Ch.10 Energy Balance, Weight Control, And Eating + Test Bank

Perspectives in Nutrition, A Functional Approach, 2e (Byrd)

Chapter 10 Energy Balance, Weight Control, and Eating Disorders

1) When the diet contains more energy than is expended, the excess energy ________.

A) is stored as fat in adipose tissue

B) is stored in muscle tissue

C) decreases nitrogen balance

D) is excreted in the urine

2) When energy intake is greater than energy output, body weight generally ________.

A) remains the same

B) increases

C) decreases

D) None of these choices are correct.

3) For most adults, the greatest portion of their energy expenditure is for ________.

A) physical activity

B) basal metabolism

C) thermic effect of food

D) None of these choices are correct.

4) The body's total daily energy expenditure includes ________.

A) basal metabolic rate, thermal effect of food, and effects of physical activity

B) basal metabolic rate, height, and weight

C) body mass index, food intake, and number of hours a person sleeps

D) None of these choices are correct.

5) All the following are true statements about basal metabolism except ________.

A) it supports the work that goes on in the body all the time

B) it is the amount of calories you need to sustain life 

C) it includes involuntary activities necessary to sustain life

D) it accounts for the smallest component of the average person's daily energy expenditure

6) Compared to men, the basal metabolic rate of women is typically ________.

A) lower

B) higher

C) no different

7) The energy spent in maintaining all involuntary processes in the body at rest, awake, and in a non-absorptive state is called ________.

A) resting metabolism

B) thermogenesis

C) thermic effect

D) basal metabolism

8) A factor that can decrease BMR is ________.

A) consuming a very low-energy diet

B) having a high fever

C) long endurance exercise

D) being pregnant

9) The best predictor of your basal metabolic rate is ________.

A) the rate of nutrient absorption

B) what you had for breakfast

C) your lean body mass

D) environmental temperature

10) Of the following males, who would most likely have the lowest BMR?

A) 60-year-old

B) 16-year-old

C) 46-year-old

D) 76-year-old

11) The thermic effect of food accounts for approximately ________ of energy consumed each day.

A) 5% to 10%

B) 11% to 15%

C) 16% to 20%

D) 50%

12) Consumption of a very-low-calorie diet ________.

A) increases BMR by about 10% to 20%

B) increases BMR by about 40% to 50%

C) decreases BMR by about 10% to 20%

D) decreases BMR by about 40% to 50%

13) To calculate estimated energy needs using the equations developed by the Food and Nutrition Board, one needs information about the individual's ________.

A) age

B) weight

C) height

D) gender

E) All of these choices are accurate.

14) A young man weighs 150 pounds. A rough estimate of his basal metabolic rate would be ________.

A) 1469 kcal per day

B) 68 kcal per hour

C) 2500 kcal per day

D) 61 kcal per hour

15) The ratio of body weight to height is represented as ________.

A) body composition

B) basal metabolic rate

C) bioelectrical impedance

D) body mass index

16) Hunger can be defined as ________.

A) starvation

B) a physiological drive to find and eat food

C) a sensation caused by distension of the stomach and small intestine

D) a psychological drive to eat

17) Satiety is largely regulated by the ________.

A) pituitary gland

B) cerebral cortex

C) hypothalamus

D) liver

18) A man weighs 154 pounds and is 70 inches tall. His BMI is ________.

A) 15

B) 20

C) 22

D) 25

19) A body mass index of 40 represents ________.

A) no health risk

B) possible health risk

C) a high risk for health problems

D) a value that is not on the nomogram

20) Underwater weighing assesses body composition based on the principle that ________.

A) lean body tissue is more dense than adipose tissue

B) adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue

C) adipose tissue is composed of mostly water

D) body fluids are not being weighed using this method

21) Bioelectrical impedance assesses body composition based on the principle that ________.

A) atomic nuclei behave like magnets when an external magnetic field is applied across the body

B) adipose tissue is more dense than lean body tissue

C) electrical conductivity is greater in lean tissue than in adipose tissue

D) fat-free mass is proportional to total body potassium

22) Which of the following techniques for measuring body composition makes use of small exposures to radiation?

A) MRI

B) DEXA

C) TOBEC

D) BIA

23) Lee Brown is a 23-year-old college student. Which of these would indicate that he is at greater risk for chronic diseases associated with obesity?

A) BMI of 22

B) BMI of 27

C) 41-inch waist

D) 38-inch waist

24) A "thrifty metabolism" is a genetic predisposition that ________.

A) causes a person to expend higher-than-average energy at rest

B) enables a person to store fat readily

C) enables a person to expend fat readily

D) None of these choices are accurate.

25) The set-point theory proposes that ________.

A) body temperature determines how many calories are burned

B) humans have a genetically predetermined body weight or body fat

C) metabolism can be reset at different stages of life

D) None of these choices are accurate.

26) Before recommending treatment for obesity, the health professional should ________.

A) assess current health status

B) take a family history of obesity-related disease

C) determine fat distribution in the patient

D) All of these choices are accurate.

27) A healthy weight for an individual should not be based exclusively on weight, but on ________.

A) total amount of body fat

B) location of body fat

C) presence or absence of weight-related medical problems

D) All of these responses are correct

28) The success (attain and maintain reduced weight for 3 to 5 years) of non-surgical commercial weight reduction programs has been reported to be approximately ________ for adults.

A) 40%

B) 5%

C) 25%

D) 0%

29) Based on results of long-term studies, people on weight-reduction diets should limit ________.

A) high-fat foods

B) high-fiber foods

C) high-protein foods

D) high-mineral foods

30) Approximately how many calories are calculated to be in one pound of fat?

A) 2500

B) 3500

C) 4500

D) 5500

31) The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of ________.

A) weight

B) body fat

C) body water

D) body protein

32) A daily deficit of 400 to 500 kcal should theoretically result in a loss of approximately ________ of body fat per week.

A) 0.25 pound

B) 1 pound

C) 3 pounds

D) 4 pounds

33) A weight-reduction program should be considered successful only when the weight loss ________.

A) exceeds 10% of starting weight

B) is maintained

C) results in a BMI of below 25

D) All of these choices are correct.

34) A sound program for weight reduction should include ________.

A) control of total energy intake

B) increased physical activity

C) modification of food habits

D) All of these choices are correct.

35) An example of an appropriate weight-loss strategy would be a ________.

A) food plan that meets the nutritional needs of the patient

B) diet based on readily obtainable foods

C) plan that encourages increased physical activity

D) All of these choices are accurate.

36) Physical activity is MOST likely to lead to successful weight loss if it ________.

A) is performed at high intensity

B) is performed regularly

C) leads to significant loss of body water

D) causes muscle soreness

37) Keeping tempting snack foods stashed in the cupboards or freezer instead of leaving them in plain view, which may trigger unnecessary eating, is an example of ________.

A) cognitive restructuring

B) chain-breaking

C) self-monitoring

D) stimulus control

38) Kevin wants to treat himself to a hot fudge sundae whenever he has a stressful day. He decides that a more appropriate response to a stressful day would be a brisk walk. Which of the following behavior modification techniques has he used?

A) cognitive restructuring

B) self-monitoring

C) contingency management

D) stimulus control

39) By keeping a detailed food diary, the individual who is trying to lose weight can discover ________.

A) emotions that lead to poor eating habits

B) social influences affecting eating and food choices

C) external cues that lead to overeating

D) All of these choices are accurate.

40) All of the following are useful behavior modification principles for weight control EXCEPT ________.

A) eliminating a reward system for weight loss

B) working out with a friend

C) recording eating behaviors to identify situations that contribute to overeating

D) shopping from a grocery list

41) The best way to handle a situation in which you "go off" your meal plan for weight loss is to ________.

A) go ahead and eat anything you want

B) skip eating tomorrow

C) assume lapses will occur and re-establish the program but feel guilty

D) learn from the experience by identifying triggers so that a repeat can be avoided

42) Maintenance of weight loss can be fostered by ________.

A) eating breakfast

B) having a regular exercise plan

C) self-monitoring

D) All of these responses are correct.

43) The highest rate of weight-loss success and maintenance among people with morbid obesity is seen with ________.

A) very-low-calorie diets (VLCDs)

B) jaw wiring

C) gastroplasty

D) commercial weight-loss programs

44) The primary intent of gastroplasty is to ________.

A) speed transit time

B) limit stomach volume

C) prevent snacking

D) alter the absorption of the small intestine

45) A fad diet for weight loss ________.

A) can result in quick weight loss

B) usually fails because habits are not changed

C) may be nutritionally inadequate

D) All of these choices are correct.

46) A weight-loss program is likely a fad diet if it ________.

A) recommends expensive, unproven nutrient supplements

B) promotes quick weight loss

C) guarantees weight-loss success for everyone

D) All of these choices are accurate.

47) Eating disorders frequently co-occur with which of the following psychological disorders?

A) depression

B) substance abuse

C) anxiety disorders

D) All of these choices are accurate.

48) Anorexia nervosa can be defined as ________.

A) compulsive eating

B) purging

C) hyperactivity

D) psychological denial of appetite

49) A condition of self-induced semi-starvation is called ________.

A) bulimia

B) anorexia nervosa

C) kwashiorkor

D) baryophobia

50) The semi-starvation of anorexia nervosa results in many physiological changes, such as ________.

A) decreased basal metabolism

B) lanugo

C) iron-deficiency anemia

D) dry, scaly, cold skin

E) All of these choices are accurate.

51) Anorexic individuals have trouble maintaining normal body temperature because of ________.

A) loss of body fat as insulation

B) lack of appropriate clothing as the person tries to show off his/her extreme thinness

C) increased synthesis of the thyroid hormone

D) wearing baggy clothes

52) Lanugo is ________.

A) a consequence of iron deficiency

B) the body's response to increased synthesis of thyroid hormones to compensate for less kcals

C) fine, downy hair covering the body to compensate for lack of adequate body fat insulation

D) cessation of the menstrual cycle

53) The most successful treatment for anorexia nervosa involves ________.

A) isolation from the family and forced tube feeding

B) dietary counseling on an outpatient basis by a registered dietitian

C) inpatient psychological, nutritional, and medical therapy, often involving the whole family

D) use of diuretics

54) Bulimic patients often have a problem with ________.

A) recognizing nutritious food choices

B) eating enough food to maintain a healthy body weight

C) experiencing no feelings of guilt after bingeing

D) an inability to control responses to impulse and desire

55) One essential difference between anorexia and bulimia ________.

A) is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood

B) is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens

C) is that anorexic patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder

D) is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem, whereas the anorexic turns away from food

56) To counteract the binge, the bulimic patient may ________.

A) induce vomiting

B) take laxatives

C) over-exercise

D) All of these choices are accurate.

57) Repeated self-induced vomiting may cause ________.

A) tears in the esophagus

B) stomach ulcers

C) electrolyte imbalances

D) tooth demineralization

E) All of these choices are correct.

58) The greatest health risk from frequent vomiting due to bulimia nervosa is ________.

A) potassium imbalance

B) constipation

C) lanugo

D) swollen glands

59) Eating disorders not otherwise specified ________.

A) are not really an eating disorder but more of a perception of having one

B) occur when a person can't decide whether to become an anorexic or bulimic

C) refers to a broad category that can include symptoms from both anorexia and bulimia

D) None of the answers are correct.

60) Negative energy balance results from an energy deficit and the result is weight loss.

61) The part of our energy expenditure that we have the most direct control over is voluntary physical activity.

62) As cholecystokinin secretion increases, appetite increases.

63) Chewing contributes to satiety.

64) Hunger signals change even while we eat.

65) Stomach distention contributes to satiety.

66) Metabolism of protein may promote satiety by decreasing the secretion of a hormone called ghrelin.

67) Being classified as overweight according to BMI does not necessarily equate to excess health risks if a person makes wise food choices and exercises.

68) Women carry more body fat than men for reproductive purposes.

69) According to studies, identical twins raised in different environments tend to have different weight gain patterns.

70) Genes account for up to 20% of weight differences between people.

71) Environmental factors are important influences on what we eat.

72) Eating breakfast has been shown to be a good strategy for losing weight.

73) Setting a weight-loss goal of 10 pounds in six weeks is reasonable and attainable if the individual is fully committed to such efforts.

74) Exercise leads to development of more lean tissue, which reduces basal metabolism.

75) In treating morbid obesity with gastroplasty, the volume of the stomach is reduced to approximately 30 milliliters.

76) A VLCD may only supply 400 to 800 kcal per day.

77) Fad diets rarely lead to lasting weight loss or positive changes in eating and exercise habits.

78) Treating physical and emotional problems early could help prevent eating disorders.

Match the term with its description.

A) BMI > 30

B) All involuntary activity

C) Muscles, liver, kidney, etc.

D) Fat cells, adipose tissue

E) A method for evaluating health risk

79) Basal metabolism

80) Obesity

81) Fat tissue

82) Body Mass Index

83) Lean tissue

Match the term with an example.

A) Taking a jog with a friend instead of raiding the refrigerator after a stressful final exam

B) Taking the route home from work that does not go past a favorite fast food establishment

C) Separating the act of watching a movie with the act of eating buttered popcorn and sliced cheese

D) Keeping a record of diet and activity habits to identify patterns that contribute to obesity

E) Planning to work out with an aerobics DVD if bad weather prevents outdoor exercise

84) Chain-breaking

85) Stimulus control

86) Cognitive restructuring

87) Contingency management

88) Self-monitoring

89) How does leptin affect appetite and is it involved in the development of obesity?

90) Explain how hunger signals change several hours after eating.

91) Explain the difference between hunger and appetite and discuss if a craving for chocolate is a sign of hunger?

92) What everyday physical activities can help increase energy output?

93) What are the advantages and disadvantages of skinfold measurements as a technique for assessing body composition?

94) Which body fat measurements are considered the most accurate and why?

95) Describe two genetic disorders/diseases that can cause weight disturbances.

96) Name the three important components of a successful weight-management program.

97) What usually happens when someone resumes their normal lifestyle after having followed a fad diet?

98) Compare and contrast anorexia nervosa and bulimia. In what ways are they similar? In what ways are they different?

99) Explain how psychological therapy can help in the treatment of a patient with an eating disorder?

100) Someone you know is suspected of having an eating disorder. What are some of the steps you can take to help this person?

101) Ghrelin is a protein that increases appetite.

102) Which of the following represents a BMI range considered to be healthy for most adult men and women?

A) 10-14

B) 15-18

C) 19-24

D) 25-30

103) The thermic effect of food represents

A) the BMR minus the energy used in physical activity

B) the decrease in food energy due to cooking

C) the increase in energy expenditure associated with the body's digestion of food

D) the body's storage of food as fat for insulation

104) Which of the following genetic disorders would cause a person to have limited fat stores?

A) Marfan syndrome

B) Hypothyroidism

C) Ovarian cysts

D) Prader-Willi syndrome

105) Why is BMI not the best indicator of overfat?

106) Sally has had a rough day at work. Before she decided to lose weight, she would have normally gone straight to the freezer and eaten a large bowl of ice cream. Now, she recognizes that stress is a trigger for her to overeat so she deals with her stressors in other manners. What strategy is Sally using to control her problem behavior?

A) chain-breaking

B) cognitive restructuring

C) contingency management

D) self-monitoring

107) What would be the best food option for underweight individuals to add to their diet to increase their weight in a healthy manner?

A) cheeseburger

B) pizza

C) whole grain bread with turkey

D) salad with ranch dressing

108) Describe the differences between disordered eating and an eating disorder.