Chapter.12 Food Security, Population, and Test Bank Docx 1e

Chapter 12

Multiple Choice Questions

1. Of the 26 nations listed as the World’s Hungriest Countries, only _______ does not lie in Africa or Asia.
   1. Haiti
   2. Cuba
   3. Nicaragua
   4. Belarus
2. Which of these factors is not an FAO dimension of food security?
   1. Food availability
   2. Affordable access
   3. Food Sovereignty
   4. Household and physiological utilization
   5. Temporal stability.
3. Considering the global situation in land used for agriculture, which of these facts is true?
   1. Agricultural land per capita has increased since 1961.
   2. Irrigated agricultural land per capita has increased slightly since 1961.
   3. Maintaining present levels of irrigation is unlikely because of unsustainable withdrawals of groundwater.
   4. Further increases in cultivated land area would slow climate change.
   5. All of the above.
4. Regions that are overpumping aquifers for agriculture include
   1. North China Plains
   2. Great Plains of the United States
   3. Multiple states in India
   4. All of the above.
   5. None of the above.
5. Which of these statements is true regarding African agriculture?
   1. Sub-Saharan Africa today produces roughly enough food to meet caloric needs.
   2. Wastage and poor distribution systems lead to widespread undernourishment.
   3. Given even low population projections, Africa’s food supply will need to increase by more than 2/3 to feed its mid-century population.
   4. All of the above.
   5. None of the above.
6. Smallholder farmers in developing countries feed ____ of the world’s people
   1. 80%
   2. 60%
   3. 40%
   4. 20%
   5. None of the above.
7. The “hunger trap” describes a situation in which
   1. Stressed people feel hungry much of the time and eat too much, a primary cause of obesity.
   2. Hungry people lack sufficient nutritional energy to participate successfully in the economy.
   3. Deforestation occurs because more agricultural land is needed to feed growing numbers of hungry people.
   4. People suffering from micronutrient deficiencies do not feel hungry much of the time.
   5. None of the above.
8. Malnourished mothers
   1. Are more likely to bear stunted children.
   2. Are more likely to need a Caesarian section when they deliver.
   3. Are more likely to experience hemorrhage during childbirth because they are anemic.
   4. All of the above.
   5. None of the above.
9. Providing equal access for women farmers to agricultural resources
   1. Could increase food production in developing countries by 2.5%-4%.
   2. Could reduce the number of hungry people by 12%-17%.
   3. Could reduce the number of hungry people by 100 to 150 million—many of whom are women and their children.
   4. All of the above.
   5. None of the above.
10. The “demographic trap” describes
    1. A situation in which rapid population growth outruns economic development, leaving countries trapped in poverty and food insecurity.
    2. A situation where child marriage is the cultural norm, so most young women began to reproduce as soon as they are biologically capable of doing so, thus leading to higher fertility rates.
    3. A situation where countries lower their fertility rates too fast, thus contributing to a rapidly aging population that will have to be supported by a much smaller workforce.
    4. All of the above.
    5. None of the above.
11. In order to achieve sustainable intensification of global agriculture, which of the following approaches, does the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) recommend?
    1. Agroecology
    2. Organic agriculture
    3. improved crop cultivars, achieved by conventional plant breeding guided by modern genetic mapping, and perhaps by genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
    4. All of the above.
    5. None of the above.
12. According to the chapter’s author, which geographic area is “ground-zero for food security?
    1. China
    2. Southern India
    3. Sub-Saharan Africa
    4. All of the above.
    5. None of the above.

True/False Questions

1. T F The persistence of hunger in the world at the present time results primarily from the distribution of nutritional resources, not the absolute quantity available.
2. T F Between 1990 and 2015, the number of hungry people in Africa increased.
3. T F Between 1990 and 2015, the proportion of hungry people in Africa increased.
4. T F Worldwide, oil prices affect the cost of food.
5. T F In the long term, industrial agriculture is unsubstainable, thus posing a threat to future food security.
6. T F Application of industrial agricultural methods in developed countries has led to depletion of soil faster than it is replaced by natural processes.
7. T F In traditional societies, women farmers typically produce 10%-20% higher yields than male farmers.
8. T F Meeting the MDG goal of halving world hunger is unlikely as long as long as decisions are driven almost exclusively by maximizing economic growth.
9. T F If a woman is too thin, she does not ovulate.
10. T F In its policymakers guide for the needed transition toward “sustainable intensification” of global agriculture, the FAO absolutely ruled out the use of genetically modified organisms (GMOs).
11. T F Improvements in nutrition contributed little to late 20^th century population growth.
12. T F Long-term stability of food security requires cessation of population growth.
13. T F In today’s world, food insecurity is only a concern for developing countries.
14. T F Food insecurity played a role in the tragic 1994 Rwandan genocide.

Short Answer Questions (Suggested Main Points listed)

1. According to the Integrated Food Security Phase Classification, what are the five phases of food insecurity?
   1. None/Minimal
   2. Stressed
   3. Crisis
   4. Emergency
   5. Humanitarian Catastrophe/Famine
2. Which dimensions of the status of women have been shown to reduce fertility rates?
   1. Education of girls.
   2. Women’s labor force participation

Essay Questions (Suggested Main Points listed)

1. How does maternal malnutrition affect maternal and infant health?
   1. The consequences of undernutrition in mothers and children include 3.5 million deaths annually, 35% of the disease burden for children between birth and age 5, and 11% of the global total of “disability adjusted lost years.”
   2. Short stature in mothers caused by malnutrition is a risk factor for caesarian delivery and anemia creates risk of hemorrhage.
   3. Together, the two factors above account for at least 20% of maternal deaths in childbirth.
2. What is “hidden hunger” and why is it important?
   1. Occurs in an estimated 2 billion people worldwide.
   2. Due to a lack of critical vitamins and minerals, even in a diet that provides adequate caloric intake.
   3. Examples:
      1. Iron deficiency anemia degrades maternal and infant health, slows physical and cognitive development in children, and diminishes adult work capacity.
      2. Iodine deficiency impacts maternal health and fetal development, particularly reducing mental capacity.
      3. Vitamin A deficiency impairs the immune system and leads to impaired vision and blindness.
      4. Zinc and folate deficiencies also impact maternal health and fetal development.