Chapter.14 Verified Test Bank Aggression And Violence - Model Test Questions | Psychology of Sex and Gender 2e by Bosson by Jennifer K. Bosson. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 14: Aggression and Violence
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Which of the following is a necessary component in social psychologists’ definition of aggression?
A. intention
B. physical contact
C. premeditation
D. emotion
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Which of the following would count as aggression according to the social psychology definition?
A. throwing a rock at a tree and accidentally hitting someone
B. screaming hurtful words into a pillow when no one else can hear
C. smashing one’s tennis racket after losing a point
D. undermining someone’s reputation via gossip
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. What best describes how researchers typically differentiate between the meanings of violence and aggression?
A. Not all violence is aggression but all aggression is violence.
B. Violence includes all forms of direct aggression but not indirect aggression.
C. Researchers typically use violence and aggression interchangeably.
D. Violence usually refers to severe forms of physical aggression.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Liam screams hurtful insults in Ewan’s face, but Ewan laughs and walks away. Which type of aggression best characterizes Liam’s behavior?
A. Social psychologists would not classify this behavior as aggression.
B. physical and indirect
C. relational and direct
D. verbal and direct
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Hard
5. Natalie spreads nasty rumors about Daisy that harm her reputation and cause others to treat her poorly. Which type of aggression best characterizes Natalie’s behavior?
A. Social psychologists would not classify this behavior as aggression.
B. indirect
C. direct
D. physical
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. During which age range are men most likely to be involved in violent crime?
A. 16–25
B. 26–35
C. 36–45
D. 46–55
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Physical Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Which of the following percentages approximately captures the rate of violent crimes committed by women in the United States?
A. 5%
B. 20%
C. 50%
D. close to 0%
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex Differences in Perpetrating Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Which of the following describes sex differences in physical aggression?
A. Men tend to be more physically aggressive in the real world but not in the laboratory.
B. Differences vary greatly and are inconsistent across cultures.
C. Differences do not emerge until late in development.
D. Effect sizes tend to fall in the medium to large range.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Physical Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Researchers examining sex differences in physical aggression in laboratory environments find that which of the following increases the size of the disparity?
A. using older participants
B. highlighting participants’ identities by giving them nametags
C. directly provoking aggression
D. running the study in the morning rather than the evening
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Physical Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. More recent meta-analyses of relational aggression find what kind of sex differences?
A. Small sex differences only emerge in older participants using methods other than self-report.
B. Small sex differences emerge but only among young children.
C. Sex differences are largest in self-report data.
D. Sex differences only emerge in environments where there are larger proportions of women than men.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Relational Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Which of the following best describes sex differences in cyberbullying?
A. Girls are more likely to cyberbully than boys until their mid-20s.
B. Boys are more likely than girls to cyberbully at a young age but then become more prone to traditional bullying as they mature.
C. They are small and depend upon age.
D. Sex differences only emerge in adulthood and favor males.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bullying and Cyberbullying
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Which of the following groups is most likely to be targeted with violent crimes?
A. white men
B. Black men
C. white women
D. Black women
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex Differences in Experiencing Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
13. Which of the following is TRUE of violent victimization?
A. Male LGBTQ individuals experience various forms of aggression more often than female LGBTQ individuals.
B. Women are targeted with intimate partner violence substantially more frequently than men.
C. Crime statistics reveal that women are more likely than men to be the victims of almost all types of violent crime.
D. Sex is the strongest predictor of violence risk.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex Differences in Experiencing Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. For which of the following types of violent crimes are women more likely than men to be victims?
A. aggravated assault
B. armed robbery
C. homicides
D. sexual assault
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex Differences in Experiencing Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. ______ refers to behavior that interrogates or humiliates an individual based on their sex, sexual orientation, or gender identity.
A. Sex-based harassment
B. Sexual assault
C. Sexual violence
D. Sexual prejudice
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. Ian is Hayden’s mentor in graduate school. Ian offers to introduce Hayden to influential people within his field in exchange for sexual favors. This is an example of ______.
A. gender harassment
B. quid pro quo harassment
C. hostile environment harassment
D. physical harassment
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Hard
17. Which category of sex-based harassment involves negative speech or behaviors and often takes place between two individuals of equal status?
A. sexual coercion
B. quid pro quo harassment
C. hostile environment harassment
D. physical harassment
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Easy
18. Which of the following types of sex-based harassment do middle and high school students report experiencing most frequently?
A. being shown sexual or pornographic images
B. groping and unwanted touching
C. quid pro quo arrangements
D. unwelcome sexual comments or jokes
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Easy
19. Which of the following describes a culture with high levels of power distance?
A. a culture that accepts unequally distributed levels of status and power
B. a society where power is dispersed over a large group of people
C. cultures where people can easily move from positions of low to high power
D. a society in which high and low power individuals rarely interact
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Medium
20. Cultures characterized by ______ tend to contain higher frequencies of sex-based harassment.
A. internet dependence
B. collectivism
C. individualism
D. mental illness
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Easy
21. On average, people raised in which of the following countries will be most susceptible to blaming the victims of sexual violence?
A. India
B. United States
C. Germany
D. the Netherlands
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Hard
22. Berdahl (2007) argues that the primary motivation for sex-based harassment is ______.
A. deficits in impulse control
B. schadenfreude
C. desires to protect one’s sex-based status
D. sexual desire
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Medium
23. Evidence that women in male-dominated organizations experience more harassment than women in female-dominated organizations may support which of the following explanations of sex-based harassment?
A. deficits in impulse control
B. schadenfreude
C. desires to protect one’s sex-based status and power
D. sexual desire
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Medium
24. The earliest research on ______ type of violence framed it largely in terms of male violence against women.
A. assault
B. homicide
C. intimate partner violence
D. robbery
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intimate Partner Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
25. Which of the following types of aggression does research consistently show is committed more frequently by men?
A. intimate terrorism
B. situational couple violence
C. intimate partner violence
D. cyberbullying
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Intimate Partner Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
26. ______ is a term coined by Michael Johnson (2008) that describes situations when heated conflicts get out of hand and escalate unpredictably into violence.
A. Intimate terrorism
B. Situational couple violence
C. Domestic violence
D. Violent escalation
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Intimate Partner Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
27. The key element that distinguishes most researcher’s definition of sexual assault broadly and rape more specifically is ______
A. intention
B. penetration
C. consent
D. harm
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sexual Violence: Rape and Sexual Assault
Difficulty Level: Easy
28. Relative to women in general, which of the following groups is especially vulnerable to sexual violence?
A. women over 50
B. girls and women with developmental disabilities
C. women who live in wealthy neighborhoods
D. homemakers in conservative households
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
29. An individual who was intoxicated during a rape who did not fight back or say “no” may be especially prone to the phenomenon ______.
A. cognitive dissonance
B. Stockholm syndrome
C. unacknowledged rape
D. rape suppression
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
30. Black women are more likely to be sexually assaulted via ______, and White women are more likely to be sexually assaulted via ______.
A. incapacitation with drugs; physical force
B. physical force; incapacitation with drugs
C. coercion; incapacitation with drugs
D. incapacitation with drugs; coercion
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
31. Which of the following is an example of a rape myth?
A. Women almost always tell the truth about being raped.
B. Men can’t be raped.
C. No one wants or deserves to be raped.
D. Rape often occurs among dating couples.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
32. Which of the following is TRUE of perpetrators of sexual violence?
A. Men commit over 90% of all rapes in the United States.
B. Rapists use weapons in the majority of assaults.
C. Rape usually occurs between strangers.
D. Most rapes that target men are committed by women.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who Commits Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
33. Victims of sexual violence who lack ______ are especially vulnerable to negative impacts upon psychological and physical health.
A. warm personality traits
B. social support
C. system justifying beliefs
D. religious beliefs
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Aftermath of Sexual Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
34. Which of the following is a primary reason cited by survivors of sexual assault for not reporting the incident to the police?
A. feeling like they lack proof
B. fear that the police will take it too seriously
C. feeling that it’s not that big of a deal
D. feeling like they don’t want justice
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Aftermath of Sexual Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
35. Consider the following hypothetical newspaper headlines discussing sexual violence. Which of them best illustrates victim blaming?
A. Binge drinking increases perpetrators likelihood of groping new research shows.
B. Presumed gangbang victim had consumed too much alcohol.
C. Victims of sexual assault at hands of university professor step forward.
D. Date rape drugs commonly used in celebrity cases of sexual misconduct.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: The Aftermath of Sexual Violence
Difficulty Level: Hard
36. Which of the following is associated with increased blame attributed to the victims of rape?
A. the person attributing blame being female (relative to male)
B. the perpetrator being a woman (relative to a man)
C. the victim being a Black woman (relative to a white woman)
D. the victim being a heterosexual male (relative to a gay male)
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Aftermath of Sexual Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
37. The case of Brock Turner, a Stanford student convicted of three felony counts of sexual assault who only received 6 months in county jail, may serve as an example of what bias that often emerges in the aftermath of sexual violence?
A. white people of privilege facing more lenient repercussions of sexual violence
B. The public’s reaction is dictated heavily by outrage on social media.
C. People take crimes featured in the mass media less seriously.
D. People are less likely to blame perpetrators of sexual violence targeting unconscious victims.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Aftermath of Sexual Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
38. Theory and research support that as societal attitudes toward LGBTQ people become more positive in Western cultures, ______.
A. acts of violence toward the LGBTQ community may decrease
B. acts of violence toward the LGBTQ community remain the same
C. acts of violence toward the LGBTQ community may increase
D. rates of homophobia and transphobia decrease
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence Against LGBTQ Populations
Difficulty Level: Easy
39. The confluence model of sexual aggression posits two primary factors that predict men’s sexual aggression against women ______.
A. hostile attitudes and preference for impersonal sex
B. deficiencies in empathy and in impulse control
C. sociocultural environment and genetic predispositions
D. personality traits and gender role socialization
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Explains Gender-Based Aggression and Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
40. Which of the following has been shown to predict male-to-female sexual assault among men?
A. outgoing personality
B. assertiveness
C. adverse childhood events
D. small physical size
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What Explains Gender-Based Aggression and Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
41. The fact that jealousy is the most frequent reason offered for male-initiated intimate partner violence directly supports which approach or theory?
A. perspectives based on genetics
B. sociocultural approaches
C. evolutionary psychology
D. individual or personality approaches
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Evolved Jealousy
Difficulty Level: Medium
42. Male initiated intimate partner violence driven by retaliation over infidelity is especially likely in/among ______.
A. racial and ethnic minorities
B. Western cultures
C. honor cultures
D. societies loan socioeconomic status
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Honor Cultures
Difficulty Level: Medium
43. In cultures that emphasize and hold family honor as sacred, women who ______ are vulnerable to extreme violence and threats of death.
A. receive an education
B. work outside the home
C. reject men or deny sex
D. expose themselves to Western cultural norms
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Honor Cultures
Difficulty Level: Medium
44. Which of the following behaviors best exemplifies the predictions of the precarious manhood hypothesis?
A. James laughs off a public insult to his masculinity.
B. Christopher opens the door for his girlfriend in front of a crowd.
C. Domhnall punches a man at a bar for making fun of his “girly” drink.
D. John hangs a pair of “truck-nuts” from the back of his pickup.
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Precarious Manhood
Difficulty Level: Hard
45. ______ is(are) an example of ritualized sexual aggression that is a core part of cultural identity for many cultures.
A. Rites of passage
B. Dowry deaths
C. Honor killings
D. Female genital mutilation
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Power and Structural Gender Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
46. The observation that the countries in the European Union with the highest levels of intimate partner violence also tend to rank high in gender equality is consistent with which of the following perspectives?
A. the socioeconomic dependence perspective
B. cultures of honor
C. the evolutionary perspective
D. the status inconsistency perspective
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Power and Structural Gender Inequality
Difficulty Level: Medium
47. Which of the following theories most directly addresses sexual violence that is NOT male-to-female?
A. evolutionary theories
B. I3 theory
C. theories rooted in honor cultures
D. theories of patriarchy and power differences
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: I3 Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
48. Evidence that intimate partner violence is best predicted by a combination of weak inhibitory control and strong provocation most directly supports ______.
A. evolutionary theories
B. I3 theory
C. theories rooted in honor cultures
D. theories of patriarchy and power differences
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: I3 Theory
Difficulty Level: Easy
49. The sexual callousness model argues that repeated exposure to pornography can increase sexually aggressive tendencies by ______.
A. decreasing general capacities for empathic concern
B. desensitizing men to sexually aggressive behavior
C. increasing sexual urges
D. increasing hostilely sexist attitudes
Learning Objective: 14.4: Use research findings on gender-based violence to understand the relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Pornography and Sexual Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
50. What best describes the state of research examining links between pornography and sexual violence?
A. Both the correlational and experimental research provides conflicting evidence of the effects of pornography upon sexual aggression.
B. The literature consistently shows a correlational, but not causal link between pornography exposure and sexual aggression.
C. Real-world and laboratory data combine to support a causal effect of pornography exposure upon sexual aggression.
D. The present state of the literature finds no relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Learning Objective: 14.4: Use research findings on gender-based violence to understand the relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Pornography and Sexual Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
True/False
1. A child purposefully, but harmlessly, striking his father repeatedly in a temper tantrum would not count as aggression according to the social psychology definition.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Men in the United States account for about 80% of violent crime arrests, and this pattern is consistent across culture.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Physical Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Sex differences in physical aggression emerge as early as age 3 and fall in the medium to large effect size range.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Physical Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
4. Girls and women are more likely than men to aggress via insults.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Verbal Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. Substantial sex differences exist in overall relational aggression (e.g., gossip).
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Relational Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
6. Being the perpetrator of bullying, as well as the victim is associated with increased suicide risk.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Bullying and Cyberbullying
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Both men and women are about equally as likely to be the targets of intimate partner violence, although women tend to suffer more serious physical injury than men do.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex Differences in Experiencing Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
8. Nearly 20% of women in the United States report being raped at least once in their lifetime.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Polyvictimization predicts more severe trauma symptoms than experience the same type of aggression repeatedly.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Rape typically occurs between strangers.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Who Commits Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. A recent meta-analysis concluded that roughly one in five rape allegations are false.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: The Aftermath of Sexual Violence
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. The most common form of sex-based harassment is unwanted touching or groping.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Sex-based harassment tends to be more common and less harshly punished in individualistic, Western cultures.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Easy
14. The countries in the European Union with the highest levels of intimate partner violence also tend to consistently rank highest in the world in gender equality.
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Power and Structural Gender Inequality
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Literature reviews consistently find evidence of a causal relationship between pornography exposure and sexual aggression.
Learning Objective: 14.4: Use research findings on gender-based violence to understand the relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Pornography and Sexual Aggression
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. According to the definitions typically used by psychologists, what is the difference between aggression and violence? Provide an example of behavior that is considered violence and an example that is considered aggression but not violence.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Aggression and Violence
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Describe two factors that have been shown to influence the size of the sex difference in physical aggression.
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Physical Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Briefly describe what evidence, if any, supports the “mean girls” stereotype (that women are especially likely to hurt each other with social exclusion and false rumors).
Learning Objective: 14.1: Analyze research on sex differences and similarities across different types of aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Relational Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Describe the two types of intimate partner violence identified by Johnson (2008). How do they help explain the frequency of intimate partner violence committed by men and women, respectively?
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Situational Couple Violence Versus Intimate Terrorism
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. What are “rape myths” (provide an example in your answer) and how do they contribute to the phenomenon of unacknowledged rape?
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: How Common Is Sexual Violence?
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. Briefly explain what Berdahl (2007) proposes is the primary motivation for sex-based harassment.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Medium
7. Explain both the predictions of the socioeconomic dependence perspective and the status inconsistency perspective regarding intimate partner violence.
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Power and Structural Gender Inequality
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Identify one biological and one sociocultural factor that contribute to gender-based aggression. Summarize the evidence that supports each of these factors influencing gender-based aggression.
Learning Objective: 14.3: Discuss biological and sociocultural factors that explain sex differences in gender-based aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: What Explains Gender-Based Aggression and Violence?
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Define sex-based harassment and describe the three different types of relevant behavior identified by psychologists. Describe what type of sex-based harassment tends to be the most common and explain differences in the prevalence of sex-based harassment across Eastern and Western cultures. Explain the role of both power distance and collectivism versus individualism in your response.
Learning Objective: 14.2: Evaluate the gender dynamics of sex-based harassment, intimate partner violence, and sexual assault.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Sex-Based Harassment
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Summarize the current state of the evidence supporting a link between pornography consumption and sexual aggression. What is the sexual callousness model and what evidence is there supporting or conflicting with it? Describe both correlational and experimental evidence in your response.
Learning Objective: 14.4: Use research findings on gender-based violence to understand the relationship between pornography and sexual aggression.
Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Pornography and Sexual Aggression
Difficulty Level: Medium
Document Information
Connected Book
Model Test Questions | Psychology of Sex and Gender 2e by Bosson
By Jennifer K. Bosson