Ch5 Complete Test Bank Theories Of Growth And Development –

Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development – Test Questions

1. Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on:

2. Which of the following describes the characteristic pattern of growth and development?

3. Maturation occurs:

4. Cephalocaudal development progresses from:

5. Personality is best defined as:

6. According to Freud, experiences that are reality-based, logical, and in one’s immediate awareness are in the:

7. According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the:

8. Freud’s psyche receives its energy from the:

9. The conscience is often referred to as the:

10. Jeremy regularly goes to the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from:

11. Which of the following describes defense mechanisms?

12. After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as:

13. An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as:

14. When a young man attempts to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away, as the tickets are all sold out. He responds by saying, “It doesn’t really matter. The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers.” The young man is probably:

15. When a young girl reached high school, she chose track as an extracurricular activity, just as her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using:

16. Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development?

17. According to Erikson, the foundation of a healthy personality is:

18. Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of:

19. The egocentric child:

20. According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take many forms in the:

21. Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others or develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow’s needs?

22. A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs?

23. In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a child’s moral reasoning begins because of a need to:

24. According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when a person is:

25. Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are:

26. Two parents are describing the process of maturation to their children. Which statement about maturation is correct?

27. Two major influences on one’s growth and development patterns are:

28. A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother’s breast. This is an example of:

29. When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill?

30. A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by wetting his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called:

31. An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting new people. What level of Maslow’s hierarchy is she struggling with?

32. Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with:

33. The nurse recognizes that, according to Freud’s theory, the 5-year-old boy who says, “When I’m bigger, I want to marry you, Mommy,” is demonstrating:

34. The neonatal nurse tells you baby Henry is going through Freud’s oral stage of psychosocial development after witnessing which behavior?

1. Crying when the mother leaves the room
2. Sucking of the thumb
3. Difficulty burping
4. Regurgitation after feeds

35. When a child develops logical thinking, she has accomplished which of the following?

1. Erickson’s autonomy stage
2. Piaget’s concrete operational stage
3. Maslow’s safety needs
4. Kohlberg’s preconventional stage

36. Four-year-old Sarah takes on her mother’s role in a play group. The health care worker understands she is demonstrating which of Freud’s theories?

1. Oedipal complex
2. Latency
3. Electra complex
4. Genital stage

37. Piaget describes a thought pattern in a child in which they believe an object like a table has feelings as:

1. Reversibility
2. Animism
3. Egocentrism
4. Object permanence

Chapter 5. Theories of Growth and Development – Test Questions With Answers and Rationales

1. Nancy, age 3, is being seen in the managed care clinic. As part of the yearly health screen, the nurse assesses her patterns of growth and development. Development is assessed based on:

Rationale: Development refers to the acquisition of skills.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

2. Which of the following describes the characteristic pattern of growth and development?

Rationale: Depending on the stage and individual, growth and development patterns generally alternate between periods of steady and periods of rapid growth and development.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

3. Maturation occurs:

Rationale: Maturation is the unfolding of skills regardless of practice or training.

Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

4. Cephalocaudal development progresses from:

Rationale: Cephalocaudal is a directional term meaning from head to toe.

Nursing Process: Assessment
Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

5. Personality is best defined as:

Rationale: Personality is the unique style of behavior that differs from one person to another.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

6. According to Freud, experiences that are reality-based, logical, and in one’s immediate awareness are in the:

Rationale: The term conscious refers to that which is in one’s immediate awareness.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

7. According to Freud, the driving force behind all human behavior is the:

Rationale: Id refers to the most primitive drives and urges that help dictate our behavior.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

8. Freud’s psyche receives its energy from the:

Rationale: According to Freud, the libido is the driving force behind most human behavior.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

9. The conscience is often referred to as the:

Rationale: The superego, or conscience, is that part of the mind that helps dictate right from wrong.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

10. Jeremy regularly goes to the mental health clinic. He has a history of personality disorder with childlike behavior. This can result from:

Rationale: Id forces are primitive, or childlike, and demand immediate gratification.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

11. Which of the following describes defense mechanisms?

Rationale: Defense mechanisms help individuals cope with the threat of anxiety or stress.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

12. After a traumatic car accident, the driver cannot remember any of the details. A common defense mechanism that could explain this is known as:

Rationale: Repression is an unconscious mechanism whereby unpleasant experiences are kept out of one’s awareness.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

13. An attempt to make up for an unconsciously perceived inadequacy by excelling at something else is known as:

Rationale: Compensation is a mental mechanism that allows the person to make up for deficiencies in one area by excelling in another.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

14. When a young man attempts to see a new movie that just opened, he is turned away, as the tickets are all sold out. He responds by saying, “It doesn’t really matter. The movie was probably overrated by the reviewers.” The young man is probably:

Rationale: Rationalization is commonly used to help save face or give an excuse.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

15. When a young girl reached high school, she chose track as an extracurricular activity, just as her older sister had done a few years earlier. The young girl is probably using:

Rationale: Identification is a mechanism by which one takes on the personality or traits of another person held in high esteem.

Nursing Process: Evaluation
Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

16. Mr. and Mrs. Banks complain to the nurse that 5-year-old Bryan is obsessive and openly exposes himself and masturbates. According to Freud, Bryan is in which stage of psychosocial development?

Rationale: Preoccupation with one’s genitals and masturbation is common during the phallic stage.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

17. According to Erikson, the foundation of a healthy personality is:

Rationale: The foundation of a healthy personality is trust.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

18. Erikson believes that 5-year-old Devon should be mastering the task of:

Rationale: Five-year-old children are highly motivated in thought and play.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

19. The egocentric child:

Rationale: Egocentrism is a preoccupation with the self.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

20. According to Piaget, a person begins to understand the principle that matter can take many forms in the:

Rationale: Abstract thoughts and concepts become more understandable during the concrete stage.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

21. Twenty-year-old Timothy is unable to bond with others or develop any meaningful relationship. Timothy would be unable to meet which of Maslow’s needs?

Rationale: A sense of belonging is fostered by relationships.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

22. A 72-year-old patient with congestive heart failure is complaining of dyspnea. He would be unable to satisfy which of the following needs?

Rationale: Physiological needs are those necessary for survival.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Safe and Effective Care Environment

23. In Kohlberg’s theory of moral development, a child’s moral reasoning begins because of a need to:

Rationale: Moral development begins with the child’s need for love and acceptance.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

24. According to Maslow, self-actualization is achieved when the person is:

Rationale: Self-actualizers are self-fulfilled and strive to achieve their full potential.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

25. Nurse Clarke is assisting with assessment at the pediatric clinic. Her correct recall of growth and development is that they are:

Rationale: Growth and development occur simultaneously and are interdependent. Without growth, new skills cannot be acquired.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

26. Two parents are describing the process of maturation to their children. Which statement about maturation is correct?

Rationale: Maturation is the unfolding of potential regardless of practice or training.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

27. Two major influences on one’s growth and development patterns are:

Rationale: Both heredity and environment have an influence on one’s growth and development patterns.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

28. A newborn infant sucks automatically on its mother’s breast. This is an example of:

Rationale: At birth, the infant first responds with reflexes.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

29. When a young child from a troubled family acts as though stress does not exist, he is using which coping skill?

Rationale: Denial is the mechanism by which unpleasant things are forced out of one’s immediate attention.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

30. A 4-year-old reacts to the birth of a baby brother by wetting his bed at night and sucking his thumb. These coping mechanisms are called:

Rationale: Regression is a defense mechanism by which the individual returns to an earlier developmental stage during stressful periods.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Health Promotion and Maintenance

31. An 84-year-old woman has just moved to an assisted living apartment. She is anxious about leaving her home and friends and meeting new people. What level of Maslow’s hierarchy is she struggling with?

Rationale: All individuals strive to have a sense of belonging.

Nursing Process: Evaluation

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

32. Gilligan is a critic of Kohlberg’s theory of moral development. One difference between males and females cited by Gilligan is that females are more concerned with:

Rationale: Gilligan believes that females develop morality differently than males, in that they are more concerned with relationships and intimacy, whereas males focus on morality and justice.

Nursing Process: Planning

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

33. The nurse recognizes that, according to Freud’s theory, the 5-year-old boy who says, “When I’m bigger, I want to marry you, Mommy,” is demonstrating:

Rationale: Oedipal complex refers to the boy’s unconscious sexual attraction to his mother.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

34. The neonatal nurse tells you baby Henry is going through Freud’s oral stage of psychosocial development after witnessing which behavior?

1. Crying when the mother leaves the room
2. Sucking of the thumb
3. Difficulty burping
4. Regurgitation after feeds

Rationale: Thumb sucking is part of the oral stage of development, when the mouth is the center of pleasure.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

35. When a child develops logical thinking, she has accomplished which of the following?

1. Erickson’s autonomy stage
2. Piaget’s concrete operational stage
3. Maslow’s safety needs
4. Kohlberg’s preconventional stage

Rationale: During the concrete operational stage, the child utilizes logical thinking.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

36. Four-year-old Sarah takes on her mother’s role in a play group. The health care worker understands she is demonstrating which of Freud’s theories?

1. Oedipal complex
2. Latency
3. Electra complex
4. Genital stage

Rationale: In the Electra complex, the child imitates the mother’s role to win the father’s attention.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity

37. Piaget describes a thought pattern in a child in which they believe an object like a table has feelings as:

1. Reversibility
2. Animism
3. Egocentrism
4. Object permanence

Rationale: In animism, inanimate objects are imbued with feelings.

Nursing Process: Assessment

Client Needs: Psychosocial Integrity