Chapter 8 What Causes Us To Hold Biases Against + Test Bank

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 1

1)

During the selective _______ part of the perception process, Richard picks out cues from his cultural landscape, selectively choosing from incoming data.

Page reference:See section “Selective Attention.”

a.#

selection

b.#

interpretation

c.#

attention

d.#

organization and labeling

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 2

2)

When we group our perceptions andlabelthese groupingswith a symbol or name,we partake inthe process of human perception known as

Page reference:See section “Selective Organization and Labeling.”

a.#

selective attention.

b.#

selective organization and labeling.

c.#

selective interpretation.

d.#

mindful stereotyping.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 3

3)

Included in the interpretation step of the perception process is a move beyond“interpretation,” in which individuals arrive at a(n)

Page reference:See section “Selective Organization and Labeling.”

a.#

selective organization.

b.#

selective labeling.

c.#

evaluative judgment.

d.#

selective attention.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 4

4)

Considering the views and standards of our own ingroup as much more important than those of any outgroup is a description of

Page reference:See section “Ethnocentrism and Communication.”

a.#

selection.

b.#

ethnocentrism.

c.#

attribution.

d.#

organization.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 5

5)

As a minority group member, when Naomi interacts with members of the dominant ethnic group in her culture, she is asked insensitive questions and is spoken to very slowly. She is experiencing the degree of ethnocentrism called the distance of

Page reference:See section “Differences of Indifference, Avoidance, and Disparagement.”

a.#

avoidance.

b.#

disparagement.

c.#

indifference.

d.#

violence.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 6

6)

A person who tells racist jokes and uses hate-filled speech to denigrate members of other cultures has high ethnocentrism andbehaves in a way reflective ofthe distance of

Page reference:See section “Differences of Indifference, Avoidance, and Disparagement.”

a.#

indifference.

b.#

avoidance.

c.#

disparagement.

d.#

denial of cultural difference.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 7

7)

Mai believes that all cultures are the same as her own superior culture and that all other cultural communities should follow hercultural norms and practices. According to the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS), Mai is in which state of ethnocentrism?

Page reference:See section“Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS).”

a.#

Minimization of cultural difference

b.#

Adaptation tocultural difference

c.#

Denial of cultural difference

d.#

Acceptance of cultural difference

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 8

8)

According to the Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity, in the “_______ of cultural difference” stage/state, individuals intentionally incorporate diverse cultural worldviews into their identity.

Page reference:See section“Developmental Model of Intercultural Sensitivity (DMIS).”

a.#

adaptation

b.#

minimization

c.#

acceptance

d.#

integration

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 9

9)

According to the stereotype content model, “perception of warmth” is based on if we perceive there is/are _______ between our country and another country.

Page reference:See section “Stereotypes and Communication.”

a.#

adequate technological links

b.#

competition or cooperation

c.#

status differences

d.#

exploitation

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 10

10)

In _______ stereotyping, we assume that the categories we have been using are merely “first best guesses” rather than definitive answers.

Page reference:See section “Stereotypes: We Are What We Watch.”

a.#

mindless or inflexible

b.#

ethnocentric

c.#

objective

d.#

mindful or flexible

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 11

11)

When we engage in_______ stereotyping, we use rigid categories to evaluate the behaviors of outgroup members.

Page reference:See section “Stereotypes: We Are What We Watch.”

a.#

mindless

b.#

ethnorelative

c.#

mindful

d.#

structural

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 12

12)

Which isnota characteristic of mindful stereotyping?

Page reference:See section “Stereotypes: We Are What We Watch.”

a.#

Premature closure

b.#

Information openness

c.#

Loose interpretations

d.#

Willingness to change categories

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 13

13)

Thom spends a lot of time with his fraternity brothers. The more time he spends with this ingroup, the greater the expectations of

Page reference:See section “Group Membership Struggles.”

a.#

conformity.

b.#

prejudice.

c.#

negativity.

d.#

self-effacement.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 14

14)

Richard observes a study-abroad student throw her books down on the desk. He engages in _______ as he attempts to find a reason or explanation for why she behaved this way.

Page reference:See section “Intergroup Attribution Biases.”

a.#

ethnocentrism

b.#

perception

c.#

identity

d.#

attribution

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 15

15)

Samantha attributed herAon her exam to her natural intelligence and another student’sAto his bribing the teacher.This demonstrates which attribution principle?

Page reference:See section “Intergroup Attribution Biases.”

a.#

Favorable self-bias and other-derogation principle

b.#

Principle of negativity

c.#

Self-effacement bias

d.#

Underestimating situational factors

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 16

16)

The fundamental attribution error includes the explanation that we tend to _______ negative personality factors in explaining a stranger’s negative event and _______ situational factors.

Page reference:See section “Intergroup Attribution Biases.”

a.#

overestimate; underestimate

b.#

underestimate; overestimate

c.#

attribute; perceive

d.#

perceive; select

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 17

17)

According to the text, whenan outgroup memberis fired fromtheirjob, we tend to use _______ attributions to explain this event.

Page reference:See section “Intergroup Attribution Biases.”

a.#

positive dispositional

b.#

situational

c.#

negative dispositional

d.#

neutral

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 18

18)

According to thetext, “fundamental attribution error” refers to the idea of underestimating_______ factors and overestimating _______ factors in explaining outgroup members’ undesirable events.

Page reference:See section “Intergroup Attribution Biases.”

a.#

situational; dispositional

b.#

personality; ethical

c.#

situational; ethical

d.#

dispositional; situational

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 19

19)

_______ generally describe(s) an individual’s feelings and predispositions toward outgroup members in a negative direction.

Page reference:See section “Prejudice: Multiple Explanations and Functions.”

a.#

Prejudice

b.#

Fundamental attribution error

c.#

Situational attributions

d.#

Dispositional attributions

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 20

20)

Much of Jay’s prejudice toward a particular minority group in his culture involves seeing himself as a victim and blaming the minority group for taking all the jobs. This illustrates which theory or approach to prejudice?

Page reference:See section “Prejudice: Multiple Explanations and Functions.”

a.#

Exploitation theory

b.#

Scapegoating theory

c.#

Authoritarian personality approach

d.#

Structural approach

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter 8 Question 21

21)

During the post–Civil War era in the United States, government institutions promoted a policy whereby only those who owned land or were literate could vote, thereby negating the chances for newlyfreed individualsto vote and continuing their plight. To which theory or approach to the development of prejudice does this explanation relate?

Page reference:See section “Prejudice: Multiple Explanations and Functions.”

a.#

Exploitation theory

b.#

Scapegoating theory

c.#

Authoritarian personality approach

d.#

Structural approach

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 22

22)

The test bias in some of the national standardized tests that privileged upper-class collegestudentsis reflective of the _______ approach of prejudice.

Page reference:See section “Prejudice: Multiple Explanations and Functions.”

a.#

structural

b.#

authoritarian personality

c.#

scapegoating

d.#

exploitation

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter 8 Question 23

23)

A_______ would stay quiet or even chime/join in whentheirfriends start to bully another minority member.

Page reference:See section “Different Types of Racism.”

a.#

active bigot

b.#

fair weather liberal

c.#

timid bigot

d.#

proactive change agent

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 24

24)

The term _______ refers to the unearned or earned advantages and resources readily available to a particular identity group or member.

Page reference:See section “Power and Privilege.”

a.#

distributive power

b.#

social justice

c.#

privilege

d.#

integrative power

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 25

25)

“I thought you’d talk a lot more with your hands because you’re Italian” is an example of which form of microaggression?

Page reference:See section “Microagressions.”

a.#

Microinsult

b.#

Microinvalidation

c.#

Microassault

d.#

Privileged

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question26

26)

The first part of the perception process involves making interpretationsofthe data we receive.

Page reference:See section“Human Perception Tendencies: Some General Principles.”

a.#

True

b.#

False

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 27

27)

Ethnocentrism is a defense mechanism used to viewone’s ownculture as superior to others.

Page reference:See section“Human Perception Tendencies: Some General Principles.”

a.#

True

b.#

False

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 28

28)

A microaggression can be intentional or unintentional.

Page reference:See section “Power, Privilege, and Microaggression.”

a.#

True

b.#

False

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question 29

29)

To reduce prejudice, it is important to recognize that others may have experiences that we may not be able to fully grasp.

Page reference:See section “Reduction of Prejudice and Discrimination.”

a.#

True

b.#

False

END OF QUESTION

Type:Multiple Choice

Title:Chapter8Question30

30)

Stereotyping is inevitable in everyday social intergroup interactions.

Page reference:See section “Intercultural Reality Check: Doables.”

a.#

True

b.#

False

END OF QUESTION

Type:Essay

Title:Chapter8Essay Question31

31)

Identify one of the three communication degrees of ethnocentrism, citing an example.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Essay

Title:Chapter8Essay Question32

32)

Describe the fundamental attribution error, citing an example.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Essay

Title:Chapter8Essay Question33

33)

Describe one of the four macro or societal explanations for the development of prejudice.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Essay

Title:Chapter8Essay Question34

34)

Using the two axes (high/low prejudiced attitudes and high/low discriminatory practices) of the Prejudice-Discrimination Typology, identify and describe one of the four types and give an example.

END OF QUESTION

Type:Essay

Title:Chapter8Essay Question35

35)

Is it possible to completely stop stereotyping? What can be done about stereotyping?

END OF QUESTION