Embodiment, Beauty, and the Viewer Chapter 7 Test Bank Docx

Chapter 7 Test Bank Questions

Long Answer

1. What historic social, cultural, and political factors gave rise to the popularity of the “Black is Beautiful” movement in the United States? (Answer on pp. 199-203)

2. Describe the depiction of the “Retributive Man” character in 1980s Hollywood films. How does it personify the social-cultural and political crisis of masculinity in American society that persists today? (Answer on pp. 213-214)

3. Why are people who fail to fit the beauty ideal sometimes identified as “exotic”? (Answer on p. 217)

4. How does expensive fashion styles exemplify a means to demonstrate affluence and power? (Answer on p. 207)

5. Define the term objectification. How does it apply a new trend in visual imagery that portrays men as sexual rather than active objects? (Answer is on pp. 219-220)

6. Explain what socioeconomic, political, and cultural influences account for the historical shift toward the idea of an unassuming fashion style as a symbol of masculinity called “the great masculine renunciation?” (Answer on pp. 208-209)

7. How are body images in visual media constructed to produce fragmentation or the diminution of a person to a specific human body part? (Answer on pp. 220-221)

8. What cultural, political, and social developments inspired a degree of democratization in contemporary beauty ideals? (Answer on p. 216)

9. How do we define the term aesthetics in relationship to social behavior? (Answer on pp. 216-217)

10. Define the term commodification in viewing gendered bodies. Why do some scholars argue that commodification is not always negative while others insist that it denigrates humankind and remains offensive? (Answer on pp. 221-222)

Short Answer

1. Explain what key element(s) led to the popularity of the “Ally McBeal effect” in young women’s body shape during the 1990s. (Answer on p. 204)

2. Who was the Gibson Girl? Why was she regarded in the public as the epitome of the “New Woman” image of the 1890s? (Answer on pp 193-194)

3. Why is Jennifer López known as a “supernova” and “crossover” celebrity? (Answer on p. 205)

4. Who was Anna May Wong and why was she regarded as glamorous and exotic in the Hollywood film industry? (Answer on p. 196)

5. Why did film historian Donald Bogle contend that actor Sidney Poitier embodied the perfect representation for the “integrationist age” in American history? (Answer on p. 211)

6. Explain why the 1980s represents the return of the Hourglass Look? (Answer on pp. 203-204)

7. Describe the “flapper” in 1920s’ American culture. Explain how the emergence of the “flapper” was seen a symbol of liberation and prosperity in American society? (Answer on pp. 194-195)

8. Who was Bruce Lee? How did his film characters symbolize a more nuanced image of masculinity than previously depicted by white Hollywood male stars during the 1970s? (Answer on pp. 212-213)

9. How did the “politics of respectability” define African American women’s relationship to social mores, fashion, and beauty standards during the 1890s? (Answer on p. 194)

10. According to sociologist Thorstein Veblen, how does class status and power determine what is stylish in relation to attire and body shape? (Answer on p. 207)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Which actress was known by the nickname “The dusky Clara Bow”? (E is correct. Answer on p. 196)

a. Fredi Washington

b. Lucia Lynn Moses

c. Lena Horne

d. Iris Hall

e. Nina Mickinney

2. Who epitomized a popular runway model type called the “glamazon super model” during the 1990s? (B is correct. Answer on p. 204)

a. Iman

b. Naomi Campbell

c. Paulina Porizkova

d. Carol Alt

e. Cindy Crawford

3. Which period was known for the postwar New Look? (D is correct. Answer on p. 198)

a. Between 1944 and 1954

b. Between 1946 and 1950

c. Between 1945 and 1948

d. Between 1947 and 1955

e. Between 1949 and 1952

4. Which actress exemplified the “mature, classical” beauty of the 1930s? (A is correct. Answer on p. 196)

a. Greta Garbo

b. Katharine Hepburn

c. Carole Lombard

d. Rosalind Russell

e. Mary Pickford

5. Which athlete epitomized the youthful, muscular male image popularized during the 1890s? (C is correct. Answer on See p. 209)

a. Cy Young

b. Louis Chevrolet

c. Eugene Sandow

d. Alfred Hajós

e. John McGraw

6. Who created the drawings for the Arrow Collar Man from 1907 to 1931? (E is correct. Answer on p. 210)

a. Charles Dana Gibson

b. Maxfield Parrish

c. Thomas Nast

d. Arthur Rackham

e. Joseph Christian Leyendecker

7. Harrison Fisher

7. What was the name of the character that actress Christina Hendricks played on the cable network AMC television series Mad Men? (B is correct. Answer on p. 205)

a. Rachel Katz

b. Joan Harris

c. Peggy Olson

d. Betty Francis

e. Megan Draper

8. Who first coined the term “metrosexual”? (D is correct. Answer on p. 214)

a. Tom Ford

b. Matt Drudge

c. David Arquette

d. Mark Simpson

e. Michael Kors

9. Which Latina actress has been credited as being Hollywood’s first Latina star? (C is correct. Answer on p. 195)

a. Katy Jurado

b. María Félix

c. Myrtle González

d. Rita Moreno

e. Linda Darnell

10. Who said this statement: “There is no totally natural or neutral body—even the naked body reflects the culture to which it belongs?” (A is correct. Answer on p. 189)

a. Marianne Thesander

b. Benoît Lamarche

c. Nicholas Chare

d. Deb Bugard

e. Per Bjorntorpe

11. What television show made the “bronzed beach look” popular during the 1970s? (E is correct. Answer on p. 203)

a. The Love Boat

b. Fantasy Island

c. Hawaii Five-O

d. The American Girls

e. Charlie’s Angels

12. Where was Sarah Baartman from? (B is correct. Answer on p. 217)

a. The city of Durban in South Africa

b. Cape Colony in South Africa

c. Lesotho in Southern Africa

d. Port Elizabeth in South Africa

e. The Bushveld in South Africa

13. What Vietnam War related film did Sylvester Stallone star in during the 1980s? (D is correct. Answer on p. 213)

a. Hamburger Hill

b. Uncommon Valor

c. Platoon

d. Rambo: First Blood II

e. Causalities of War

14. Who said this comment: “Black is beautiful didn’t overcome everything.” (A is correct. Answer on pp. 202-203)

a. Pearl Marsh

b. Alice Walker

c. Ella Baker

d. Angela Davis

e. Oprah Winfrey

15. Which slim male celebrity appeared on People magazine list of the sexiest man alive within the period from 2000 to 2015? (C is correct. Answer on p. 215)

a. Matt Damon

b. Patrick Swayze

c. Jude Law

d. Blake Shelton

e. George Clooney

16. Which person referred to male models in the Calvin Klein underwear campaigns as “leaners”? (E is correct. Answer on p. 220)

a. Lauren Milligan

b. Susan Cokal

c. Myra Mendible

d. Erica Berman

e. Susan Bordo

17. Which famous Mexican actress was regarded as a part of the “Latin invasion” in Hollywood during the 1930s? (B is correct. Answer on pp. 197-198)

a. Elena Sánchez Valenzuela

b. Dolores del Río

c. Sara Montiel

d. Andrea Palma

e. Lupita Tovar

18. Which company sells one of the most expensive women’s high-heeled shoes in the world? (D is correct. Answer on p. 207)

a. Gucci

b. Stewart Weitzman

c. Tory Burch

d. Manolo Blahnik

e. Kate Spade

19. Who made this statement: “Most people desperately want to be of use to others, and they come to understand themselves partly through their uses?” (A is correct. Answer on p. 222)

a. Leslie Green

b. Karen Stabiner

c. Evangelia Papadaki

d. Sandra Bartky

e. Deana Rohlinger

20. Which Hollywood movie star during the 1950s personified the “masculine ideal” reminiscent of an earlier, popular “broad-shouldered” image of the Arrow Collar Man? (C is correct. Answer on pp. 210-211)

a. Clark Gable

b. James Dean

c. Cary Grant

d. Tony Curtis

e. Tyrone Power

21. In which prehistoric era did the limestone carving Venus of Willendorf appear? (A is correct. Answer on p. 190)

a. 25,000 BCE

b. 3000 BCE

c. 14,000 BCE

d. 43,000 BCE

e. 9, 5000 BCE

22. Which actor was promoted as the “black Valentino” to African American filmgoers by director Oscar Micheaux during the 1920s? (E is correct. Answer on p. 211)

a. Noble Johnson

b. Bert Williams

c. George H. Reed

d. Spencer Bell

e. Lorenzo Tucker

23. Who was nicknamed “Twiggy” because of her moniker short hair and dress? (B is correct. Answer on p. 199)

a. Jean Shrimpton

b. Lesley Hornby

c. Tania Mallet

d. Sandra Howard

e. Jill Kennington

24. Who wrote the book The Theory of the Leisure Class? (D is correct. Answer on p. 207)

a. Max Weber

b. Theodor Adorno

c. Jürgen Habermas

d. Thorstein Veblen

e. Talcott Parsons

25. What male model was the first to appear in Calvin Klein’s underwear advertising campaign in 1982? (C is correct. Answer on p. 214)

a. Bruce Hulse

b. Bob Menna

c. Tom Hintnaus

d. Michael Flinn

e. Tony Ward

True or False

1. Laura Mulvey’s feminist film theory “the male gaze” represents a significant development in the evolution of visual media theories. (True. Answer on p. 219)

2. During the Black Power movement the natural hairstyle now known as the Afro was derided by its leadership. (False. Answer on p. 212)

3. Lena Horne starred opposite Paul Robeson in the film Emperor Jones. (False. Answer on p. 198)

4. The HAES (Health at Every Size) movement advocates an end to weight bias. (True. Answer on p. 191)

5. The 1970s signified the first time that non-European models of beauty could be viewed as beautiful. (False. Answer on p. 199)

6. Model Tyson Beckford, the epitome of the metrosexual image of the 1990s, is a Jamaican of Lebanese and Chinese ancestry. (False. Answer on p. 214)

7. During the 1880s, actress Lillian Russell personified the image of the ideal beauty with her hourglass figure. (True. Answer on pp. 193-194)

8. Rita Hayworth’s career during the 1940s exemplifies the era of “invisibility” for Latin actors in Hollywood. (True. Answer on p. 198)

9. Black women who participated in SNCC (Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee) during the Civil Rights Movement assiduously straightened their hair with chemicals to emphasize their propriety to black Southern communities. (False. Answer on p. 202)

10. The “waif look” during the 1990s was typified by the model Kate Moss. (True. Answer on p. 204)