Exam Prep 5th Edition Ch.6 Stress And Coping In Later Life

Chapter 6: Stress and Coping in Later Life

Multiple Choice

1. Alfonso is 68 years old. According to gerontologists, this means he is in which age category?

a. Young old

b. Middle-old

c. Oldest old

d. Senior Citizen

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 121

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

2. The field of family gerontology emerged to

a. Prepare families to care for their older family members

b. Prepare older adults for the inevitable declines in later life

c. Draw attention to the intersection between aging, family systems, and the life course

d. Engage with policy makers to take a serious look at the looming deficits in Social Security benefits

Answer location: Introduction, p. 119

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

3. The study of the aging family

a. Centers on families with primary members over 40 years old, and focuses on the family system, relationships, transitions, and social support networks of older family members

b. Centers on families with primary members over the age of 65 and focuses on retirement, widowhood, and end-of-life issues

c. Centers on the residential needs of older adults

d. Centers on health-related challenges in older adults

Answer location: Introduction, p. 120

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

4. Aging families and younger families differ in important ways including

a. The likelihood that aging families will experience coinciding joyful and painful events

b. Aging families experience more stress that young families

c. Younger families experience more stress than aging families

d. Younger families do not focus on the needs of their aging parents

Answer location: The Aging Family, p. 121

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

5. It is important to study demographic trends because

a. We know the aging population is decreasing, and thus, services can be reduced

b. People are living longer, and so society can adjust to the growing needs of younger populations for the majority of social resources

c. The life expectancy is lengthening. Growth in the older population will happen at relatively rapid rates. This impacts family structures, social policy, and service needs of the entire population in the near future

d. It will help policy makers understand where older adults live

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 121

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

6. The young old are considered those in the age range between

a. 40 and 64

b. 65 and 74

c. 45 and 59

d. 60 and 64

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 121

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

7. The middle old are considered those in the age range between

a. 40 and 64

b. 70 and 74

c. 60 and 64

d. 75 and 84

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 121

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

8. The oldest old are considered those in the age range

a. Over 85

b. 75 to 84

c. Over 88

d. There is not a category of oldest old

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 121

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

9. Women typically

a. Live longer than men, but that difference may disappear in the future

b. Have better communication skills than their husbands so they have an aging advantage to men

c. Have a shorter life expectancy than men

d. Remain in relationships and so share their older years with a partner more often than older men

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 122

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

10. There are important distinctions between aging and stress and stress encountered in the younger years. The main issue is that

a. Stress in older populations focuses on financial considerations

b. Stress in younger families is related to developmental, transitional, and life course issues where older adults struggle with the loss of health

c. Earlier in life, stressors revolve around growth in the context of excitement and future potential whereas older adults experience stressors associated with health declines and reduced social and familial circles

d. Stressors in older adults are of less intensity and duration than on younger adults

Answer location: Stress in Later Life, p. 123

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

11. Stress-related growth refers to

a. A focus on the problems of aging

b. Positive outcomes that emerge from stress, specifically resilience

c. Positive outcomes that emerge from family support

d. Stress related growth that emerges with age

Answer location: Stress in Later Life, p. 123

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

12. According to U.S. Health and Retirement Study,

a. Retirement forces the older adult to face their mortality

b. Most respondents experienced a positive change upon retirement

c. Most of the respondents experienced a negative change in their well-being

d. Most respondents experienced little change in their preretirement well-being

Answer location: Retirement, p. 125

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

13. In terms of financial well-being, which statement is the most accurate for older adults?

a. Women are financially disadvantaged because of the inequity in pay in the labor market, their extended longevity, and increase in divorce rates

b. Demographically, baby boomer men and women have saved much more than their predecessors, so they are relatively set for retirement

c. Men retire much earlier (before 65) because they are more financially stable

d. Men tend to remain in the work force into their retirement years so that they can develop a second or third career

Answer location: Retirement, p. 125

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

14. of retired individuals viewed their retirement as involuntary

a. 1/2

b. 2/3

c. 1/3

d. 3/4

Answer location: Retirement, p. 125

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

15. Caregivers provide informal and formal supports. Examples of formal supports include

a. Meals on Wheels

b. Rides to doctor appointments by volunteer drivers of a senior center

c. Home-care provider paid for by Medicare

d. Home visitors from the local church

Answer location: Caregiving, p. 126

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

16. A caregiver provides different types of assistance for someone who is physically or psychologically impaired. One type of assistance is hands-on assistance, and the other is assistance that expresses affection and encouragement. The terms used for these types of assistance are

a. Informal and formal

b. Financial and volunteer

c. Health-related and financial-related

d. Emotional and instrumental

Answer location: Caregiving, p. 126

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

17. A multidimensional response to the negative appraisal and perceived stress resulting from taking care of an ill individual is referred to as

a. Secondary caregiving trauma

b. Elder care burnout

c. Ageism

d. Caregiver burden

Answer location: Caregiving, p. 127

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

18. Mercedes and Carlos are a Latino couple who both work. Last month, Carlos’s mother had a mild stroke and Carlos and Mercedes brought her home from the hospital to live with them, even though there was room at a rehab for Mrs. Moreno. Mercedes quit her part-time job at school to care for Carlos’s mother without a second thought because both she and her husband saw it as their responsibility. This is an example of a cultural value referred to as

a. Machismo

b. Familismo

c. Filial piety

d. Caregiver burden

Answer location: Caregiving, p. 127

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

19. Ambiguous loss is associated with an older adult who

a. Requires considerable amounts of mobility assistance

b. Has a dementia-related condition which makes him or her physically present but emotionally/cognitively absent

c. Lives with his or her family who has to work longer hours to support his or her needs

d. Lives in a residential setting and is angry that the family will not support him or her at home

Answer location: Caregiving, p. 127

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

20. Elder abuse is perpetrated primarily by

a. Family members

b. Paid caregivers

c. Institutional residences

d. Community perpetrators

Answer location: Elder Abuse, p. 129

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

21. Emily lives with her grandmother and has taken her checks and signed them over to herself. She also has been so exhausted by caring for her grandmother’s intensive physical needs and memory loss that she finds herself screaming at her every evening when her grandmother is particularly restless. This is an example of

a. Physical and emotional abuse

b. Emotional abuse and financial neglect

c. Financial abuse

d. Emotional abuse and financial abuse

Answer location: Elder Abuse, p. 129

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

22. Wanda has noticed that her eyesight is beginning to decline, and at the same time, the roads around her home are becoming more congested with traffic. She decides to stop driving and works with her daughter to find free transportation for seniors in her area. Her neighbor also told her about special busses for disabled adults that stop right in front of your door. She is ecstatic about the options but a little afraid to explore them by herself. This is an example of

a. Problem-focused coping

b. Emotion-focused coping

c. Instrumental –focused coping

d. Social-focused coping

Answer location, Models of Coping and Adaptation, p. 130

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

23. Violet (87 years old and very frail) needs more home care, but she has denied this need to her concerned children. She continues to tell them that she can handle each situation on her own and says that living alone is not dangerous (although she has fallen numerous times and in fact broke her pelvis), and that she is an “independent” woman who does not need any help. This is an example of

a. Problem-focused coping

b. Emotion-focused coping

c. Instrumental –focused coping

d. Social-focused coping

Answer location: Models of Coping and Adaptation, p. 131

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Application

24. Violet eventually moved in with her daughter and was initially unhappy to the point of depression. She agreed to see an elder care social worker who comes to the home once per week. After several sessions, Violet is getting up earlier and sitting on the porch with her daughter planning the flowerpots for the spring and looking forward to weekly lunches at the senior center. This is an example of

a. Normative development

b. Instrumental coping

c. Positive reappraisal

d. Social-emotional intervention

Answer location: Models of Coping and Adaptation, p. 131

Question type: MC

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

True/False

1. One of the weaknesses in the study of aging families is the exclusion of a focus on LGBTQ families.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: The Aging Family, p. 120

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

2. The racial/ethnic mix of older adults is expected to remain relatively stable between now and 2050.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Demographic Trends, p. 122

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

3. Ecological systems theory is a helpful lens to view family aging because it considers the impact of multiple levels of peoples’ ecology on their functioning.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Stress in Later Life, p. 123

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

4. Elder abuse is experienced by 2/3 of the older adult population in the United States.

a. True

b. False

Answer location: Elder Abuse, p. 128

Question type: TF

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Essay

29. Define what is meant by the aging family. What issues do they face? What are some differences between aging families and younger families?

30. Discuss the positive and negative experiences older adults face in their retirement. Give examples of each. How do you think these experiences compare with what you will experience as an older adult?

31. People are living longer and with that, caregiving responsibilities fall on family members. Discuss issues associated with providing care for older family members and include the notion of caregiver burden.

a. Answers may include:

• Caregiving can be informal (i.e., provided by unpaid volunteers, family members, or friends) or formal (i.e., provided by paid care workers) and can take the form of different types of assistance. Instrumental support (hands-on assistance with daily functioning) and emotional support (actions and gestures expressing affection and encouragement) are two general types of assistance that researchers have frequently explored (Pearlin, Aneshensel, Mullan, & Whitlatch, 1995)
• Family caregiving is provided by spouses, adult children, extended family members, and fictive kin, and the motivation to provide care is what sets it apart from assistance supplied by more formal sources. Family members provide care because of feelings of love and affection, intergenerational solidarity (Silverstein & Bengtson, 2001), or filial responsibility (Silverstein, Gans, & Yang, 2006). However, in some cases, care is provided because of family pressure to do so or because there is no one else to do it (Piercy & Chapman, 2001).
• Gender—more women are caregivers
• Culture
• Caregivers often face extensive demands on their time as well as difficulties that test their physical and mental endurance, referred to as caregiver burden. Caregiver burden is a “multidimensional response to the negative appraisal and perceived stress resulting from taking care of an ill individual, [and it] threatens the physical, psychological, emotional, and function health of caregivers” (Kim, Chang, Rose, & Kim, 2011, p. 864).

Answer location: Caregiving, pp. 126-127

Cognitive Domain: Analysis