Chapter 8 Thinking Language And Intelligence Exam Questions - Psychology in Action 12e Test Bank by Karen Huffman. DOCX document preview.
Package Title: Chapter 8, Testbank
Course Title: Huffman, PIA 12e
Chapter Number: 8
Question type: Multiple Choice
1) Which of the following is NOT part of the general process of cognition?
a) sensation and perception
b) learning and memory
c) thinking and problem solving
d) reflexive motor responses
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
2) The mental activities involved in acquiring, storing, retrieving, and using knowledge are collectively known as _________.
a) perception
b) cognition
c) consciousness
d) awareness
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
3) Using information and acting on that information is evidence of _________.
a) thinking
b) cognition
c) judging
d) problem-solving
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
4) The part of the brain that plays a major role in associating complex ideas, making plans, and allocating attention is the _________.
a) limbic system
b) prefrontal cortex
c) cerebellum
d) somatosensory cortex
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
5) If you were to start smiling when you are in a bad mood, eventually you might start to feel better and think “happy thoughts.” This would demonstrate the concept of _________.
a) embodied cognition
b) cognitive hierarchies
c) the mental set
d) functional fixedness
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
6) Mental representations of previously stored sensory experiences are called mental _________.
a) illusions
b) schemes
c) images
d) propositions
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
7) Which of the following persons is NOT using a mental image?
a) Karen is savoring her memory of the chocolate truffle she ate last night.
b) Rasheed is reading material in the textbook for the first time as he studies for his class.
c) Jamila is mentally reviewing the pitch and timbre of the notes in the new song she rehearsed last night.
d) Farique is smugly picturing his new Ferrari.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
8) A mental representation of a group or category that shares similar characteristics is called _________.
a) a map
b) an image
c) a concept
d) an idea
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
9) All of the following are examples of concepts EXCEPT _________.
a) trees
b) tools
c) blue
d) umbrellas
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
10) Which are examples of abstract concepts?
a) honesty, intelligence, love
b) cars, trucks, motorcycles
c) blue, green, red
d) people, places, things
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
11) An artificial or formal concept arises from _________.
a) the natural world or environment
b) hypothesis testing and prototypes
c) mental images or prototypes
d) logical rules or definitions
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
12) Because it is based on a system of logical rules or definitions, language would serve as a(n) ________ concept when used correctly.
a) natural
b) artificial
c) prototypical
d) hierarchical
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
13) When you group subcategories within broader concepts or categories, you are creating _________.
a) artificial concepts
b) superordinate categories
c) hierarchies
d) natural concepts
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
14) A representation of the “best” or most typical example of a category is called a(n) _________.
a) natural concept
b) artificial concept
c) prototype
d) exemplar
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
15) Which of the following would support the idea that people store concepts in terms of prototypes?
a) People are faster to verify that a robin is a bird.
b) People are faster to verify that ostrich is a bird.
c) People are equally fast to verify that robins and ostriches are birds.
d) People generally cannot tell the difference between a robin and an ostrich.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
16) Which of the following conclusions can be drawn the finding that people are faster to verify that a cocker spaniel is a dog compared to the time it takes to verify that a cocker spaniel is an animal?
a) People store conceptual information in the form of hierarchies.
b) People always use algorithms to verify relationships.
c) People always form artificial concepts to verify relationships.
d) Concepts are stored in no meaningful way, but rather as based on individual experiences.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
17) The ________ example of an item that fits in a particular category is called a prototype.
a) approximate
b) best
c) worst
d) least common
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
18) Based on most people’s prototype for fruit, which of the following would take longer to classify?
a) An orange
b) An apple
c) Grapes
d) An avocado
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
19) When learning a new concept, children are most likely to learn the ________ level first.
a) basic
b) higher-order
c) lower-order
d) fuzzy
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
20) A motor vehicle is called an automobile. Automobiles can include trucks, cars, and motorcycles. Cars might include sedans or coupes. In this hierarchy, a sedan is an example of a(n) ________ concept.
a) basic
b) higher-order
c) lower-order
d) fuzzy
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
21) The word “animal” represents a(n) ________ concept.
a) subordinate
b) higher-order
c) lower-order
d) basic
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
22) When shown a picture of a poodle, most adults will first classify it as _____, which would be an example of a basic-level concept.
a) an animal
b) a dog
c) a mammal
d) a highbred
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
23) You develop ________ that are interrelated in order to better learn the material in this course.
a) hierarchies
b) artificial concepts
c) natural concepts
d) prototypes
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
24) Problem-solving is the act of moving _________.
a) from a given state to a goal state
b) from emotion to motivation
c) from sensation to perception
d) from here to there
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
25) When you are identifying facts, distinguishing relevant from irrelevant facts, and defining a goal, you are in the ________ stage of problem-solving
a) initial
b) preparation
c) production
d) attribution
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
26) Your “problem” is that you want a new car. Which of the following BEST demonstrates what you should do in the preparation stage for this problem?
a) Ask friends where they got their cars, make a list of dealers to visit.
b) Choose a color, make, and model, then log onto the Internet to locate a dealer who has one like this.
c) Determine how much money you can spend, and whether your goal is to have reliable transportation or to make an impression on others.
d) Ask your parents to buy you a car for your birthday.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
27) During the production stage of problem-solving, you should generate _________.
a) possible solutions
b) relevant facts
c) irrelevant facts
d) your ultimate goal(s)
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
28) Lamar is thinking about all the ways he can come up with the money he needs to buy the used Yugo he saw advertised in the “Car Trader” yesterday. Lamar is _________.
a) engaged in wishful thinking
b) engaged in stupid thinking
c) working in the evaluation stage of problem-solving
d) working in the production stage of problem-solving
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
29) Professor Wahl’s counseling class is engaged in small-group generation of possible solutions for helping low-income families get the counseling they need. This class is in the ________ stage of problem-solving.
a) brainstorming
b) preparation
c) production
d) evaluation
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
30) Frederica has been hit with a difficult problem at work, and she has no immediate idea how she will solve it. Since it is the end of the work day, she decides to go home and have a good dinner with her partner and sleep on the issue. She hopes that a good night of sleep will help her see a solution more clearly. Frederica is hoping that a(n) ________ period will help her solve the work issue.
a) hibernation
b) formalized
c) precontemplation
d) incubation
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
31) A logical, step-by-step procedure that, if followed, will eventually solve a problem is called a(n) _________.
a) algorithm
b) heuristic
c) prototype
d) brainstorming
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
32) The text illustrates how using a(n) ________ can help us choose a career.
a) algorithm
b) heuristic
c) artificial concept
d) hierarchy
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
33) The use of an algorithm might be most useful for which of the following tasks?
a) deciding which attraction you want to visit at an amusement park
b) deciding on a partner
c) computing your grade point average
d) learning to paint an abstract picture
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
34) Simple rules used in problem-solving that do not guarantee a solution but offer a likely shortcut to it, are called _________.
a) algorithms
b) inductions
c) heuristics
d) perceptual sets
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
35) The final stage in problem-solving is called the ________ stage.
a) recompense
b) reflection
c) evaluation
d) revision
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
36) A means-end analysis, working backward, and creating subgoals are all examples of _________.
a) mnemonic devices
b) algorithmic solutions
c) heuristics
d) problem-solving sets
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
37) Althea was working on her car and found a piece left over when she put her carburetor back together. Her neighbor’s car was the same make and model, so she knocked on his door to ask if she could take his carburetor apart one piece at a time to determine where she went wrong. This is an example of the ________ heuristic.
a) working backward
b) working from a model
c) means-end analysis
d) in-your-dreams analysis
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
38) Murdock wants to get to his sister’s new house, which he knows is north of where he is right now. Stranded without a map or a telephone, he decides to keep driving north in the hopes of finding the house. This is an example of the ________ heuristic.
a) algorithm
b) working backward
c) creating subgoals
d) means-end analysis
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
39) Before a new product arrives in the store, a manufacturer goes through several stages including designing, building, testing a prototype, setting up a production line, and so on. This approach is called _________.
a) working backward
b) means-end analysis
c) divergent thinking
d) creating subgoals
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
40) Rosa is shopping in a new supermarket and wants to find a specific type of mustard. Which problem-solving strategy that is sometimes a barrier to achieving solutions would be most efficient?
a) algorithm
b) heuristic
c) instinct
d) mental set
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
41) When confronted with a problem, persistence in using strategies that have worked in the past rather than new ones is called _________.
a) mental rigidity
b) a mental set
c) functional rigidity
d) a functional set
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
42) The tendency to think of an object operating only in its usual or customary way is called _________.
a) functional rigidity
b) problem-solving fixedness
c) functional fixedness
d) a mental set
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
43) An interior designer on the TV show “Trading Spaces” used the frame of a car to create a child’s bed. This is an example of _________.
a) the problem with reality TV shows
b) a mental set
c) overcoming functional fixedness
d) the successful use of an algorithm
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
44) When you use a knife as a screwdriver, you have _________.
a) overcome functional fixedness
b) used a prototype of the screwdriver
c) used a subcategory of a screwdriver
d) created a new concept of screwdriver
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
45) The tendency to seek out and pay attention only to information that supports preexisting beliefs while ignoring contradictory evidence is called _________.
a) the confirmation bias
b) fundamental fixation
c) a mental set
d) a conceptual bias
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
46) Judging the likelihood or probability of events based on how easily other such events can be recalled is known as the ________ heuristic.
a) representative
b) availability
c) prototype
d) functional
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
47) Misjudging your risk of dying in an airplane crash because you just watched 24-hour coverage of one is MOST related to the ________ heuristic.
a) availability
b) representative
c) confirmation
d) convergence
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
48) Estimating the probability of something based on how well the circumstances match your existing prototype for that event or object is called _________.
a) functional fixedness
b) the availability heuristic
c) the representative heuristic
d) a mental set
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
49) Which saying best summarizes the concept of belief perseverance?
a) I’m going to solve this problem the way I solved it last time.
b) I can’t think outside of the box.
c) I know I’m wrong, but I still think I’m right.
d) I only care about issues that directly affect my own life.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
50) Of the following choices, which is NOT one of the barriers to problem solving discussed in your text?
a) a means-end analysis
b) the mental set
c) cognitive offloading
d) the availability heuristic
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
51) The ability to produce original, appropriate, and valued outcomes in a novel way is called _________.
a) problem-solving
b) incubation
c) functional flexibility
d) creativity
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
52) Creative thinking is related to _________.
a) fluency, flexibility, and originality
b) genetics, environmental reinforcement, and lack of punishment
c) convergent, divergent, and nonfunctional thinking
d) personality, motivation, and intellectual ability
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
53) Which of the following items would MOST likely appear on a test measuring creativity?
a) How long is the Ohio River?
b) What are the primary colors?
c) List all the uses for a pot.
d) Who was the first governor of New York?
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
54) Regarding creativity, the word “fluency” means being able to ________.
a) discuss your ideas openly and easily
b) avoid a mental set
c) successfully avoid functional fixedness
d) generate a large number of solutions
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
55) Regarding creativity, the word “flexibility” means being able to ________.
a) discuss your ideas openly and easily
b) shifting with ease between problem solving strategies
c) successfully avoid functional fixedness
d) generate a large number of solutions
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
56) Regarding creativity, the word “originality” means being able to ________.
a) coming up with unique or different solutions to a problem
b) shifting with ease between problem solving strategies
c) successfully avoid functional fixedness
d) generate a large number of solutions
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
57) A cognitive process that produces many alternative solutions to the same problem is called ________ thinking.
a) flexible
b) divergent
c) convergent
d) individual
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
58) Narrowing a list of alternatives down to a single correct answer is called ________ thinking.
a) original
b) convergent
c) divergent
d) group
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
59) Mrs. Jones tells her calculus students that each problem has “one and only one” answer, and that the point of the exam is to solve for that one answer. She is promoting the use of ________ thinking in her classroom.
a) convergent
b) individual
c) divergent
d) numerical
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
60) To develop an idea for a research paper in his English class, Shaleke is told to brainstorm and write down several different topics that would interest him. He should probably use ________ thinking.
a) convergent
b) semantic
c) divergent
d) group
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
61) Gina works for a boss who is very insecure and critical. Because Gina believes she would be punished for creative ideas, she is unlikely to attempt to be creative. Gina lacks the resources of _________.
a) knowledge and personality
b) motivation and environment
c) knowledge and environment
d) intellectual ability and personality
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
62) The linguistic relativity hypothesis of the relationship between language and thought was first proposed by _________.
a) Chomsky
b) Skinner
c) Sternberg
d) Whorf
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
63) Which of the following supports Whorf’s Linguistic Relativity Hypothesis?
a) Japanese speakers cannot discriminate between the /r/ and /l/ distinction, but English speakers can.
b) Marcus can think about concepts even though he doesn’t have words to describe them.
c) Providing more masculine attributes to a child when referred to as HE/SHE compared to HE
d) Children are able to advance in their thinking faster when they are left to learn language on their own versus when they are actively taught language from an early age.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
64) The part of the brain that controls speech generation is called ________ area.
a) Broca’s
b) Wernicke’s
c) Broadmann’s
d) Gardner’s
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
65) The part of the brain that controls language comprehension is called ________ area.
a) Broca’s
b) Wernicke’s
c) Broadmann’s
d) Gardner’s
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
66) According to Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis, _________.
a) the way we think determines the nature of the words that we use
b) our vocabulary determines how we perceive and categorize the world
c) our perceptions determine our words
d) meaning is relative
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
67) CURRENT thinking regarding Whorf’s linguistic relativity hypothesis suggests that _________.
a) language determines thought
b) thought determines language
c) language influences thought
d) thought influences language
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
68) Which of the following is the smallest, most distinctive unit of sound in a language?
a) morphemes
b) morphine
c) phonemes
d) pragmatics
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
69) The smallest meaningful unit of language is called a _________.
a) morpheme
b) phoneme
c) syllable
d) letter
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
70) The sound for /ng/ is called _____; whereas the suffix /ing/ is called _________.
a) syntax; grammar
b) grammar; syntax
c) a phoneme; a morpheme
d) a morpheme; a phoneme
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
71) The word “blanket” has ________ phoneme(s) and ________ morpheme(s).
a) one; two
b) seven; two
c) seven; one
d) two; one
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
72) According to the language theory of Noam Chomsky, _________.
a) children are born “prewired” to learn language
b) language development is primarily a result of rewards and modeling of adult speech
c) overgeneralizations result from faulty development of the LAD
d) language development is primarily cultural and not biological
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
73) The set of rules that specify how phonemes, morphemes, words, and phrases should be combined to express meaningful thoughts is called _________.
a) overgeneralization
b) pragmatics
c) semantics
d) grammar
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
74) The set of grammatical rules that specify put words in the correct order is called _________.
a) grammar
b) syntax
c) semantics
d) pragmatics
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
75) Which of the following sentences breaks the rules for English syntax?
a) The limb crawled out on the lamb of the tree.
b) Streets fatal accidents rainy causes.
c) ‘Twas brillig, and the slithy toves/Did gyre and gimble in the wabe.
d) Be true to yourself and bear no false witness.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
76) A system of rules for using words to create meaning is called _________.
a) grammar
b) syntax
c) semantics
d) pragmatics
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
77) Chomsky believes we possess an inborn brain capacity to analyze language known as the _________.
a) telegraphic understanding device (TUD)
b) language acquisition device (LAD)
c) language and grammar translator (LGT)
d) overgeneralized neural net (ONN)
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
78) The prelinguistic stage of verbal communication in the newborn (birth to four weeks) is characterized by _________.
a) a reflexive crying response to any cause of tension
b) separate cries for hunger and pain, and cooing for pleasure
c) separate cries for hunger, anger, and wet diapers
d) a reflexive cry followed by distinguishable cries for hunger, anger, and pain
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
79) Prelinguistic cooing refers to the production of _________.
a) three distinguishable cries for hunger, anger, and pain
b) vowel sounds
c) consonant and vowel sounds
d) sounds used only in the child’s native language
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
80) The production of vowel/consonant combinations at 4 to 6 months is called _________.
a) babbling
b) cooing
c) vocalization
d) a reflexive cry
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
81) To the delight of her parents, Mosee has just begun to produce vowel sounds known as _____, while Farina is delighting her parents by emitting vowel-consonant combinations, which is called _________.
a) vocalizing; cooing
b) cooing; babbling
c) babbling; cooing
d) vocalizing; babbling
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
82) The misuse of words to include objects that don't fit a word’s meaning is called _________.
a) overgeneralization
b) underutilization
c) overextension
d) overutilization
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
83) A child who calls any man with a moustache “daddy” is demonstrating the principle of _________.
a) overgeneralization
b) overextension
c) over-simplification
d) over-categorization
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
84) Shorter sentences that contain only the most necessary words, omitting those which can be left out, are called _________.
a) telegraphic speech
b) simplistic speech
c) babbling
d) telescoped communication
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
85) Which of the following is the BEST example of telegraphic speech?
a) “I hungry”
b) “Baba” for baby
c) “Daddy”
d) “Mama”
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
86) Applying the basic rules of grammar to cases that are exceptions to the rules is called _________.
a) overgeneralization
b) underutilization
c) overextension
d) overutilization
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
87) Children make errors like “mouses” and “goed” versus “mice” and “went” because they ________ the rules of grammar.
a) ignore
b) underextend
c) overextend
d) overgeneralize
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
88) “I goed to the zoo” and "I hurt my foots” are examples of _________.
a) prelinguistic verbalizations
b) overexposure to adult “baby talk”
c) overgeneralization
d) Noam Chomsky’s theory of language acquisition
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
89) Research indicates ________ can communicate using hand signals/sign language.
a) chimpanzees
b) African parrots
c) cats
d) whales
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
90) Human language differs from communication in nonhuman animals in that it is _________.
a) used more to express a wide range of thoughts and ideas
b) the expression of an innate capacity
c) essential for thought
d) composed of sounds
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
91) Your authors make the point that intelligence is not a thing. Instead, they identify intelligence as a hypothetical abstract _________.
a) concept
b) verbalization
c) construct
d) idea
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
92) The definition of intelligence stated in your textbook stresses the capacity to _________.
a) perform in school and on the job at a level that warrants advancement
b) read, write, and make computations in a timely manner
c) perform verbally and physically at a level that is higher than average
d) think rationally, act purposefully, profit from experience, and deal effectively with the environment
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
93) The g factor originally proposed by Charles Spearman is best defined as _________.
a) skill in the use of language as a tool for thought
b) general intelligence
c) the ability to adapt to the environment
d) the type of intelligence we call “common sense”
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
94) Which of the following is CORRECTLY matched?
a) Thurstone: intelligence = general mental abilities
b) Spearman: intelligence = seven primary mental abilities
c) Guilford: intelligence is influenced by up to 120 factors
d) Cattell: intelligence = one single ability
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
95) This intelligence is the ability to think speedily and abstractly and to solve novel problems.
a) gh
b) gf
c) gc
d) gt
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
96) Cattell proposed that there were two types of g: _________.
a) verbal and numerical
b) verbal and visual
c) fluid and crystallized
d) mental and physical
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
97) ________ intelligence underlies all intellectual behavior, and includes reasoning, problem solving, and performing well in all areas of cognition.
a) Crystallized
b) Fluid
c) Practical
d) General
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
98) This is the knowledge and skills gained through experience and education that increase over a lifetime.
a) fluid intelligence
b) crystallized intelligence
c) verbal knowledge
d) wisdom
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
99) Physicians, teachers, musicians, and politicians continue to work well into old age largely due to ________ intelligence, which tends to increase over time.
a) creative
b) fluid
c) crystallized
d) natural
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
100) The first IQ test to be used widely in the U.S. was the _________.
a) Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children
b) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale
c) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale
d) Kaufmann Assessment Battery for Children
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
101) A statistical representation of the distribution of traits within a given population is called a(n) ________ distribution.
a) asymmetrical
b) two-tailed
c) correlational
d) normal
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
102) An intelligence quotient (IQ) is _________.
a) your mental age divided by your chronological age and multiplied by 100
b) always computed for intelligence tests
c) is determined by the National Bureau of Standards
d) the lone criterion used to diagnose intellectual disability
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
103) The Wechsler Intelligence Scales yields all but which of the following?
a) scores of crystallized and fluid intelligence
b) a verbal score
c) a fluidity score
d) an overall intelligence score
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
104) The establishment of norms, or averages, in order to assess what is representative of the general population is called _________.
a) reliability
b) validation
c) standardization
d) construction
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
105) The development of procedures for administering and scoring a test is called _________.
a) norming
b) standardization
c) procedural protocol
d) normalization
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
106) This is a measure of the consistency and stability of test scores when re-administered at different times.
a) Reliability
b) Validity
c) Standardization
d) Normalization
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
107) The ________ is the ability of a test to measure what it is designed to measure.
a) standardization curve
b) validity
c) reliability
d) normalization
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
108) Reliability can be determined using _________.
a) standardization procedures and testing individuals
b) the test-retest and split-half methods
c) population norms and standardization norms
d) the normal distribution
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
109) If a test is valid, then its scores will be useful in _________.
a) predicting the test-taker’s behavior in a similar situation
b) establishing a standardization curve
c) determining a person’s genetic capacity for the behavior that was tested
d) predicting their score when the same test is given at another time
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
110) If a test is standardized and reliable, what conclusions can you make about its validity?
a) The test is probably valid.
b) The test is probably invalid.
c) The test may be valid for some people, but not for others.
d) You cannot determine validity from reliability or standardization.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
111) Intellectual disability applies to an individual with significant deficits in adaptive functioning and a score at or below around ________ on a standard IQ test.
a) 50
b) 60
c) 70
d) 80
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
112) Less than _____% of the general population have an intellectual disability and, of that number, about ________ are mildly disabled.
a) 2%; 65%
b) 3%; 85%
c) 4%; 85%
d) 5%; 90%
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
113) People with an intellectual disability who demonstrate exceptional ability or brilliance in some specific areas are called _________.
a) savants
b) “idiot” geniuses
c) mildly disabled
d) connoisseurs
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
114) Intellectually gifted people score in the top ________ percent on a standard IQ test.
a) 1–2
b) 5
c) 10
d) 5–10
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
115) People with IQs between 40 and 70 who demonstrate exceptional skill or brilliance in areas such as rapid calculations, art, or musical ability are called _________.
a) savants
b) gifted
c) exceptional
d) “genius deficient”
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
116) Which of the following is not one of the genetic causes of intellectual disability?
a) brain damage from a physical trauma
b) fragile-X syndrome
c) Down syndrome
d) phenylketonuria (PKU)
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
117) Charlise is general able to follow daily routines, but needs supervision. After she receives extensive training, she is able to learn some basic communication skills. (Charlise has an IQ of 33) She suffers from ________ intellectual disability.
a) mild
b) moderate
c) severe
d) profound
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
118) Which of the following is TRUE of mentally gifted people, compared to people of average intellectual abilities?
a) They have fewer suicides.
b) They have a lower incidence of alcoholism.
c) They have more intellectual opportunities.
d) They have a much higher rate of personality disorders.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
119) According to the theory of ________, there are multiple types of intelligence that include spatial, bodily/kinesthetic, and interpersonal intelligences, among others.
a) Gardner
b) Sternberg
c) Thurstone
d) Guilford
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
120) ________ says that intelligence is composed of analytic, creative, and practical intelligence.
a) Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
b) Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intelligence
c) Thurstone’s theory of distinct mental abilities
d) Guilford’s theory of fluid and crystallized intelligence
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
121) The idea that people differ in their “profiles of intelligence,” showing unique patterns of strengths and weaknesses, is related to _________.
a) Guilford’s 120-factor model of intelligence
b) Thurston’s triarchical theory of successful intelligence
c) Cattell’s two-factor theory of intelligence
d) Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
122) Compared to human norms, Einstein’s brain was _________.
a) larger
b) heavier
c) larger and heavier
d) neither larger nor heavier
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
123) The ________ area in Einstein's brain was 15% larger than the same area in other people.
a) mathematical and spatial
b) verbal
c) somatosensory
d) essential survival
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
124) Which of the following would support a genetic contribution to intelligence?
a) The degree of similarity for IQ scores is the same for identical and fraternal twins.
b) Fraternal twins have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins.
c) Identical twins have more similar IQ scores than fraternal twins.
d) Those who are adopted are more similar in intelligence to their adoptive parents than to their biological parents.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
125) Brain activity is ________ correlated with intelligence.
a) negatively
b) positively
c) highly
d) not
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
126) Researchers in the Minnesota study found that genetic factors played ________ role in IQ scores of identical twins reared apart.
a) a very small
b) a moderate
c) a large
d) no
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
127) Current research regarding the origins of intellectual capacity suggests _________.
a) nature and nurture both have an impact, but the amount can’t be determined
b) that nature has greater impact than nurture
c) that nurture has greater impact than nature
d) that nature and nurture have equal impact
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
128) The Flynn Effect refers to the increase in IQ scores over the years, and may be due to _________.
a) improved public education
b) people caring less about the importance of testing
c) teachers giving students test answers
d) score inflation on standardized tests
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
129) This is a psychological predicament in which a person experiences doubt about his or her performance due to negative beliefs about his or her group’s ability.
a) The Bell Curve Effect
b) The Flynn Effect
c) A stereotype threat
d) The self-fulfilling prophecy
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
130) The stereotype threat affects the IQ scores of which of the following groups?
a) women
b) white people
c) males
d) wealthy persons
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
131) Minority schoolchildren perform better on verbal intelligence tests when they are told the test has nothing to do with school compared to when they are told the test is school-related. Which of the following can be concluded?
a) Intelligence tests are not culturally biased.
b) Ethnic and racial differences in intelligence mark different levels of preparedness.
c) Intelligence tests are influenced by stereotypes and expectation.
d) Tests are intentionally biased in order to keep certain groups in positions of power.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
132) When members of a minority group doubt their abilities and fear they may fulfill their group’s negative typecast, they are experiencing _________.
a) prejudice
b) discrimination
c) self-fulfilling prophecy
d) stereotype threat
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Essay
133) Give an example of how you might use an algorithm.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
134) What is a mental set?
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Text Entry
135) Syntax and semantics are two components of ___, which refers to the system of rules used to generate acceptable language.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
136) Using words to include objects that do not fall within the words’ meaning is called ___.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
137) Because he noted that scores on different tests of mental abilities tended to be consistent with each other, ___ proposed the concept of general intelligence, or g.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
138) The degree to which a test measures what it is supposed to measure is called ___.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
139) The ability to perceive, understand, manage, and utilize one’s affective states in an accurate and appropriate manner is called ___ intelligence.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
140) What types of relatives are likely to have the highest similarity between their intelligence quotients? ___
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
Question type: Essay
141) Define cognition, thinking, and concepts, and describe the three strategies for learning concepts, illustrating your answer with examples.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
142) Use the following problem to list and illustrate each of the three steps in problem-solving. Describe how four of the six problem-solving barriers discussed in the textbook might affect your ability to solve the following problem: “Imagine that you are running late for a job interview and you spill coffee on the front of your only clean shirt just before you walk out the door. It is important to make a good first impression with the panel who will be interviewing you. What should you do?”
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
143) Define creativity and list and define the three elements of creative thinking.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
144) Contrast an algorithm and a heuristic as problem solving methods. Provide an example of both methods to solve the problem of finding your car keys.
Section Reference 1: Thinking
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective: LO 8.1 Summarize thinking, cognition, problem solving, and creativity.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
145) Define and illustrate of each of the following building blocks of language: phonemes, morphemes, and grammar.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
146) Imagine that you have just had a baby, who will follow normal developmental milestones. Name your baby’s stage, and describe his or her language development from birth through age 5.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Application
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
147) Discuss the “data” for and against the belief that nonhuman animals can be taught to use language.
Section Reference 1: Language
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.2 Summarize the key characteristics and theories of language, as well as human versus nonhuman language.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
148) Contrast Spearman’s, Thurstone’s, Guilford’s, and Cattell’s concepts of intelligence, and illustrate the differences between fluid and crystallized intelligence.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
149) Contrast Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences with Sternberg’s triarchic theory of successful intelligence. State which theory you think better explains intelligence, and defend your position.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Easy
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Evaluation
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
150) Discuss the features of developing an intelligence test in terms of standardization, reliability, and validity.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.3 Summarize the nature and measurement of intelligence.
Bloomcode: Comprehension
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking
151) Describe the evidence for genetic and environmental influences on intelligence.
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Hard
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Knowledge
APA: Goal 1: Knowledge Base in Psychology
152) Discuss how psychologists might attempt to answer the question, “Are intelligence tests culturally biased”?
Section Reference 1: Intelligence Controversies
Difficulty: Medium
Learning Objective 1: LO 8.4 Review the major controversies surrounding intelligence.
Bloomcode: Analysis
APA: Goal 2: Scientific Inquiry and Critical Thinking