Complete Test Bank Chapter.8 Alcohol 2nd Edition

Perspectives in Nutrition, A Functional Approach, 2e (Byrd)

Chapter 8 Alcohol

1) The highest concentration of ethanol is found in ________.

A) beer

B) wine

C) distilled spirits

D) wine coolers

2) The alcohol content of an 80-proof tequila is ________.

A) 80%

B) 40%

C) 20%

D) 100%

3) Wine generally contains ________ alcohol.

A) ≤5%

B) 5%-14%

C) 15%-22%

D) >22%

4) The process of fermentation involves all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) simple sugars, such as maltose

B) yeast

C) carbon dioxide

D) bacteria

5) A standard serving of an alcoholic drink is defined as ________.

A) 16 oz beer

B) 12 oz wine cooler

C) 5 oz wine

D) 3 oz hard liquor

6) A standard drink contains ________ grams of alcohol.

A) 5

B) 10

C) 14

D) 25

7) Alcohol is absorbed in the small intestine by ________.

A) passive diffusion

B) facilitated diffusion

C) simple diffusion

D) active transport

8) Alcohol absorption occurs in the ________.

A) stomach

B) small intestine

C) esophagus

D) stomach and small intestine

9) The ADH pathway of alcohol metabolism converts ethanol into ________.

A) citric acid

B) NADH

C) acetyl-CoA

D) pyruvate

10) The main organ responsible for ethanol metabolism is the ________.

A) liver

B) pancreas

C) small intestine

D) stomach

11) When consumed in low to moderate amounts, alcohol is primarily metabolized by the ________ pathway.

A) catalase

B) MEOS

C) alcohol dehydrogenase

D) peroxidase

12) When the MEOS pathway is induced, alcohol tolerance ________ because the rate of alcohol metabolism ________.

A) increases; decreases

B) decreases; increases

C) decreases; decreases

D) increases; increases

13) The symptoms of acetaldehyde buildup during alcohol metabolism include ________.

A) flushing

B) rapid heartbeat

C) hyperventilation

D) All of these symptoms can occur.

14) Women absorb 30%-35% more ethanol directly from the stomach than men because women ________.

A) have slower rates of gastric emptying

B) tend to eat more food when consuming alcoholic beverages

C) have lower amounts of alcohol dehydrogenase in the cells lining the stomach

D) absorb all substances, including ethanol, more efficiently

15) Binge drinking for a male is defined as having ________ or more drinks on a single occasion.

A) 2

B) 4

C) 5

D) 10

16) A blood alcohol level of ________ is defined as legal intoxication in the U.S. and Canada.

A) 0.05

B) 0.08

C) 0.10

D) 0.50

17) What percent of North American adults consume alcohol?

A) 10%

B) 33%

C) 70%

D) 84%

18) Binge drinking on college campuses is associated with ________.

A) academic problems

B) auto accidents

C) sexual abuse

D) All of these responses are correct.

19) The population group with the highest rate of alcohol consumption is ________.

A) elderly adults

B) teenagers

C) college students

D) middle-aged adults

20) Moderate drinking is most accurately defined as ________.

A) up to 1 drink per day for women and 2 drinks per day for men

B) up to 7 drinks per week for women and 14 drinks per week for men

C) up to 2 drinks per day for women and 3 drinks per day for men

D) less than 2 drink per day for women and 4 drinks per day for men

21) Benefits of moderate alcohol consumption include lower rates of ________.

A) Alzheimer's disease

B) many types of cancer

C) cardiovascular disease

D) All of these responses are correct.

22) Detrimental effects of excessive alcohol consumption include higher rates of ________.

A) high blood pressure and stroke

B) cancers of the mouth and throat

C) liver disease and liver failure

D) All of these responses are correct.

23) An early sign of alcohol-induced liver damage is ________.

A) liver cirrhosis

B) ascites

C) jaundice

D) steatosis

24) Liver cirrhosis is characterized by ________.

A) decreased synthesis of proteins made in the liver

B) abnormal retention of fluid in the abdomen

C) poor nutritional status

D) All of these answers are correct.

25) Alcoholism is associated with all of the following EXCEPT ________.

A) cirrhosis of the liver

B) jaundice

C) type I diabetes

D) alcoholic hepatitis

26) Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is a   ________ deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse.

A) vitamin A

B) thiamin

C) niacin

D) vitamin B-12

27) Alcoholics often have trouble with night blindness. This can result directly from ________.

A) impaired absorption of several B-vitamins

B) fluid accumulation in the eye

C) damage to brain cells

D) impaired absorption and transport of vitamin A

28) The recommendation for alcohol consumption during pregnancy is ________.

A) no alcohol at all

B) limit to one drink per week

C) to follow current guidelines for moderate drinking

D) to avoid binge drinking

29) The problems of alcohol abuse and alcohol dependency ________.

A) are very infrequent in the United States

B) affect nearly 1 in 3 Americans over a lifetime

C) are untreatable problems

D) affect only those with other serious problems, such as poverty, unemployment, or mental health disorders

30) Which of the following is not a common nutritional concern in alcoholics?

A) vitamin B-12 deficiency

B) protein-energy malnutrition

C) vitamin A toxicity

D) iron deficiency

31) Medications used to treat alcohol dependence act on ________.

A) exclusively the brain to reduce alcohol cravings

B) exclusively the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol

C) the stomach to prevent alcohol absorption

D) both the brain to reduce alcohol cravings and the liver to block complete metabolism of alcohol

32) The risk of developing a problem with alcohol is higher in those ________.

A) with a biological parent with alcohol problems

B) who are women

C) who begin drinking heavily in middle-age

D) who are of Asian descent

33) When the rate of alcohol consumption exceeds the liver's metabolic capacity, blood alcohol levels increase and symptoms of intoxication develop.

34) Guidelines for safe drinking recommend that women should have no more than 2-3 drinks per day.

35) Alcohol requires no digestion.

36) Excess consumption of some alcoholic beverages can lead to deficiencies of iron and zinc.

37) Moderate alcohol intake has been associated with increased HDL cholesterol levels.

38) Excessive alcohol intake can lead to deficiencies of niacin, thiamin, vitamin B-6, vitamin B-12, and folate.

39) Compared with men, women produce more alcohol dehydrogenase enzyme in the stomach.

40) Compared to men, women absorb approximately 30%-35% more unaltered alcohol from the stomach into the bloodstream.

41) Extremely high blood alcohol levels can lead to respiratory failure.

42) Signs of alcohol poisoning include hypoglycemia and severe dehydration.

43) Binge drinking is associated with vandalism and suicide.

44) An 80-proof vodka or gin is 80% alcohol.

45) Because alcohol cannot be stored in the body, it has priority in metabolism over other energy sources.

46) The small intestine is the primary site for alcohol metabolism.

47) Moderate alcohol consumption is most accurately defined as no more than 7 or 14 drinks per week for women and men, respectively.

48) List 3 of the leading causes of death in North America that are associated with excessive consumption of alcohol.

49) Define what is considered excess alcohol consumption for an average man and for an average woman.

50) List 3 reasons why women are less tolerant of alcohol than men.

51) Describe 2 methods used to treat alcoholism.

52) What are 4 symptoms that might indicate that someone has a problem with alcohol?

53) How does alcohol abuse impair nutritional status?

54) Describe the health consequences to the fetus of drinking alcohol during pregnancy.

55) Describe 3 of the factors that increase the risk of developing alcohol dependency or alcohol abuse.

56) List 3 signs of alcohol abuse.

57) How does the body absorb and digest low to moderate amounts of alcohol?

58) Which of the following meals would slow the rate of absorption of alcohol the most?

A) two pancakes with syrup

B) bacon cheeseburger and french fries

C) one cup of plain spaghetti

D) baked chicken breast and baked potato

59) Which of the following individuals would show signs of alcohol intoxication the fastest?

A) 25-year-old male with a normal BMI who has not eaten today

B) 35-year-old female with a normal BMI who has eaten a high fat meal 1/2 hour before starting to drink

C) 22-year-old female with a high BMI who has eaten a high carbohydrate meal just before ordering her first drink

D) 28-year-old male with a high BMI who has had a protein shake before ordering his first drink

60) How would moderate alcohol consumption potentially benefit a 70-year-old widow who has no previous history of heart disease?

A) Alcohol could stimulate her appetite to get more needed nutrients and calories.

B) Alcohol could improve her production of estrogen.

C) Alcohol could decrease her chances of developing type II diabetes.

D) Alcohol could help her absorb more nutrients.

61) What would happen to the liver of an individual who was diagnosed with steatosis if he or she abstained from alcohol?

A) He or she would progress to alcoholic hepatitis.

B) He or she would progress to cirrhosis.

C) He or she would progress to liver cancer.

D) They would reverse his or her condition.

62) A chronic alcoholic presents with muscle twitching and cramping.  He is also complaining of spasms in his muscles that he cannot seem to control.  What nutrient is he likely deficient in?

A) Iron

B) Folate

C) Magnesium

D) Niacin

63) If a nursing mother consumes 1 to 2 drinks of alcohol, when is it safe to breastfeed?

A) 2 hours after last drink

B) 30 minutes after last drink

C) 1 hour after last drink

D) She should not breastfeed at all if she chooses to drink.