Ch8 Work, Inequality, and Neoliberalism Complete Test Bank

Chapter 8 Test Bank Questions

Long Answer

1. How does the gender earning gap explain the thousands of dollars of lost wages for women and their families? (Answer on p. 231)

2. Why do women rarely occupy highest positions within corporations in the United States? (Answer on pp. 238-239)

3. Define the term globalization. Why hasn’t globalization led to a greater distribution of wealth or rise in social mobility worldwide? (Answer on pp. 254-255)

4. What is the monetary value of “unpaid workers”? How does unpaid work function as a concealed subsidy for governments and businesses? (Answer on pp. 243-244)

5. Why are family leave policies vital to achieving equal opportunities for women? (Answer on pp. 244-245)

6. Define the economic concept “new international division of labor.” How do the maquiladoras and textile factories in Korea epitomize this economic development? (Answers on pp. 248-250)

7. Why has the Sumangali system in India been compared by its critics to modern-day slavery? (Answer on pp. 251-252)

8. Explain how neoliberalism and globalization are often perceived as directly interconnected. (Answer on pp. 253-255)

9. Why do women worldwide still do more unpaid work and work longer hours than men, completing paid and unpaid labor? Explain how contemporary women’s unpaid labor globally receives no socio-economic recognition, thus regarded as invisible? (Answer on pp. 242-244)

10. How can the selection of a college major for women justify some but not all of the gender earnings gap? (Answer on p. 228)

Short Answer

1. Define the expression “new male mystique.” Explain how this term represents a pun based on feminist activist Betty Freidan’s famous book The Feminine Mystique, and why do so many men today feel conflicted about their contributions and paternal role in in their family lives? (Answer on p. 233)

2. Why is “part-time pay penalty” higher for women than men? (Answer on p. 244)

3. Explain why transnational feminist Chandra Mohanty asserts that neoliberal policies resulted in recolonization of the lives and bodies of women of color? (Answer on pp. 254-255)

4. What is the “motherhood penalty” in Western nations? What major factor(s) account for it in American society and how does it affect women of color specifically? (Answer on pp. 231-233)

5. Define the term “environmental racism.” Why is it so toxic to the health and welfare of people of color in the United States and the Global South? (Answer on pp. 250-251)

6. Define the concept of the “race to the bottom.” How has it been instrumental in fostering the rise of informal and trafficked labor globally? (Answer on p. 254)

7. How do men play an extensive role in the gender wage gap? As women’s careers advance, why does the gender wage gap expand? (Answer on pp. 230-231)

8. Why do women and men experience occupational segregation worldwide? How does sex segregation in employment affect women within specific racial and ethnic groups? (Answer on p. 234-236)

9. What is the “fatherhood premium?” How does it contribute to the gender earnings gap over the course of women’s and men’s lives? (Answer on pp. 232-233)

10. Explain how the gender pay gap is not solely a “women’s problem” but a “work problem”? Why do LGBT people also endure important earnings disparities? (Answer on p. 227)

Multiple Choice Questions

1. What percentage of women are in the management workforce? (A is correct. Answer on p. 238)

a. 38

b. 42

c. 12

d. 24

e. 17

2. Where was the Rana Plaza garment factory located? (E is correct. Answer on p. 250)

a. Mumbai, India

b. Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam

c. Ciudad Júarez, Mexico

d. Shenzhen, China

e. Dhaka, Bangladesh

3. How many African American women were employed at the Kaiser Shipyards in Richmond, CA during World War II? (C is correct. Answer on p. 246)

a. 380

b. 500

c. 1000

d. 1200

e. 900

4. Which nation has a paternity quota? (A is correct. Answer on p. 245)

a. Norway

b. Finland

c. The Netherlands

d. Germany

e. Denmark

5. Which female writer stated in the first issue of Ms. Magazine, “I want a wife”? (D is correct. Answer on p. 242)

a. Dorothy Pitman Hughes

b. Gloria Steinmen

c. Jane O’Reilly

d. Judy Syfers

e. Letty Cottin Pogrebin

6. Which publication first mentioned the phrase “glass ceiling”? (B is correct. Answer on p. 241)

a. The New York Times

b. The Wall Street Journal

c. The Economist

d. The New York Post

e. The Village Voice

7. Which group compromises the majority of the Sumangali workers in India? (E is correct. Answer on p. 251)

a. The Shudras

b. The Vaishyas

c. The Hela

d. The Kshatriyas

e. The Dalits

8. Which nation has no national family leave policy? (B is correct. Answer on p. 244)

a. Belgium

b. United States

c. Benin

d. Chile

e. Mozambique

10. What percentage of women constitute the position of chief executive officers in the U.S.? (A is correct. Answer on p. 238)

a. Less than 5 percent

b. 10 percent

c. Over 5 percent

d. More than 10 percent

e. 5-10 percent

11. In 1985, what percentage of computer science degrees were awarded to American college women? (C is correct. Answer on p. 228)

a. 26

b. 11

c. 37

d. 42

e. 18

12. Identify the person who made this comment: “Gendered perceptions about men’s roles, abilities and skills privilege them and facilitate their advancement.” (D is correct. Answer on p. 239)

a. Barbara Ehrenreich

b. Stephanie Coontz

c. Kathryn Edin

d. Adia Harvey Wingfield

e. Bonnie Thornton Dill

13. When was the ban on women serving in ground combat units in the U.S. Armed Forces rescinded? (B is correct. Answer on p. 234)

a. 2010

b. 2013

c. 2012

d. 2016

e. 1999

14. What was the name of the iconic, popular American image representing women factory workers during World War II? (E is correct. Answer on p. 237)

a. Government Girls

b. Rosie to the Rescue

c. Munitionettes

d. Wendy the Welder

e. Rosie the Riveter

15. In the Global South, women average how many hours dedicated to domestic work per day? (C is correct. Answer on p. 242)

a. 8

b. 4

c. 5

d. 9

e. 6

16. In which country is the percentage of women in the work force continuing to decline? (A is correct. Answer on pp. 247-248)

a. The United States

b. Australia

c. France

d. Germany

e. Japan

17. In which one of the following countries are maquiladoras located? (D is correct. Answer on p. 249)

a. Colombia

b. Uruguay

c. Bolivia

d. Mexico

e. Dominican Republic

18. Which one of the following institutions promotes neoliberalism? (B is correct. Answer on p. 252)

a. Economic Policy Institute

b. World Trade Organization

c. World Fair Trade Organization

d. World Social Forum

e. The Organization for Economic Co-Operation and Development

19. Identity the person who made this statement: “How ironic that the measure we call gross domestic product excludes the value of most domestic work.” (E is correct. Answer on p. 243)

a. Alice Eagly

b. Francine Blau

c. Linda Carli

d. Lawrence Kahn

e. Nancy Folbre

20. In 2018, what was the federal minimum wage in the United States? (C is correct. Answer on p. 236)

a. $15.00

b. $2.65

c. $7.25

d. $5.50

e. $9.25

21. What percentage of men are in the nursing field in the U.S.? (A is correct. Answer on p. 230)

a. 10

b. 16

c. 5

d. 8

e. 12

22. Which one of the following cities raised its minimum wage to 15 dollars an hour? (D is correct. Answer on p. 236)

a. Atlanta

b. Tampa

c. Philadelphia

d. Chicago

e. St. Louis

23. When was Kathleen Hall Jamieson denied a fellowship because she was about to be married? (A is correct. Answer on p. 226)

a. 1967

b. 1989

c. 1970

d. 1981

e. 1995

24. What percentage of minimum wage workers are adults today? (C is correct. Answer on p. 236)

a. 20

b. 35

c. 90

d. 64

e. 50

True or False Questions

1. Increased unionization among women workers, relative to their male counterparts, has prevented the closing of the gender gap. (False. Answer on p. 237)

2. Under neoliberalism, the World Bank usually refuses loan requests from many nations in the Global South for improvements in their infrastructure such as factories and roads. (False. Answer on p. 252)

3. A valuable strategy for women to reduce the gender earnings gap with men is learning how to negotiate for their salaries. (True. Answer on p. 231)

4. Occupational segregation decreased sharply from the 1990s to 2000s. (False. Answer on p. 234)

5. In traditionally male-dominated professional fields such as STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering and Math), the gender pay gap is greater than in the labor force as a whole. (False. Answer on p. 237)

6. In lower-paying and less high-status employment, women are often overrepresented in the middle and bottom of the same occupational domain as men. (True. Answer on p. 238)

7. Part-time pay for women does not reinforce the belief that they are less sincere about their work commitment than men. (False. Answer on p. 233)

8. Maquiladoras are located in the Global North and are known for favorable working conditions. (False. Answer on p. 249)

9. During WWII, the childcare centers at the Kaiser shipyards in Portland, Oregon were open only 12 hours a day, five days a week, and they cost workers 1.00 dollar a day. (False. Answer on pp. 246-248)

10. Latinx women and men are least likely to be employed in the same occupation. (True. Answer on p.234)