Complete Test Bank From Tree Shrew To Ape Ch.9 nan

a.

trilobites.

c.

therapsids.

b.

amphibians.

d.

mammals.

a.

large and diurnal.

c.

large and nocturnal.

b.

small and nocturnal.

d.

small and crepuscular.

a.

dinosaurs.

c.

therapsids.

b.

birds.

d.

reptiles.

a.

change in position of the continents in relation to each other and the poles.

b.

presence of genetic drift in a continental population.

c.

presence of a founder effect within a single continent.

d.

cooling of a single continent due to a drift in climatic conditions.

a.

They had not been formed into land yet.

b.

They were underneath the ocean.

c.

They were joined into a single continent.

d.

They were joined into two continents.

a.

a single landmass that contained all present-day continents

b.

the view that all mammals evolved in Gaea

c.

the specific geographic location where all life originated

d.

evidence of an ancient underwater biome

a.

Laurasia divided into Pangaea and Gondwanaland.

b.

Gondwanaland divided into North America and Europe.

c.

Pangaea divided into Laurasia and Gondwanaland.

d.

India moved north to join Europe.

a.

It can facilitate speciation.

b.

It can cause random changes in gene frequencies.

c.

It produces adaptations.

d.

It increases mutations.

a.

all present-day continents.

b.

all present-day continents except for Asia.

c.

all of the continents that no longer exist.

d.

North America, Europe, and Asia.

a.

all present-day continents.

b.

all present-day continents except for Asia.

c.

India and North America.

d.

most of the continents in the Southern Hemisphere.

a.

Because Pangaea was so large, it probably had cold winter weather, like Asia does today.

b.

Because Pangaea was so large, it facilitated the circulation of water from the tropics to the poles.

c.

Cold areas of the world today, such as Alaska, were always cold.

d.

Europe was never tropical.

a.

The climate first warmed, then cooled, and most recently became variable.

b.

The climate underwent a constant cooling trend, with decreasing variability.

c.

The climate underwent a constant warming trend, with some recent variability.

d.

The average climate did not change but the variability went down.

a.

less extreme temperatures than smaller continents.

b.

the same weather as smaller continents.

c.

more extreme temperatures than smaller continents.

d.

the same weather as smaller continents, as climate is determined by other factors.

a.

rocks are heated by volcanic activity and then cooled rapidly.

b.

rocks are heated by volcanic activity and then cooled slowly.

c.

bone is mineralized by interaction with surrounding rock.

d.

animals die slowly through starvation.

a.

search for extraterrestrials.

b.

extract DNA from inside fossils.

c.

determine the morphology of a fossil.

d.

determine the age of a sample.

a.

Carbon-14

c.

Electron-spin-resonance

b.

Thermoluminescence

d.

Argon–argon

a.

decays into a different isotope over time.

b.

changes to carbon-12 faster than carbon-12 changes to carbon-14.

c.

is more susceptible to radiation than is carbon-12.

d.

never changes and is not a good isotope for radiometric dating.

a.

recent archaeological sites.

c.

young fossils.

b.

young rocks.

d.

old fossils or rocks.

a.

old volcanic rocks.

c.

young organic material.

b.

old sedimentary rocks.

d.

young apatite crystals.

a.

isotopes decay at a known rate.

b.

older layers are deeper than younger layers.

c.

when rocks are formed, chemical signatures determine how long they will last.

d.

when rocks are formed, their chemical configuration never changes.

a.

Radioactive decay

c.

Thermoluminescence

b.

Electron-spin-resonance

d.

Carbon-14

a.

Apatite crystals

c.

Unstable carbon isotopes

b.

Volcanic rocks

d.

High-energy nuclear particles

a.

it cannot be used in conjunction with other dating techniques.

b.

the earth’s magnetic field changes periodically.

c.

these methods have relatively large margins for error.

d.

many fossils of interest were present only during a limited period of time.

a.

arboreality.

c.

the breakup of Pangaea.

b.

flowering plants.

d.

insectivory.

a.

the earliest primates were insect predators.

b.

primate characteristics coevolved to facilitate leaping.

c.

orbital convergence evolved after grasping hands and feet.

d.

the earliest primates foraged on plant resources and insects at night.

a.

They were large-brained, diurnal monkeys found in Africa.

b.

They had nails on their fingers like modern humans.

c.

They had fully enclosed eye sockets like modern humans.

d.

They were small, nocturnal, and found in North America and Europe.

a.

They were alive during the Oligocene.

b.

They lived in forested habitats.

c.

They were the earliest mammals.

d.

They had teeth that were adapted to eat only fruits.

a.

nails instead of claws.

b.

eyes that were placed on the sides of their heads.

c.

the presence of a postorbital bar.

d.

habitual terrestrial behavior.

a.

Paleocene

c.

Oligocene

b.

Eocene

d.

Miocene

a.

grasping hands and feet.

c.

small brains.

b.

claws.

d.

long snouts.

a.

a predator.

c.

nocturnal.

b.

a prey animal.

d.

diurnal.

a.

were similar to modern tarsiers.

c.

had small eye sockets.

b.

specialized in fruit.

d.

had large bodies.

a.

had smaller eye sockets than the Omomyidae.

b.

were nocturnal.

c.

were smaller than the Omomyidae.

d.

had longer tarsal calcaneus bones than the Omomyidae.

a.

at Fayum in Egypt.

c.

about 5 million years ago.

b.

during the Paleocene.

d.

at the same time as the dinosaurs.

a.

Its community included strepsirrhines, omomyids, and haplorrhines.

b.

It was a desert.

c.

It did not have any animals other than primates.

d.

It is where the oldest primate fossils on record came from.

a.

the rise of a land bridge connecting North and South America.

b.

colder, more variable global temperatures.

c.

a change in the Northern Hemisphere from deciduous to tropical forests.

d.

warmer, more consistent temperatures.

a.

Their eye sockets were fully enclosed by bone.

b.

They had a 2.1.3.3 dental formula.

c.

They were nocturnal.

d.

They had prehensile tails.

a.

They were nocturnal.

c.

They had a 2.1.2.3 dental formula.

b.

They had claws.

d.

They had a 2.2.4.4 dental formula.

a.

the propliopithecids

c.

the oligopithecids

b.

the parapithecids

d.

the omomyids

a.

lemurs

c.

tarsiers

b.

Old World monkeys

d.

New World monkeys

a.

They were small bodied.

b.

They first evolved during the Eocene.

c.

They were terrestrial.

d.

They had three premolars.

a.

after Kenyapithecus.

c.

in a woodland environment.

b.

during the Miocene.

d.

in Africa.

a.

The absence of a tail

c.

The presence of a narrow chest

b.

The presence of short upper limbs

d.

Thin tooth enamel

a.

Eocene.

c.

Miocene.

b.

Oligocene.

d.

Pliocene.

a.

Morotopithecus

c.

Chororapithecus

b.

Dryopithecus

d.

Proconsul

a.

molars with thick enamel and rounded cusps

b.

narrow zygomatic arches

c.

robust upper jaws

d.

molars with thin enamel and sharp cusps

a.

Frugivores

c.

Insectivores

b.

Folivores

d.

Faunivores

a.

flexible wrists.

c.

highly curved fingers.

b.

a stiff and short lumbar spine.

d.

a wide, shallow rib cage.

a.

Kenyapithecus.

c.

Ouranopithecus.

b.

Dryopithecus.

d.

Sivapithecus.

a.

limbs of equal length

b.

a narrow thorax

c.

larger brains than monkeys

d.

tooth adaptations for insectivory and frugivory

a.

It is low during glacial periods.

b.

It is high during glacial periods.

c.

It decreases over time as ¹⁸O decays into ¹⁶O.

d.

It increases over time as ¹⁸O accumulates from cosmic sources.

a.

an overall warming trend from about 50 million years ago.

b.

an overall cooling trend from about 50 million years ago.

c.

cycles of cooling and warming around an average of about 5 degrees C.

d.

a remarkably steady global temperature, suggesting that continental drift, not climate change, causes most ecological changes.

a.

It cannot be used on teeth.

b.

It uses a magnetic field to count the number of trapped electrons in apatite crystals.

c.

It measures the breakdown of molecules in teeth to estimate their age.

d.

It is used to date zirconium crystals and has been used in South Africa where potassium-argon methods can’t be applied.

a.

teeth are not remodeled during life, so they carry a record of the animal’s entire life history.

b.

although teeth are the least likely body part to survive, they can be dated using the argon–argon method.

c.

teeth are continuously remodeled throughout life, so they show the response an animal had to the environment in which it lived.

d.

although the shape of teeth tells us little about diet, the wear on them indicates what the animal ate.

a.

3

c.

63

b.

36

d.

93