Complete Test Bank Chapter 4 Civil Liberties and Rights - Test Bank | American Gov Brief Ed. 1e by Scott F. Abernathy by Scott F. Abernathy. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 4: Civil Liberties and Civil Rights: Building and Defending Fences
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following cases struck down state bans on the same-sex marriage and overturned both parts of the Defense of Marriage Act?
a. Bowers v. Hardwick
b. Romer v. Evans
c. Goodridge v. Department of Public Health
d. Obergfell v. Hodges
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
2. Which of the following best defines civil liberties?
a. rights citizens possess that protect them from unfair governmental interference
b. rights guaranteed in the Constitution that define what people are allowed to do
c. items included in the Bill of Rights that define what the government is allowed to do
d. the ability to criticize the government
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Which of the following cases struck down a law banning same-sex sexual conduct?
a. United States v. Windsor
b. Griswold v. Connecticut
c. Lawrence v. Texas
d. Roe v. Wade
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Which right not enumerated in the Constitution or Bill of Rights was central to the Windsor case?
a. privacy
b. security
c. self-defense
d. equity
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. As they assembled for the Constitutional Convention in spring 1787, a main concern among delegates was to secure the protection of ______.
a. individual rights
b. southern slaves
c. northern businesses
d. territorial sea routes
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. The Bill of Rights can be found in ______ of the Constitution.
a. the Preamble (introduction)
b. Article One Sections 1–8
c. Article Three Sections 1–6
d. the first 10 amendments
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following groups was most concerned with the lack of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution?
a. Federalists
b. Anti-Federalists
c. Socialists
d. Communists
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. As a compromise, the Constitution included a(n) ______ to compensate for a Bill of Rights.
a. strict definition of treason
b. clause ending the slave trade
c. ensurance of religious freedom
d. protection of press and speech
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Federalist arguments in response to Anti-Federalist concerns over the Bill of Rights were included in ______ by Alexander Hamilton.
a. Federalist 10
b. Federalist 11
c. Federalist 51
d. Federalist 84
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. How many amendments were originally proposed for the Bill of Rights?
a. nine
b. 10
c. 11
d. 12
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. On what date did the Bill of Rights formally become part of the Constitution?
a. September 16, 1787
b. June 8, 1789
c. December 15, 1791
d. May 2, 1803
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Which amendment in the Bill of Rights deals with the right to own a firearm?
a. first
b. second
c. fourth
d. fifth
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. The right to just compensation when a person’s private property is taken for public use can be found in which part of the Bill of Rights?
a. First Amendment
b. Second Amendment
c. Fifth Amendment
d. Eighth Amendment
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The Sixth Amendment is important because of which of the following protections?
a. political speech
b. no unreasonable search and seizure
c. protection from self-incrimination
d. a fair and speedy public trial
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. An issue before the Supreme Court dealing with a death penalty case would most probably involve which of the following amendments in the Bill of Rights?
a. first
b. fourth
c. sixth
d. eighth
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Hard
16. What was the outcome of the United States v. Windsor case?
a. It effectively legalized most same-sex marriages.
b. It incorporated the Ninth Amendment to most of the states.
c. It struck down a part of the Full Faith and Credit Clause.
d. It struck down a part of the Defense of Marriage Act (DOMA).
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
17. Which clause in the Constitution mandates that each state respects and enforces licenses and legal actions of other states?
a. the Full Faith and Credit Clause
b. the Commerce Clause
c. the Necessary and Proper Clause
d. the Due Process Clause
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Hard
18. How does the Bill of Rights, by itself, apply to state and federal government?
a. It restrains only the powers of the federal government.
b. It restrains only the powers of the states.
c. It restrains both the powers of the states and federal government.
d. It restrains neither the federal government nor the states.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
19. Where is the foundation for extending protections in the Bill of Rights to state laws and actions found?
a. the First Amendment’s Free Exercise Clause
b. Article IV of the Constitution’s Full Faith and Credit Clause
c. the Fourteenth Amendment’s Due Process Clause
d. Article VI of the Constitution’s Supremacy Clause
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Which of the following best describes the piecemeal process through which the Supreme Court has applied the protections included in the Bill of Rights to the states?
a. collective aggregation
b. selective incorporation
c. executive delegation
d. progressive selection
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. The case of Board of Education v. Allen (1968) dealt with which of the following issues?
a. paying for transportation to private schools with public money
b. establishing mandatory prayer in public schools
c. providing private religious schools with textbooks at public expense
d. prohibiting any religious celebrations, assemblies, or performances
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Religious Freedom
Difficulty Level: Easy
22. A teacher wishes to sponsor an after-school prayer group during noninstructional time while off duty. What stance does the Supreme Court currently take on this issue?
a. Teachers may participate in religious activities while not in their official capacity and during noninstructional off-duty time.
b. Teachers may not promote any religious organization or practice at any time, including Bible study or prayer groups.
c. Teachers may not participate in any religious celebration but may organize and lead Bible studies during lunch hours (for which they are paid).
d. Teachers may not, at any time, participate in religious organization or practice while on or off duty, as they are public employees.
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Religious Freedom
Difficulty Level: Hard
23. How is the fundamental right to speak, publish, and act in the political space affirmed in the First Amendment defined?
a. freedom of expression
b. freedom of religion
c. freedom of speech
d. freedom of the press
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
24. Those who argued early for the importance of freedom of expression were influenced by which of the following laws?
a. the Anarchy Act
b. the Alien and Sedition Acts
c. the American Patriot Act
d. the Espionage Act
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Hard
25. The Clear and Present Danger Test is associated with which of the following cases?
a. New York Times v. United States
b. Abrams v. United States
c. Schenck v. United States
d. Gitlow v. United States
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. What is the major problem with the Clear and Present Danger Test?
a. subjectivity
b. objectivity
c. accountability
d. reliability
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
27. Which 1969 case set the modern standard for restrictions on political speech?
a. Brandenburg v. Ohio
b. Mapp v. Ohio
c. Abrams v. United States
d. New York Times v. United States
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. What is the current test for the restriction of political speech or action?
a. posing a clear and present danger
b. promoting or inciting imminent lawless action
c. threatening the dignity of the political process
d. calling for the overthrow government institutions
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Medium
29. How is protected expression in the form of images, signs, etc. best described?
a. protected speech
b. symbolic speech
c. dramatic speech
d. objective speech
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. The case of ______ established a three-pronged test of acceptable restrictions of symbolic speech.
a. United States v. O’Brien
b. Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School District
c. Mapp v. Ohio
d. Morse v. Frederick
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. Which of the following cases has been given the nickname "Bong Hits 4 Jesus”?
a. Mapp v. Ohio
b. Morse v. Frederick
c. United States v. O’Brien
d. Tinker v. Des Moines ISD
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. What term describes expression that defames a person’s character in writing or similar published media?
a. libel
b. slander
c. denigration
d. adulation
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. In the case of ______, the Supreme Court placed significant restrictions on the ability of the government to prevent publication.
a. New York Times v. United States
b. Washington Post v. New York Times
c. New York Times v. Sullivan
d. Washington Post v. United States
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Which of the following is one of the most common types of hate speech?
a. public protest
b. cross burning
c. flag burning
d. displaying a swastika
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. Expression of spoken, written, or symbolic speech that is likely to incite violence or disrupt the peace is defined as ______.
a. fighting words
b. hate speech
c. libel
d. slander
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
36. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court uphold restrictions on obscenity and pornography and establish a working definition?
a. Chaplinsky v. State of New York
b. United States v. Flynt
c. Roth v. United States
d. Pope v. Illinois
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. The right to peacefully assemble was incorporated in which of the following cases?
a. De Jonge v. Oregon
b. Tinker v. Des Moines ISD
c. Johnson v. Texas
d. Morse v. Frederick
Learning Objective: 4-2: Explain the first amendment protections granted to religion and political speech.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Easy
38. In which of the following court cases was ownership of certain types of weapons, such as sawed-off shotguns and machine guns, restricted by the Supreme Court?
a. Columbia v. Heller
b. McDonald v. Chicago
c. United States v. Miller
d. Miller v. Texas
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Second Amendment Today Applies to Personal Possession of Firearms
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. In which court case was the Second Amendment incorporated to the states?
a. Columbia v. Heller
b. McDonald v. Chicago
c. United States v. Miller
d. Miller v. Texas
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Second Amendment Today Applies to Personal Possession of Firearms
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. Which of the following is a prohibition on making something illegal and punishable when it was legal prior to the passage of a new law?
a. Article I
b. Article II
c. Article VI
d. Article VII
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice
Difficulty Level: Easy
41. Which of the following is a statement demanding that authorities in charge of a person’s detention establish reasons for it?
a. bill of attainder
b. petition of certiorari
c. writ of habeas corpus
d. ex post facto law
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
42. In which part of the Constitution is the right to demand a writ of habeas corpus enumerated?
a. Article I
b. Article II
c. Article III
d. Article IV
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
43. A judicial standard requiring that fairness be applied to all participants equally is described as _____.
a. inferential justice
b. procedural justice
c. incremental justice
d. criminal justice
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
44. What is a writ issued by a judge authorizing some law enforcement activity?
a. petition
b. warrant
c. subponea
d. declaration
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
45. Under the decision in Katz v. United States, law enforcement must not only obtain a warrant to conduct a search; they must also prove ______.
a. probable cause
b. guilt
c. innocence
d. motive
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
46. An officer stops a driver and orders him to open his trunk without probable cause, leading to his arrest. Later, the judge refuses the admission of any evidence obtained from the search. This would most likely be because of the ______ rule.
a. chain of custody
b. provisional
c. exclusionary
d. Miranda
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Medium
47. What is the most important way the Fifth Amendment provides protections for those accused of crimes?
a. assuring a speedy trial by a jury of their peers
b. guaranteeing processes and procedures for their defense
c. ensuring fair and reasonable search and seizure of evidence
d. prohibiting excessive bail and cruel/unusual punishment
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Medium
48. What term best describes the situation in which an individual is tried more than once for the exact same crime?
a. double jeopardy
b. indictment
c. habeas corpus
d. ex post facto
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
49. Besides protection from double jeopardy and the right to a grand jury in federal cases, perhaps the most sweeping protection of the Fifth Amendment is the protection against ______.
a. self-affiliation
b. self-conciliation
c. self-determination
d. self-incrimination
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
50. In which of the following cases did the Supreme Court require a specific warning be read to anyone who is suspected of criminal activity?
a. Gideon v. Wainwright
b. Miranda v. Arizona
c. Mapp v. Ohio
d. Furman v. Georgia
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice Difficulty Level: Easy
51. The right to a speedy trial was incorporated to the states in what year?
a. 1892
b. 1932
c. 1938
d. 1963
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice
Difficulty Level: Easy
52. Recently, the Supreme Court has extended its Gideon v. Wainwright decision by ______.
a. requiring free counsel in both criminal and civil cases
b. allowing those who cannot afford counsel to select their own attorney
c. requiring criminal defendants receive "effective” legal representation not just representation
d. requiring courts to pay legal defense expenses for any defendant regardless of ability to pay
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice
Difficulty Level: Medium
53. What term best describes an amount of money posted as a security to allow a charged individual to be freed while awaiting trial?
a. security
b. surety
c. bail
d. insurance
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice
Difficulty Level: Medium
54. The most contentious part of the Eighth Amendment today is arguments over ______.
a. excessive bail
b. cruel and unusual punishment
c. unreasonable search and seizure
d. forced self-incrimination
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice
Difficulty Level: Medium
55. The Tenth Amendment was created in order to protect ______.
a. federal power
b. states’ rights
c. the rights of the people
d. executive authority
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Ninth and Tenth Amendments Set Limits to Federal Power
Difficulty Level: Medium
56. Which of the following cases involved the right to use contraceptives?
a. United States v. Windsor
b. Griswold v. Connecticut
c. Lawrence v. Texas
d. Roe v. Wade
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
57. Which of the following is the foundational case involving a woman’s right to have an abortion?
a. United States v. Windsor
b. Griswold v. Connecticut
c. Lawrence v. Texas
d. Roe v. Wade
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Americans Defend Their Right to Marriage Equality in a Test of Civil Liberties
Difficulty Level: Easy
58. Thurgood Marshall’s legal team needed the Supreme Court to ______.
a. affirm the Plessy v. Ferguson case
b. agree that "separate but equal" was legal
c. overturn only the Scott v. Sandford case
d. declare that segregation itself is unequal
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
59. Ultimately, the Supreme Court’s Ruling in Scott v. Sandford (Dred Scott) threatened ______.
a. the constitutionality of any state laws against slavery
b. the objectivity of any ruling dealing with the slave trade
c. the subjectivity of the Constitution’s slavery clauses
d. the legality of slavery and segregation in Southern states
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
60. In December of 1860, the state of ______ made the threat of secession a reality.
a. Texas
b. Virginia
c. South Carolina
d. Florida
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
61. Which of the following was true of the Emancipation Proclamation?
a. It applied only to free states.
b. It applied only to states under rebellion.
c. It freed all slaves in every state.
d. It was seen as immediately effective.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
62. Which of the following amendments prohibited slavery in the United States?
a. the Thirteenth Amendment
b. the Fourteenth Amendment
c. the Fifteenth Amendment
d. the Nineteenth Amendment
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
63. What part of the Fourteenth Amendment served as the Constitutional basis for the NAACP assault on educational segregation in the South?
a. the Free Exercise Clause
b. the Establishment Clause
c. the Equal Protections Clause
d. the Due Process Clause
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
64. Which amendment to the Constitution allowed Congress to make laws necessary to affirm the voting rights of all freed men?
a. the Thirteenth Amendment
b. the Fourteenth Amendment
c. the Fifteenth Amendment
d. the Nineteenth Amendment
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
65. After winning major victories in the 1866 elections, what was passed by the Republican Congress?
a. First Reconstruction Act
b. Fourteenth Amendment
c. Fifteenth Amendment
d. Emancipation Proclamation
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
66. How did the Fourteenth Amendment explicitly exclude women from the right to vote?
a. specifically prohibiting female enfranchisement
b. specifying its application only to African Americans
c. using the word ”male” for the first time in the Constitution
d. associating itself only with the issue of slavery and reconstruction
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
67. Which of the following would be an example of a Jim Crow law?
a. literacy tests
b. prohibition of poll taxes
c. mandatory voter registration
d. intense desegregation efforts
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
68. Which of the following was the Court’s main defense for its decision in Plessy v. Ferguson?
a. Social prejudices cannot be overcome by legislation.
b. Separate but equal is inherently unequal.
c. The Fourteenth Amendment does not apply to African Americans.
d. The Court has no authority to establish policy in state matters.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Hard
69. Justice Harlan, the lone dissenter on the Supreme Court in the Plessy decision, argued which of the following?
a. Separate but equal is inherently unequal and should not be the law of the land.
b. Our Constitution is color blind and does not know or tolerate classes.
c. Our nation does not need Court-created policies to grant African American rights.
d. States should have full and sovereign control over their own laws and policies.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Hard
70. The research findings of psychologists Kenneth and Mamie Clark were based on which of the following experiments?
a. division of subjects into two segregated groups
b. heterogeneous groups of desegregated subjects
c. presentation of black and white dolls to young children
d. model classrooms comprised of both black and white students
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
71. The results of Drs. Clark and Clark’s psychological experiments were used as evidence of the ______.
a. need for continued segregation in social settings
b. psychological damage caused by desegregation
c. neutral impact of segregation in educational settings
d. psychological damage caused by segregation
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
72. In announcing its decision in the Brown v. Board cases, the Supreme Court ruled that "separate educational facilities are inherently ______.”
a. unfair
b. unenforceable
c. unequal
d. uncommon
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
73. For the first 10 years following the Brown v. Board decision, which branch of government had the greatest role in the fight for desegregation?
a. the states
b. the executive branch
c. the judicial branch
d. Congress
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
74. Which term is used to describe the intentional refusal to obey a law in order to call attention to its injustice?
a. popular dissonance
b. civic disorder
c. civil disobedience
d. Posse Comitatus
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
75. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 outlawed which of the following requirements?
a. residency
b. voter registration
c. literacy tests
d. voter ID
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
76. How many cases were included as a part of the Brown v. Board of Education case?
a. one
b. three
c. five
d. seven
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
77. As the Democratic party gained political power in southern states and the will of the Republican Party began to fade, what happened to the gains made by African Americans?
a. They grew in size and strength.
b. They began to disappear.
c. They stayed the same.
d. They were inconsequential.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
78. Which of the following was Thurgood Marshall’s most important contribution as chief counsel in the NAACP’s fight for desegregation?
a. ability to coordinate protests
b. ability to coordinate multiple cases
c. organizational skills
d. attention to detail
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Hard
79. Which major legal victory did the NAACP and Thurgood Marshall win in 1954?
a. United States v. Windsor
b. Brown v. Board of Education
c. Loving v. Virginia
d. Bowder v. Gale
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
80. The Court’s decision in Brown had intentionally avoided stating a ______.
a. definition of desegregation
b. timeline on achieving integration
c. remedy for segregated schools
d. requirement for the desegregation of schools
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
81. In its 1955 Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka II decision, the Court ordered compliance with the Brown I case with all "______.”
a. immediacy
b. urgency
c. deliberate speed
d. available resources
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
82. Which of the following best describes the level of compliance of southern states to Brown II?
a. actively resistant
b. decisive and conclusive
c. reluctantly compliant
d. fast and comprehensive
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
83. In the case of Gratz v. Bollinger, the Court ruled ______ was/were unconstitutional.
a. affirmative action
b. entrance exams
c. application essays
d. a points system
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
84. In the case of Grutter v. Bollinger, the Court affirmed the possibility of using ______ in admission decisions.
a. racial and ethnic identity
b. physical and social maturity
c. entrance exams and interviews
d. academic transcripts and essays
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
85. A policy designed to address the consequences of previous discrimination by providing advantages to individuals based upon their identities is defined as ______.
a. assistive policy
b. administrative law
c. assertive justice
d. affirmative action
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
86. Which of the following was the most crucial legal component to the second-wave fight for women’s rights?
a. the Nineteenth Amendment
b. the Civil Rights Act of 1964
c. the Voting Rights Act of 1965
d. the Equal Rights Amendment
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
Difficulty Level: Easy
87. Which second-wave women’s rights leader impacted the movement through her 1963 book The Feminine Mystique?
a. Bella Abzug
b. Cady Stanton
c. Betty Friedan
d. Maya Angelou
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
Difficulty Level: Easy
88. Which of the following best describes the ultimate fate of the Equal Rights Amendment?
a. proposed and ratified
b. ratified but not enforced
c. proposed but not ratified
d. neither proposed nor ratified
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
Difficulty Level: Easy
89. Which of the following Supreme Court standards applies to gender discrimination?
a. strict scrutiny
b. intermediate scrutiny
c. reasonableness
d. rational basis
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
Difficulty Level: Easy
90. Cases based on gender discrimination have generally been judged based on which of the following?
a. Title IX of the Higher Education Act
b. the Fourteenth Amendment
c. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
d. Title 42 of the Civil Rights Act of 1968
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
Difficulty Level: Medium
True/False
1. Fundamental rights and freedoms citizens possess and that are protected from unreasonable government are referred to as civil rights.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
2. The Tenth Amendment grants states “reserved powers.”
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Answer Location: The Ninth and Tenth Amendments Set Limits to Federal Power
3. Procedural justice means that the result is less important than the procedure if the outcome is just.
Learning Objective: 4-3: Identify the civil liberties extended to the accused in the Bill of Rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Criminal Rights Are Secured Through Procedural Justice
4. The Bill of Rights was included with the original draft of the Constitution in 1787.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
5. The Bill of Rights was originally intended to contain the first 12 amendments to the Constitution.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
6. The main supporters of a federal Bill of Rights were the Federalists.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
7. Alexander Hamilton’s concern for "rights not enumerated” would be addressed in the Ninth Amendment to the Constitution.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
8. Selective incorporation means that the Supreme Court used the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment selectively to expand the protections within the Bill of Rights to apply to the states.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
9. The primary mechanism used to incorporate the Bill of Rights to the states is the Due Process Clause of the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
10. Selective incorporation involves the piecemeal application of individual rights on a case-by-case basis by the Supreme Court over time.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
11. The Alien and Sedition Acts were designed to protect the freedom of press.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
12. The Thirteenth Amendment freed slaves permanently.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
13. The cases included in arguments for Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas, dealt with whether it was constitutionally permissible to legally segregate African American and white children in public schools on the basis of race.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. The main worry of Thurgood Marshall and his team in the Brown v. Board case was that the Supreme Court might disagree with the argument that African American students had been treated unfairly.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
15. In its decision, the Supreme Court ruled that the standing policy of “separate but equal” was inherently unequal.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
16. The Constitutional basis for the assault on educational segregation in the courts was the Equal Protection Clause of the Fifteenth Amendment.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Medium
17. Southern states actively embraced the Court’s order to desegregate their public schools.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
18. According to data presented in the textbook, more than 50% of public schools in the South were desegregated within a year of the Brown v. Board decision.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
19. The quest for women’s rights was fully achieved once the Ninteenth Amendment was passed.
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
20. Wyoming was the first state to grant women the right to vote before 1920.
Learning Objective: 4-5: Describe the challenges women faced in securing their civil rights.
Answer Location: Securing Civil Rights for American Women
Short Answer
1. Civil liberties are often called ______ because they restrict the actions of the government.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Introduction
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee against any state’s deprivation of “life, liberty, or property . . . ” is often called the ______ Clause.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. The Supreme Court’s piecemeal application of the Bill of Rights to the states on a case-by-case basis is called ______.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. In its decision in what would be known as Brown II, the Supreme Court ordered schools across the nation (including the South) to be integrated with “______.”
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The 2003 case of ______ affirmed the possibility of using racial and ethnic identity in admission decisions for higher education.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Easy
Essay
1. Discuss the debate and essential compromises made between Federalists and Anti-Federalists over the inclusion of a Bill of Rights in the Constitution.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. In what way(s) is the "Clear and Present Danger Test” for political speech valid today? How can it be applied in a post–9/11 age with increasing access to high-tech communication devices?
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Application and Analysis
Answer Location: The First Amendment Protects Free Expression of Political Beliefs
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Discuss the role of the Fourteenth Amendment in incorporating individual rights to the states.
Learning Objective: 4-1: Describe the civil liberties protected by the Constitution, the amendments to it, and the process by which they were incorporated in order to restrict state actions.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Civil Liberties Limit Government Intrusion
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Explain and analyze the role of affirmative action in the higher education process and describe actions taken by the courts with regard to the legality of affirmative action programs.
The courts have addressed affirmative action, particularly in regard to higher education, with a series of court rulings. In the 1978 case Regents of the University of California v. Bakke, the use of quotas was addressed and considered by the courts, with the decision that quota systems violate the rights of White applicants in an unfair manner. In Gratz v. Bollinger, the use of point systems was considered by the Court, with the Court finding that points systems were unconstitutional but the use of racial or ethnic identity as consideration for admission decisions were upheld. The key to affirmative action in higher education settings has to do with the “compelling interest” standard established in the Grutter v. Bollinger case. This policy says that universities may use race as a factor as long as they can show a “compelling interest” to do so. This policy is intended to ensure a diverse student body, and schools may use such data if they can show it is intended to create or improve upon a diverse student body.
Student analysis as to effectiveness and need for affirmative action should be included in answers and will vary by student.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Describe and analyze the problem of “intersectionality” with regard to the rise of multiracial identification in recent census surveys.
Student answers may vary for this question but should address the topics given above in the sample answer.
Learning Objective: 4-4: Trace the efforts to secure civil rights for African Americans.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Civil Rights Secure Americans' Equality Under Law
Difficulty Level: Hard
Document Information
Connected Book
Test Bank | American Gov Brief Ed. 1e by Scott F. Abernathy
By Scott F. Abernathy