Divorce Variation And Fluidity Test Bank Chapter 7

Chapter 7: Divorce Variation and Fluidity

Multiple Choice

1. Approximately of African American marriages are projected to end in divorce

a. 90%

b. 47%

c. 70%

d. 38%

Answer location: Introduction, p. 139

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

2.Approximately of European American marriages are projected to end in divorce

a. 90%

b. 47%

c. 70%

d. 38%

Answer location: Introduction, p. 139

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

3. In the DVFM model, fluidity means

a. The vast difference in experience and adjustment that parents and children have in the divorce process

b. The change in economic conditions as people divorce

c. The change in living conditions (neighborhoods, schools) that families experience as the result of divorce

d. The change in individual adjustment over time

Answer location: Theoretical Perspective, p. 140

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

4. The DVFM model

a. Is a process model that takes a contextual approach to demonstrate the highly dynamic nature of the divorce process

b. Is a linear model that looks at pre and postdivorce functioning

c. Is a process model that demonstrates the stability of factors associated with divorce

d. Is a model that seeks to explain the impact of divorce on parents

Answer location: Theoretical Perspective, p. 140

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

5. In understanding about resilience to divorce it is important to consider the

a. Postdisruption adjustment of children and adults

b. The predisruption adjustment of children and parents

g. The risk and protective factors present in the family system

h. The timing of the divorce in relation to the family life course

Answer location: Theoretical Perspective, p. 141

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. The difference between a risk factor and a risk mechanism is that

a. A risk factor is a single event, and a risk mechanism is a series of events

b. A risk factor is variable, and a risk mechanism is a stable process

c. A risk factor cancels out a protective factor, and a risk mechanism is the process of adaptation

d. Risk factors increase the likelihood of undesirable outcomes while risk mechanisms are the processes by which the stressor (divorce) leads to adjustment difficulties

Answer location: Theoretical Perspective, p. 142

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

7. and are two of several demographic risk factors associated with divorce

a. Being European American and middle aged when you marry

b. Being young at the time of marriage and having divorced parents

c. Being Asian and educated

d. Being African American and living in rural areas and

Answer location: Factors that Predict and Cause Divorce, p. 144

Answer type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

8. Often what people report happened and what really happened in their relationship that causes a divorce are two different things. This is thought to be due to

a. People don’t want to share personal information about a private matter

b. Women and men have such divergent reasoning that the reality of the divorce is distorted

c. People are often in extreme denial about their divorce

d. Peoples’ subjective views are different than what researchers’ empirical investigations identify

Answer location: Factors that Predict and Cause Divorce, p. 144

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

9. Amy’s parents divorced over the summer, and Amy is struggling academically and socially in school. Factors that may impact her adjustment may include

a. How her family interacts postdivorce

b. Whether she is LGBTQ

c. Where her family lives

d. Whether her friends have experienced divorce

Answer location: Divorce and Its Aftermath, p. 145

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

10. The economic costs of divorce are such that

a. It is hard to say who fares better, women or men, because of the economic equality in the labor force

b. Women and children suffer financially while men enjoy a better financial situation

c. Women and men fare equally because of the child support paid to the custodial parent

d. Men fare worse because typically they have to pay child support

Answer location: Economic Consequences, p. 146

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

11. In a clinical study of patients at a mental health clinic, it was shown that divorce was highly associated with suicide attempts. This hypothetical study then made claims that divorce may predict suicide attempts. One of the problems with the study’s claims is that

a. It is not a longitudinal design

b. The subjects are not appropriate for a study on divorce

c. The study is based on a clinical sample, and therefore the results cannot apply to the general population

d. The study’s claims are acceptable

Answer location: Psychological Adjustment, p. 147

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

12. Women and men seem to adjust better if they have a new partner following a divorce, however

a. In general, men tend to hang on to the relationship hostility with the divorced spouse

b. In general, women tend to be more affected and lash out at children, for example

c. In general, women and men are equally able to let the past go and not let past divorce impact them

d. In general, men and women both struggle equally postdivorce

Answer location: Psychological Adjustment, p. 148

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

13. In terms of race and gender

a. European American women tend to receive more social support postdivorce

b. European American women have higher social, emotional, and financial adjustment following divorce

c. African American women receive more social support postdivorce

d. European American men receive more social support postdivorce

Answer location: Psychological Adjustment, p. 148

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

14. Most children and adolescents experience adjustment difficulties (pre and postdivorce) for

a. 6 months

b. 5 years

c. 3 months

d. 1 to 2 years

Answer location: Children’s Adjustment, p. 149

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

15. There appears to be substantial variability in children’s outcomes following divorce. This is attributed to

a. Risk and protective factors pre and postdivorce

b. The length of time the parents were married

c. Who the child lives with postdivorce

d. The child’s age

Answer location: Children’s Adjustment

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

16. A consistent problem confronting children following divorce is

a. Their parents’ continued fighting

b. Since 2/3 of children live with mothers, economic hardship is prolonged

c. Whether they will be able to have long-term relationships

d. Having to establish a new group of friends

Answer location: Children’s Adjustment, p. 150

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

17. Another factor that impacts child’s adjustment is

a. The cumulative effects of multiple transitions in family structure and living arrangements

b. Children’s need to know all the information

c. Parent’s insistence in protecting children from information

d. The family’s culture

Answer location: Multiple Family Transitions and Children’s and Parents’ Adjustment, p. 151

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

18. Multiple divorces tend to be

a. Quite rare

b. Quite common

c. Associated with suicide attempts

d. Associated with greater negative impact on parents than children

Answer location: Consequences for Adults, p. 152

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

19. Parenting education programs have been found to be

a. Highly effective based on evaluations

b. Highly ineffective based on evaluations and consumer satisfaction surveys

c. Problematic because there are not consistent program evaluations and so effectiveness cannot be determined

d. Moderately effective even with programmatic variations

Answer location: Interventions, p. 153

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. Critics of divorce mediation have cited that

a. Although mediation has its drawbacks, it is a solid alternative that should be pursued (as opposed to litigation)

b. Mediation is costly and has been shown to be ineffective

c. Mediation focuses on the needs of the children rather than the needs of both parents and children

d. A concern in mediation is the inherent power imbalance between women and men, and therefore men have more to gain in mediation

Answer location: Divorce Mediation, p. 155

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

True/False

1. Families experience and adjust to divorce in relatively similar ways.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theoretical Perspective, p. 140

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

2. Most children do not develop social, emotional, and academic problems as the result of a divorce.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Theoretical Perspective, p. 142

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

3. Divorce rates have steadily increased from the 1950s to the present time.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: History and Context, p. 142

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

4. There is no difference between how women and men fare financially following a divorce.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Economic Consequences, p. 146

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

5. Women and men are who are involved in relationships with new partners adjust better to the divorce.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Psychological Adjustment, p. 147

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

6. Divorce appears to be more stressful for women, but research indicates that it may be a short-term crisis as many women feel that their postdivorce situation is preferable to their married life.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Psychological Adjustment, p. 148

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

7. Corina is 3 years old, and her parents divorced a year ago. She is still struggling at times, being clingy with her parents and extra whiney at bedtimes. This is abnormal for postdivorce adjustment.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Children’s Adjustment, p. 149

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Application

8. Research has indicated that more than one out of every two children have experienced two or more family structural transitions before they are in fourth grade.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Consequences for Children, p. 151

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Essay

1. Review the percentages of adults who are predicted to be divorced. Why do you think there are such differences based on race/ethnicity?

2. What are some reasons that some family members adjust to divorce better than others?

3. Do you think that there is still stigma associated with divorce? Why, or Why not?

a. Answers may include:

• Divorce is more widely accepted and less stigmatized today than in the past, but it still tends to be viewed negatively and is often blamed for many individual and societal problems. Opposition to divorce also has legal and political implications as, from time to time, there have been efforts to make it more difficult for married couples to obtain divorces, such as longer waiting periods and requiring participation in counseling before the divorce is granted.

Answer location: Conclusion, p. 156

Question type: ESS

Cognitive Domain: Analysis