Exam Prep Chapter 10 More About Survey Research

Test Bank

Chapter 10: More About Survey Research

Multiple Choice

1. Of the following research questions, ______ is an example of a predictive research question.

a. What percentage of time do Americans feel happy?

b. Are depression and cancer recovery rates related?

c. Do ACT (or SAT) scores indicate future academic performance?

d. What types of personality characteristics are common in children who bully others?

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The development and validation of surveys are called ______.

a. psychotronics

b. psychometrics

c. questionnairing

d. psychonomics

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The ______ response scales provide response categories that respondents choose from.

a. open-ended

b. closed-ended

c. descriptive

d. predictive

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The ______ response scales allow respondents to respond to items in any way they wish.

a. open-ended

b. closed-ended

c. descriptive

d. predictive

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. A Likert scale is an example of a(n) ______ response scale.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. open-ended

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A strong, positive relationship between scores on a new survey and scores on a previously validated survey on the same topic indicates good ______.

a. criterion-related validity

b. test–retest validity

c. Cronbach’s alpha

d. social desirability

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. When individuals provide survey responses that represent them in the most positive way, even if the responses are untrue, this is ______.

a. nonresponse bias

b. coverage error

c. social desirability bias

d. testing effects

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. ______ is not a source of bias in survey data.

a. Nonresponse error

b. Coverage error

c. Social desirability bias

d. High response rate

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Cronbach’s alpha is a measure of the ______ of a survey.

a. test–retest reliability

b. internal consistency

c. testing effects

d. construct validity

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. A research question that asks what causes specific behaviors to occur is a ______ research question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. causal

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. A research question that asks if one behavior can be predicted from another behavior to allow predictions of a future behavior occurrence is a ______ research question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. causal

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. A research question that asks about the presence of behavior, how frequently it is exhibited, or whether there is a relationship between different behaviors is a ______ research question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. causal

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Both the Health and Psychosocial Instruments (HAPI) database and the Mental Measurements Yearbook are available through the ______ database.

a. EBSCO

b. SCOEB

c. COEBS

d. SBEOC

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. When a question on a survey is actually two questions in one this is called a ______ question.

a. coercive

b. duplicate

c. double-barreled

d. causal

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. “How do you feel today?” is an example of a(n) ______ question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. open-ended

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The ______ validity indicates that a survey measures the behavior it is designed to measure.

a. criterion-related

b. test–retest

c. construct

d. predictive

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. When participants choose not to complete a study, this is ______.

a. attrition/mortality

b. abrasion

c. transience

d. nonresponse error

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The ______ of scores indicates how similar scores on the different items of a survey are to one another.

a. test–retest reliability

b. internal consistency

c. testing effects

d. construct validity

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The ______ is a method of testing scores’ internal consistency that indicates if the scores are similar on different sets of questions on a survey that address similar topics.

a. test–retest reliability

b. split-half reliability

c. testing effects

d. construct validity

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The more participants in your sample who are willing to complete the survey, the lower chance there will be of ______ in your study.

a. nonresponse error

b. coverage error

c. social desirability bias

d. testing effects

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Collecting ______ responses will require a coding scheme to be developed to categorize the different types of responses made.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. open-ended

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. A sampling error that occurs when individuals chosen for the sample do not respond to the survey, biasing the sample, is ______.

a. nonresponse error

b. coverage error

c. social desirability bias

d. testing effects

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. A sampling error that occurs when the sample chosen to complete a survey does not provide a good representation of the population is ______.

a. nonresponse error

b. coverage error

c. social desirability bias

d. testing effects

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The ______ indicates that the scores on a survey will be similar when participants complete the survey more than once.

a. test–retest reliability

b. internal consistency

c. testing effects

d. construct validity

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The ______ occurs when participants are tested more than once in a study with early testing affecting later testing.

a. test–retest reliability

b. internal consistency

c. testing effects

d. construct validity

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. “How do Americans currently feel about the economy?” is an example of a ______ type of research question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. causal

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. “Can the consumer behaviors of Americans (or others) be predicted from how they currently feel about the economy?” is an example of a ______ type of research question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. causal

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. “Which of a series of treatments causes the largest reduction in depression symptoms?” is an example of a ______ type of research question.

a. predictive

b. descriptive

c. causal

d. closed-ended

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. There are two good sources for standardized questionnaires that may contain the type of survey you are looking for. One of these is called the ______.

a. HAPI

b. PAPI

c. TAPI

d. LAPI

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Creating a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. When on the surface, a study or scale appears to be intuitively valid it has ______ validity.

a. face

b. construct

c. convergent

d. predictive

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. A set of statistical techniques used to analyze responses from a survey or questionnaire to group items together by concept is called ______.

a. statistical analysis

b. item analysis

c. survey analysis

d. factor analysis

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. A ______ occur(s) when the sampling technique used is not successful in collecting a representative sample.

a. nonresponse error

b. coverage error

c. social desirability bias

d. testing effects

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. A researcher tests the ______ of a survey to determine if the survey can predict other behaviors.

a. criterion-related validity

b. test–retest validity

c. convergent validity

d. content validity

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. A method of testing scores’ internal consistency that indicates the average correlation between scores on all pairs of items on a survey is called ______.

a. internal validity

b. test–retest validity

c. Cronbach’s alpha

d. correlational average

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. One of the most expensive ways to administer a survey is ______.

a. mailings

b. emails

c. phone

d. in person

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.1: Identify advantages and disadvantages of using surveys in research studies

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Survey Administration

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. The survey question, “Do you believe that climate change is occurring and that humans are the cause?” can reduce the validity of your survey. Because ______.

a. which question is answered cannot be assessed

b. both questions are not yes/no questions

c. neither question is an opinion question

d. belief questions cannot be validated

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Questions that can bias a respondent toward a particular answer are ______ and should be ______.

a. leading questions; avoided

b double-barreled questions; limited

c. open-ended; located at the end

d. loaded; rewritten

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Medium

38. Of the following, ______ was one of Dillman’s (2000) suggested techniques to improve response rates on survey research.

a. an incentive

b. a complicated format

c. a response deadline

d. a deceptive introduction to hide the topic

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Survey Administration

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. One of the most important issues to consider in new survey design is how to

______.

a. arrange the questions to prevent bias

b. determine how many items to include in the survey

c. get the survey published

d. maximize the validity of the survey scores

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: More About Survey Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Internal consistency of scores indicates how similar scores on the different items of a survey are compared to one another.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Surveys are the least common data collection techniques used in psychological research.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.1: Identify advantages and disadvantages of using surveys in research studies

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: More About Survey Research

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Nonresponse errors are a particular type of coverage error.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Surveys can be used to answer descriptive research questions.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.1: Identify advantages and disadvantages of using surveys in research studies

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Surveys can be used to answer predictive research questions.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.1: Identify advantages and disadvantages of using surveys in research studies

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Surveys can be used to answer causal research questions.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.1: Identify advantages and disadvantages of using surveys in research studies

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Wording of the questions cannot affect the validity and reliability of the survey results.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Longer, standardized surveys are often called questionnaires.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.1: Identify advantages and disadvantages of using surveys in research studies

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. To ensure that your survey includes the best set of questions, it is a good idea to pilot sets of questions to determine the specific wording that is most easily understood by your participants.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Open-ended responses allow the participants to respond in any way they feel is appropriate for the question.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Negative wording occurs when you ask someone to answer a question with a negative statement.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. “Do you often get depressed and talk to someone about it?” is a well-constructed survey question.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Coverage errors reduce the face validity of a survey.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Nonresponse errors occur when individuals chosen for the sample choose not to respond to the survey. Therefore, even when an appropriate sampling technique is used, nonresponse errors can still occur, making the sample less representative.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the various options for administering surveys. Discuss the advantages and limitations of each option. Examples are good ways to discuss the options.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Survey Administration

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. An example of a double-barreled question was presented in the McBride text; “Do you believe that climate change is occurring and that humans are the cause?” Discuss why this is not a good survey question and what is meant by double-barreled. Provide a suggested update that is a better survey item for the question example.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Writing Survey Questions

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain why “Do you meditate to reduce your anxiety?” is a poorly worded survey item.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. If you had created a new survey, in what ways would you verify its construct validity?

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Validity of Scores From a Survey

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. If you had created a new survey, in what ways would you verify its reliability?

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.3: Understand how to evaluate surveys for validity and reliability

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reliability of Responses

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Explain the difference between descriptive, predictive, and causal research questions. Please include examples of each.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Answering Research Questions With Surveys

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Explain the difference between open- and closed-ended questions. Please include examples of each.

KEY: Learning Objective: 10.2: Demonstrate construction of a valid survey

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Survey Response Scales

Difficulty Level: Medium