Chapter 8: Female Offenders and Their Crimes

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following statements regarding female offending is nottrue?

A. Women engage in every type of criminal activity

B. Female crimes of violence are ignored by the media

C. Female crimes are not as rare as you think

D. The majority of female offending is made up of crimes that are nonviolent

2. The gender gap is narrowing ______.

A. in general

B. in terms of the proportion of crimes committed by gender

C. as shown by conviction rates

D. for violent crime only

3. As relates to the narrowing of the gender gap, NCVS data reveal that there has been ______.

A. decreases in male offending

B. increases in female offending

C. decrease in female offending

D. increases in male offending

4. Historically drug use by women was ______.

A. severely punished

B. normalized

C. nonexistent

D. sensationalized

5. Between 2006 and 2015, women’s arrests in property-related crimes increased ______.

A. 7.9%

B. 12.7%

C. 18.9%

D. 20.2%

6. In the last few decades, the female incarceration rate has grown ______%.

A. 54

B. 96

C. 108

D. 127

7. Which of the following is the best predictor of longevity of substance abuse?

A. Social marginalization

B. Unemployment

C. Early exposure

D. Reoccurring trauma

8. All of the following increase the social marginalization and economic pressures felt by women EXCEPT for _____.

A. being unemployed

B. lacking job skills

C. being homeless

D. having an extensive social network

9. Johnson (2004) found that ______ of all female property offenders indicated that they engaged in crime to get money so that they could buy drugs.

A. 12%

B. 35%

C. 47%

D. 52%

10. ______ is the most visible form of sex work.

A. Working as an escort

B. Use of Craig's List to sell or trade sex

C. Working in a brothel

D. Street-level prostitution

11. The most common commodity for street-level sex work is _____.

A. clothing

B. food

C. shelter

D. money

12. The death rate for prostitutes is ______ times higher than the overall population.

A. 5

B. 15

C. 30

D. 40

13. All of the following were mentioned as long-term health-related consequences of prostitution EXCEPT for _____.

A. gynecological problems

B. respiratory infections

C. neurological problems

D. cardiac problems

14. The biggest threat to a prostitute's safety is ______.

A. violence at the hands of their pimp

B. inability to seek help by reporting victimization to police

C. drive-by shootings

D. abuse by johns

15. Generally the public views prostitution as ______.

A. a victimless crime

B. victimization of women

C. offending by women

D. none of these

16. All of the following are examples of property crime EXCEPT for _____.

A. vandalism

B. arson

C. fraud

D. prostitution

17. Brothels in the Netherlands are required to have ______.

A. a license from the state

B. health insurance for prostitutes

C. windows where prostitutes can advertise

D. routine inspections by officials

18. Larger issues such as ______ all contribute to a system where women fall victim to the practices of sexual exploitation.

A. economics, globalization, poverty, and inequality

B. globalization, equality, rights, and poverty

C. poverty, rights, inequality, and education

D. rights, inequality, education, and politics

19. In New South Wales, the majority of brothels ______.

A. follow through with licensing agreements

B. fail to register their businesses

C. pay attention to regulatory rules for operation

D. pay taxes

20. Which of the following has focused on making the purchasing of sex from women a criminal act?

A. France

B. Switzerland

C. Sweden

D. Spain

21. Which of the following was the identified as the greatest immediate need for women in their transition from the streets ______.

A. housing

B. child care

C. job skills training

D. mental health treatment

22. Why may official data not reflect the true number of girls in gangs?

A. Data may not include females.

B. Data include female members of female gangs only.

C. Data are based on what male gang members say about female gang members.

D. Data only focus on males of a certain cultural region

23. Females in gangs are often distinguished by which of the following?

A. Race

B. Violent tendencies

C. Sexuality

D. Ability to provide financially

24. Lives of girls in gangs are filled with all of the following EXCEPT for _____.

A. violence

B. poverty

C. disenfranchisement

D. unlimited resources

25. Which of the following was not mentioned as a common initiation process for female gang members?

A. being jumped

B. pulling a train

C. walking the line

D. being sworn in

26. Which of the following is true regarding filicide.

A. It is a rare occurrence

B. Mothers usually do not suffer from any health issues

C. It refers to the act of homicide during the first 24 hours after birth

D. Males make up the majority of offenders

27. All of the following statements regarding Andrea Yates are true EXCEPT for ____.

A. She is one of the most identifiable case of neonaticide

B. She has a history of mental health issues

C. She was religious

D. She was the primary caretaker of her five children

28. Mothers who kill their children often suffer from ______.

A. post-traumatic stress disorder

B. border personality disorder

C. postpartum psychosis

D. alcoholism

29. _____ refers to an act of homicide during the first 24 hours after birth.

A. Filicide

B. Neonaticide

C. Infanticide

D. Homicide

30. When a mother believes that it is in the best interests of the child to be dead and that the mother is doing a good thing by killing the child it is considered to be a(n) _____.

A. act of revenge

B. altruistic reason

C. result of postparty psychosis

D. accident

31. All of the following statements pertaining to mothers who kill their children are true EXCEPT for _____.

A. Mothers make up the majority of offenders in cases of infanticide and neonaticide

B. Andrea Yates killed her children for altruistic reasons

C. The killing of unwanted children is usually done by women under the age of 35

D. Killing a child for revenge is usually conducted as an act against the spouse or father of the child

32. All of the following were identified as pathways to offending EXCEPT for _____.

A. Addiction in the home environment

B. Trauma and abuse in childhood

C. The presence of mental health issues

D. Growing up in an affluent neighborhood

33. All of the following were identified as survival strategies EXCEPT for ______.

A. running away from home

B. drug use

C. illegal street work

D. seeking part time employment

34. Research has found a link between prostitution and the use of _____.

A. marijuana

B. crack cocaine

C. heroin

D. opioids

35. ______ crimes represent a higher proportion of female crimes than in the male array of crimes.

A. Assault

B. Property

C. Arson

D. Rape

36. The proportion of ______ crimes is greater for males than females.

A. violent

B. property

C. white-collar

D. status offenses

37. Before being granted clemency and having her sentence commuted, Sara Kruzan had initially been sentenced to ______.

A. death

B. probation

C. 25 years in prison

D. life without parole

And: D

38. Michelle Carter was found guilty of ______.

A. aggravated assault.

B. involuntary manslaughter

C. murder

D. attempted murder

True/False

1. Street prostitutes are likely to experience the highest rates of violence, abuse, arrests, and stigma of all sex workers.

2. The role of substance abuse is central to the discussion of risk for prostituting women.

3. The majority of addicted women have trauma histories.

4. Some women abuse drugs to self-medicate.

5. Even in locations where prostitution is legal, illegal sexual practices have continued to flourish.

6. Shoplifting is typically described as a pink-collar crime.

7. Many at-risk young girls turn to prostitution to support their basic survival needs.

8. Hollywood portrayals of prostitution reflect reality.

9. Women who trade sex for drugs or necessities, such as food and shelter, are the most vulnerable to exploitation.

10. Female arrests for violent crimes have increased in recent years.

11. For some girls, gang involvement is a family affair.

12. Female gang members considered "independent" are at a higher risk of violent victimization.

13. Andrea Yates was found guilty, and mentally stable.

14. In the 1980s, women were drawn to crack cocaine in large numbers.

15. While the crime of filicide is a rare occurrence, it raises significant attention in the media.

Essay

1. Describe how girls are initiated into and exit the gang life.

2. Describe the five categories of infanticide developed by Resnick (1970).

3. Describe the pathways to substance abuse among women.

4. Discuss property crime as a means to economic survival for females.

5. Discuss the five different categories of filicide, according to Resnick (1970).