Complete Test Bank The Origin And History Of Life Chapter.15 - Biopsychology 11e | Test Bank by Marielle Hoefnagels. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 15
The Origin and History of Life
Multiple Choice Questions
1. | Clues from geology and paleontology suggest that simple cells, or their precursors, arose about _____ years ago.
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2. | The Soviet chemist Oparin suggested that for organic molecules to form on Earth, the atmosphere was probably rich in
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3. | Stanley Miller's first prebiotic simulation experiment showed that, under the right conditions, Oparin's ancient atmosphere could allow for the formation of
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4. | Carl Woese named the ancient aggregate of DNA, RNA, proteins, and lipids a
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5. | According to Miller and other researchers, the most difficult condition to have been met in an "RNA world" was to
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6. | Photosynthesis probably originated during the __________ era, and most likely used _____________ as an electron donor.
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7. | The last shared ancestor for today's cell types is thought to have arisen about _____ years ago.
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8. | It is thought that eukaryotes probably originated about _____ years ago.
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9. | It is thought that the first cells probably arose about _____ years ago.
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10. | It is thought that the first multicellular organisms arose about _____ years ago.
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11. | Evidence supporting the idea that mitochondria and chloroplasts in present-day cells originated as independent organisms includes
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12. | Which scientist is given credit for proposing the endosymbiont theory?
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13. | The Cambrian explosion refers to Earth's historical benchmark of life involving the
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14. | Which of the following did not occur during Precambrian time?
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15. | Ediacaran organisms lived during the _____ period.
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16. | Ediacaran organisms
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17. | Which of the following was/were found in the Cambrian seas?
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18. | The major Canadian geological deposit that contains numerous Cambrian animals is the
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19. | Jawless fishes were the first vertebrates to leave fossil evidence during the _____ period.
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20. | The first vascular plants evolved during the _____ period.
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21. | The "age of fishes" was the _____ period.
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22. | The first amphibians appeared during the _____ period.
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23. | The "age of amphibians" was the _____ period.
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24. | Primitive reptiles first appeared during the _____ period.
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25. | The amniote egg, in which an embryo could develop completely on dry land, arose during the _____ period.
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26. | The mass extinction of the Permian period
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27. | The three periods of the Mesozoic era in sequence from most ancient to most recent are
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28. | The Mesozoic era lasted from about
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29. | The first flowering plants, true mammals, and true frogs appeared during the _____ period.
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30. | A mass extinction, perhaps caused by a large asteroid hitting Earth near the Yucatan peninsula in the Cretaceous period, produced_____________, which created uninhabitable conditions.
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31. | The "age of dinosaurs" lasted about 120 million years and included the _____ periods.
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32. | The period in which modern continents were separated from an original Pangaea supercontinent, was the
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33. | The Cenozoic era consists of the _____ periods.
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34. | Placental mammals appeared during the _____ period.
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35. | The Precambrian supereon, in which life first appeared and diversified to multicellular eukaryotes, lasted approximately ___ of the geologic timescale.
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36. | For a span of some 300 million years, the Paleozoic era, in which vascular plants, fishes, and other diverse life appeared, lasted approximately ___ of the geologic timescale.
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37. | For a span of 248 mya to 65 mya, the Mesozoic era, in which dinosaurs appeared, dominated, and became extinct, lasted approximately ___ of the geologic timescale.
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38. | The Cenozoic era, during which the diversity of animals living today arose, has extended from 65 mya to the present. This is approximately ___ of the geologic timescale.
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39. | The Carboniferous period included
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40. | Homo sapiens first appeared during the
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41. | The Primate order arose about ____ years ago, in the ___ period.
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42. | Characteristics shared by primates include
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43. | A buried skeletal find of a specimen has the foramen magnum tucked beneath the skull; this indicates that the skeletal remains are of a
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44. | Hominids include
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45. | Hominines include
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46. | The three groups in the primate lineage are
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47. | The swinging from one arm to the other with the body dangling below is
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48. | Our closest-living relatives on the evolutionary tree are
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49. | During the first 5–600 million years on Earth, temperatures ranged from 500–1000°C, atmospheric pressure was 10 times current levels, and the planet was bombarded with meteorites. How would these conditions favor the formation of biological molecules?
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50. | Clays often have charged surfaces. How may this have been important in the formation of organic macromolecules?
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51. | Why do scientists hypothesize that RNA was the first form of genetic material?
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52. | Phospholipids have the ability to spontaneously form membranes when placed in water. Why was this important in the origin of life on Earth?
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53. | Mitochondria are proposed to have evolved before chloroplasts based on which observation?
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54. | According to the endosymbiont theory, host archaea engulfed ___, which then allowed both populations to survive together.
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55. | Chloroplasts are proposed to have arisen after archaea cells engulfed ___, in endosymbiosis, allowing the engulfed cell to remain, with specialized function.
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56. | Fuels used in cars, and the carbon dioxide cars emit, were originally carbon dioxide
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57. | A buried skeletal find has the foramen magnum near but not at the rear of the skull; this indicates the skeletal remains may be those of a
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58. | The advantage of bipedalism is
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59. | Humans, chimpanzees, and bonobos are both
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60. | Humans and chimps are both able to
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True / False Questions
61. | The theory that organisms could arise suddenly from the nonliving component chemicals was called the theory of spontaneous generation. |
62. | The early report that Stanley Miller had created "life in a test tube" in his prebiotic simulations was correct. |
63. | The enzyme that copies RNA into complementary DNA is RNA polymerase. |
64. | Natural selection would have favored progenotes that could use more diverse food sources. |
65. | The geologic timescale is divided into eons, eras, periods, and epochs defined by major geological or biological events. |
66. | The earliest cells probably originated about 3.5 billion years ago. |
67. | The endosymbiont theory states that eukaryotic cells work together to form a multicellular organism. |
68. | The endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, and other membranous organelles of cells might have formed by numerous infoldings of the cell's outer membrane. |
69. | The three periods of the Mesozoic era are the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous. |
70. | The two major extinctions of living species occurred during the Mesozoic era. |
71. | A time of great adaptive radiation for mammals occurred during the Tertiary period. |
72. | The coding region of chimpanzee genes and human genes are 99% identical. |
73. | According to the evolutionary tree, humans share a common ancestor with other groups of apes. |