Effect Of Media On Community And | Test Bank + Answers Ch.12

Chapter 12 Effect of Media on Community And Everyday Culture

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 1

1) Cultivation analysis's four-step process to measure the impact of television on the culture includes message system analysis, which is _________.

Feedback: This content analysis reveals television’s “reality.”

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. examining official government statistics

b. surveying heavy television consumers

c. a detailed content analysis of television programming

d. interviews with program producers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 2

2) According to George Gerbner, the view of the social world cultivated by prime-time television programming is ______.

Feedback: The medium’s depiction of a cruel and violent world becomes the reality for heavy television viewers.

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. an accurate, detailed depiction of the way things are

b. highly misleading and designed to maintain certain elite groups in power

c. an inaccurate depiction that overemphasizes crime and violence

d. something that we all come to accept no matter how little television we view ourselves

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 3

3) ______ argues that there are important benefits, such as trust, cooperation, and reciprocity, that flow from involvement in various social networks.

Feedback: It was thought that social media would undermine the ability of legacy media to hold peoples’ attention and interest.

Page reference: Media and Social Capital/Community Research

a. Social capital theory

b. Cultivation analysis

c. Mass society theory

d. Communitarianism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 4

4) Communities unserved by local media are referred to as ___________.

Feedback: There are more than 1,300 American communities unserved by a local newspaper; 900 have lost all local news coverage since 2004.

Page reference: Media and Social Capital/Community Research

a. black holes

b. waystations

c. news deserts

d. outliers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 5

5) The ability to effectively and efficiently comprehend and use any form of mediated communication is _______.

Feedback: The best way to ensure functional (rather than dysfunctional) use of media is to improve individuals’ media-use skills.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. conversationalism

b. literacy

c. comprehensibility

d. media literacy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 6

6) At what age do people typically become media literate?

Feedback: Media literacy is a skill that must and can be improved throughout life as people, culture, and technology change.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. At no specific age; we educate ourselves about it and practice it.

b. 13-16 years old.

c. 17 to 20 years old.

d. Over 20 years old.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 7

7) According to cultivation researchers, because of television’s accessibility and availability, it has become the chief creator of “synthetic cultural patterns for the most heterogeneous mass publics in history, including large groups that have never shared in any common public message systems.” As such, they say it is ______.

Feedback: As a result, television cultivates a shared reality among its viewers.

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. the central cultural arm of American society

b. a legitimate target for strict regulation

c. The most efficient mechanism to advertise products

d. The basis of all other media’s content

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 8

8) Cultivation researchers argue that television’s major cultural function is to stabilize social patterns and to cultivate resistance to change. As such, it is fair to label Cultivation Analysis a __________ theory.

Feedback: Television is a medium of socialization and enculturation.

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. normative

b. critical

c. regenerative

d. interpretive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 9

9) Cultivation primarily occurs in two ways. One, ______, describes the process whereby, especially for heavier viewers, television’s symbols monopolize and dominate other sources of information and ideas about the world.

Feedback: Viewers’ internalized social realities eventually move toward a culturally dominant reality more closely aligned with television’s reality than with any objective reality.

Page reference: The Products of Cultivation Analysis

a. mainstreaming

b. resonance

c. mean-world

d. attitude shaping

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 10

10) Cultivation primarily occurs in two ways. One, _____, describes the process whereby viewers see things on television that are most congruent with their own everyday realities.

Feedback: Some viewers get a “double dose” of cultivation because what they see on the screen resonates with their actual lives.

Page reference: The Products of Cultivation Analysis

a. mainstreaming

b. resonance

c. mean-world

d. attitude shaping

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 11

11) Cultivation analysis differentiates between first-order and second-order cultivation effects. Which description best describes first-order cultivation effects?

Feedback: First-order cultivation effects are probability judgments about the world.

Page reference: The Products of Cultivation Analysis

a. Viewers’ attitudes and beliefs that are formed as a result of probability judgments they make about the world.

b. Those judgements that spring to mind first when away from the screen.

c. Judgments about real-world violence that overwhelm other considerations.

d. Viewers’ estimates of the occurrence of some phenomenon.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 12

12) Cultivation analysis differentiates between first-order and second-order cultivation effects. Which description best describes second-order cultivation effects?

Feedback: For example, viewers who think there is a probability that they will be the victim of a crime will be reluctance to go out at night.

Page reference: The Products of Cultivation Analysis

a. Viewers’ attitudes and beliefs that are formed as a result of probability judgments they make about the world.

b. Those judgements that spring to mind first when away from the screen.

c. Judgments about real-world violence that overwhelm other considerations.

d. Viewers’ estimates of the occurrence of some phenomenon.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 13

13) __________ are efforts to reduce harmful effects of the media by informing the audience about one or more aspects of the media, thereby influencing media-related beliefs and attitudes, and ultimately preventing risky behaviors.

Feedback: Interventions have proven successful across all ages and all forms of content.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. Content analyses

b. Counter-mainstreaming interventions

c. Literacy training interventions

d. Media literacy interventions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 14

14) Among the several parental mediation media literacy interventions is _______, talking with children about television content.

Feedback: Parental mediation efforts foreground the importance of interpersonal communication between parents and their children in fostering media literacy.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. active mediation

b. restrictive mediation

c. co-viewing

d. participatory learning

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 12, Question 15

15) Media literacy researchers have identified several actions parents can take to regulate children’s exposure to technology. Among them is __________, conversations or discussions between parents and children about the technologies, their content, and dangers and benefits.

Feedback: They call diversionary, discursive, and investigative “gatekeeping” activities.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. participatory activities

b. diversionary activities

c. discursive activities

d. investigative activities

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 16

16) Most Americans know all or most of their neighbors.

Feedback: Only a third do, and only about half of those trust them.

Page reference: Overview

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 17

17) Social capital theorists frequently cite the findings from news production research to support their positions.

Feedback: They claim that political news is too personalized, too dramatized, and too fragmented.

Page reference: Media and Social Capital/Community Research

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 18

18) The annual content analysis of a sample week of network television prime-time fare designed to demonstrate, from season to season, how much violence was present in that programming is called the Cultivation Index.

Feedback: It is called the Violence Index.

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 19

19) Cultivation research has demonstrated that the observable, measurable, independent contributions of television to the culture are relatively small.

Feedback: In other words, effects are subtle and occur over time; cultivation researchers refer to this as the ice age analogy.

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 20

20) Discursive activities are parents’ intentional efforts to direct their children away from the technologies themselves, perhaps by encouraging them to go outside, play sports, join clubs, or other healthier or beneficial activities.

Feedback: This describes diversionary activities. Discursive activities involve talking with children about technology.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 21

21) Parents’ enabling mediation combines safety efforts for more Internet-skilled kids and restrictive mediation for those less skilled.

Feedback: The goal is to maximize children’s online opportunities while also minimizing online risks.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 22

22) Resonance is people’s tendency to accept information that confirms their beliefs and dismiss information that does not.

Feedback: This describes confirmation bias. Resonance is the cultivation effect in which viewers see things on television that are most congruent with their own everyday realities.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 23

23) Cultivation analysis’s 3-Bs of television are blurring, bending, and blending.

Feedback: The result is the cultivation of viewers’ reality that more closely matches TV’s reality than it does objective reality.

Page reference: The Products of Cultivation Analysis

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 24

24) Despite its ongoing value to the discipline, Cultivation Analysis remains a TV violence-specific theory with little to say about the effects of other forms of content.

Feedback: Cultivation research now encompasses a wide array of content and the phenomena it presents; that is, there is much genre-specific cultivation theory.

Page reference: The Products of Cultivation Analysis

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 25

25) Yes, there may be a lot of fake news on the Internet, but few users are fooled into believing it and passing it on.

Feedback: In fact, because of confirmation bias, many users are willing to pass on fake news with little evaluation.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 26

26) One purpose of media literacy is to give us more control over interpretations.

Feedback: All media messages are interpretations. A key to media literacy is not to engage in the impossible quest for truthful or objective messages. They don’t exist.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 27

27) Media literacy is a condition or a category. A person is either media literate or not.

Feedback: Media literacy is a continuum in which there are degrees. There is always

room for improvement.

Page reference: Media Literacy

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 28

28) Once social capital is created, it becomes a resource that prevents future social misunderstanding from arising and it can be drawn upon to bring about understanding when social conflict does occur.

Feedback: For example, racial conflict should be less likely to occur if social capital has been created because most people regularly meet or work with members of different races.

Page reference: Media and Social Capital/Community Research

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 29

29) The Violence Index demonstrated that year-to-year, the amount of violence on network TV continued to decline, most likely because of growing parental dissatisfaction.

Feedback: Year in, year out, violence appeared on prime-time television to a degree unmatched in the “real world,” and it was violence of a nature unlike that found in that “real world.”

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. True

b. False

Type: True or False

Title: Chapter 12, Question 30

30) Cultivation researchers believe that television is essentially and fundamentally different from other forms of mass media.

Feedback: It does not require literacy; it’s free; it combines pictures and sound; it requires no mobility; it is the only medium with which people can interact at the earliest and latest years of life, and all those years in between.

Page reference: Cultivation Analysis

a. True

b. False