spots on the baby’s sacral area
2. Bluish discoloration of the baby’s feet and hands
3. An extra gluteal fold at the hip
4. Diaphragmatic breathing with periods of apnea

Rationale: The term acrocyanosis refers to bluish discoloration of the extremities.

Nursing Process: Plan

Client Needs: Physiological

35. During pregnancy, mother and fetus are linked through a structure called the:

1. Umbilical cord
2. Blastocyst
3. Placenta
4. Pituitary gland

Rationale: The placenta links the fetus to the mother.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Physiological