Chapter 3 Exam Questions Cell Structure and Function - Understanding Human Anatomy 10th Edition | Test Bank with Answer Key by Longenbaker by Susannah Longenbaker. DOCX document preview.
Student name:__________
TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) Polydipsia leads to dehydration which can cause pulmonary edema.
⊚ true
⊚ false
2) The process of "cell drinking" is known as phagocytosis.
⊚ true
⊚ false
3) Transcription occurs within the nucleus.
⊚ true
⊚ false
4) Mitosis is a reduction division.
⊚ true
⊚ false
CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
5) Which are found inside the nucleus? Choose all that apply.
A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
B) Lysosomes
C) Chromatin
D) Nucleolus
6) Which are characteristics of the cytoskeleton? Choose all that apply.
A) It is made up of filaments and microtubules.
B) It produces proteins.
C) It stores calcium.
D) It maintains cell shape.
7) Which are characteristics of lysosomes? Choose all that apply.
A) They are formed by the Golgi apparatus.
B) They are formed in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum.
C) They contain digestive enzymes.
D) They transport substances throughout the cell.
8) Which are characteristics of mitochondria? Choose all that apply.
A) They produce ATP.
B) Cellular respiration occurs here.
C) They produce proteins.
D) They use oxygen; they are the reason why humans breathe.
MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
9) Which of the following types of cells are anucleate when mature?
A) Liver cells
B) White blood cells
C) Erythrocytes
D) Skeletal muscle cells
10) The gelatinous supporting material of a cell is the
A) plasma membrane.
B) nucleus.
C) cytoplasm.
D) organelle.
11) Small structures that compartmentalize the cell for the various cellular activities are
A) nuclei.
B) organelles.
C) matrices.
D) mosaics.
12) The plasma membrane consists primarily of
A) phospholipids and proteins.
B) sugars and starches.
C) phospholipids and nitrogenous bases.
D) sugars and proteins.
13) The phospholipid molecules are arranged with
A) the hydrophilic tails facing outward and the hydrophobic heads facing inward.
B) the hydrophilic tails facing inward and the hydrophobic heads facing outward.
C) the hydrophilic heads facing outward and the hydrophobic tails facing inward.
D) the hydrophilic heads facing inward and the hydrophobic tails facing outward.
14) Think about the bilayer arrangement of phospholipids in cell membranes. Now imagine if extracellular and intracellular fluids were made of oil instead of water. How would the phospholipids arrange themselves?
A) The hydrophilic heads would be oriented toward the middle, with hydrophobic tails pointing outward.
B) The hydrophobic heads would be oriented toward the oil, so outward; the hydrophilic tails would be pointed inward.
C) The hydrophobic tails would be oriented inward, while the hydrophilic heads would point outward.
15) The movement of protein molecules within the phospholipid bilayer is described by the
A) fluid mosaic model.
B) lipid mosaic model.
C) protein-lipid mosaic model.
D) cholesterol mosaic model.
16) The presence of cholesterol molecules in plasma membranes is to
A) allow the buildup of fats.
B) change the chemical nature of the membrane.
C) create a mosaic pattern.
D) stabilize the phospholipids bilayer.
17) Which of the following is a key role of glycolipids and glycoproteins in the plasma membrane?
A) Transportation of molecules through the membrane
B) Stabilization ofthe phospholipid bilayer
C) Cell identification
D) Cell movement
18) Nucleoplasm is the
A) semifluid medium within the nucleus.
B) membrane that surrounds the nucleus.
C) genetic material within the nucleus.
D) parts of the plasma membrane that came from the nucleus.
19) Functions of membrane proteins include all of the following except
A) carriers.
B) cell identification.
C) form ribosomal subunits.
D) receptors.
E) channels.
20) Tightly coiled, rod-like structures of DNA and proteins are called
A) nucleoli.
B) ribosomes.
C) chromatin.
D) chromosomes.
21) The function of the nucleolus is to make
A) mitochondria.
B) endoplasmic reticulum.
C) chromosomes.
D) ribosomes.
22) The nuclear envelope's structure is a
A) double-layered membrane with pores.
B) single-layered membrane with pores.
C) solid single-layered membrane.
D) solid double-layered membrane.
23) Proteins that are mainly used inside the cell are synthesized
A) in the nucleus.
B) on cytoplasmic ribosomes.
C) on the rough ER.
D) in the nucleoli.
24) Which of the following organelles is not part of the endomembrane system?
A) rough ER.
B) mitochondria.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) vesicles.
25) Chromatin is made of
A) nucleoplasm and ribosomal subunits.
B) DNA, protein, some RNA.
C) phospholipids and glycoproteins.
D) RNA, phospholipids, and chromosomes.
26) Which of the following organelles functions in protein synthesis?
A) Ribosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Smooth ER
D) All apply.
27) A system of membranous channels and saccules that runs from the nuclear membrane through the cytoplasm is the
A) nucleolus.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) endoplasmic reticulum.
D) mitochondria.
28) The rough endoplasmic reticulum is covered with
A) Golgi apparatus.
B) ribosomes.
C) lysosomes.
D) nucleoli.
29) Liver cells help to detoxify drugs. Therefore, they would have a large number of
A) rough ER.
B) Golgi apparatus.
C) smooth ER.
D) centrioles.
30) Which of the following serves as the site for the synthesis of phospholipids?
A) Plasma membrane
B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum
C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
D) Golgi apparatus
31) Which of the following function(s) in protein production?
A) Ribosomes and smooth ER
B) Golgi apparatus and mitochondria
C) Rough ER and peroxisomes
D) Ribosomes, Golgi apparatus, and rough ER
32) Which organelle is involved in processing, packaging, and secretion of proteins and lipids?
A) Ribosomes
B) Golgi apparatus
C) Peroxisomes
D) Chromosomes
33) A disease involving a missing or inactive lysosomal enzyme in nerve cells is called
A) Golgi's disease.
B) multiple sclerosis.
C) neuritis.
D) Tay-Sachs disease.
34) Digestive sacs found in cells that help to detoxify drugs and alcohol are
A) peroxisomes.
B) centrioles.
C) ribosomes.
D) rough ER.
35) Mitochondria
A) produce protein.
B) store food.
C) produce ATP.
D) digest food.
36) The inner folds of membrane in mitochondria, where many of the reactions of aerobic cellular respiration occur, are called
A) smooth ER.
B) cristae.
C) grana.
D) thylakoid membranes.
37) Which elements of the cytoskeleton help maintain the shape of the cells, move organelles around, and aid in cell division?
A) Intermediate fibers
B) Cilia
C) Microtubules
D) Actin filaments
38) Which cytoskeletal structure is involved in the movement of chromosomes during cell division?
A) Actin filaments
B) Intermediate filaments
C) Microtubules
D) Microvilli
39) What is one of the main functions of intermediate filaments?
A) Cell-to-cell junctions
B) Cell movement
C) Form flagella
D) Cell shape
40) Microtubule assembly is regulated by the
A) centrosome.
B) centromere.
C) Golgi apparatus.
D) mitochondria.
41) Short cylinders with a 9 + 0 pattern that form the spindle apparatus during cell division are
A) centrioles.
B) basal bodies.
C) flagella.
D) actin filaments.
42) Sperm use __________ for movement.
A) cilia
B) flagella
C) microvilli
D) microfilaments
43) __________ are small hair-like extensions that produce movement across the surface of cells.
A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Microvilli
D) Basal bodies
44) __________ help keep the lungs clean.
A) Cilia
B) Flagella
C) Basal bodies
D) Microvilli
45) What structure anchors cilia and flagella?
A) Microvilli
B) Basal body
C) Hilus
D) Hillock
46) The plasma membrane is
A) impermeable.
B) permeable to everything.
C) selectively permeable.
47) What differentiates passive transport from active transport?
A) Passive transport moves substances into cells, while active transport moves substances out of cells.
B) Passive transport requires carriers, while active transport does not.
C) Passive transport does not use cellular energy, while active transport uses cellular energy.
D) Passive transport only moves water, while active transport only moves proteins.
48) The random movement of simple substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called
A) exocytosis.
B) filtration.
C) diffusion.
D) pumping.
49) Small lipid soluble molecules would move through the plasma membrane by
A) diffusion.
B) osmosis.
C) filtration.
D) pumping.
50) Proteins do not pass through plasma membranes because
A) the membrane is made of protein.
B) they contain nitrogen.
C) they are very large molecules.
D) they cause emulsification.
51) The movement of H 2O across a plasma membrane
A) is called osmosis.
B) is called facilitated filtration.
C) requires cellular energy.
D) is called osmosis and requires cellular energy.
52) The term "tonicity" refers to
A) the effect of a solution on water movement into or out of cells.
B) the separation of one cell into two daughter cells.
C) the secretion of products outside of the cell through the plasma membrane.
D) the effects of filtration on a cell.
53) When a cell is placed into a(n) __________ solution, the cell maintains its size.
A) isotonic
B) hypotonic
C) hypertonic
54) When a cell is placed into a(n) __________ solution, water enters the cell.
A) isotonic
B) hypotonic
C) hypertonic
55) Hemolysis means
A) swelling of cells.
B) shrinking of blood cells.
C) diffusion of cells into blood.
D) bursting of blood cells
56) When a cell is placed into a(n) __________ solution, crenation is possible.
A) isotonic
B) hypotonic
C) hypertonic
57) A cell that has crenated has
A) swollen up.
B) burst.
C) broken in half.
D) shrunk.
58) Filtration
A) pushes material out of the blood.
B) uses blood pressure to move fluids.
C) can separate large particles from small particles.
D) All apply.
59) Which of the following is NOT a passive process of movement?
A) Solute pumps
B) Osmosis
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Diffusion
60) When a substance cannot cross the plasma membrane by itself, and instead uses a protein carrier to move from high to low concentration, it uses
A) facilitated diffusion.
B) active transport.
C) osmosis.
D) simple diffusion.
61) Which process does not require a concentration gradient?
A) Active transport
B) Diffusion
C) Facilitated diffusion
D) Osmosis
62) The protein that malfunctions in cystic fibrosis is a
A) sodium pump
B) chloride channel
C) potassium channel
D) calcium pump
63) Active transport
A) moves materials against their concentration gradients.
B) requires energy.
C) occurs in cells with many mitochondria.
D) All apply.
64) A carrier protein is required
A) for all forms of passive transport.
B) for active transport.
C) to move water.
D) for filtration.
65) The movement of materials into a cell by the formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane is called
A) exocytosis.
B) hemolysis.
C) crenation.
D) endocytosis.
66) The formation of a pocket of the plasma membrane to bring in solid materials is called
A) exocytosis.
B) pinocytosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) facilitated diffusion.
67) Bringing solutions into a cell is called
A) facilitated diffusion.
B) pinocytosis.
C) exocytosis.
D) phagocytosis.
68) Secretion of substances made by a cell would occur by the process of
A) pinocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) endocytosis.
D) phagocytosis.
69) A white blood cell engulfing a bacterium is an example of
A) pinocytosis.
B) exocytosis.
C) active transport.
D) phagocytosis.
70) The condition where water is lost from the body, and the concentration of solutes in body fluids rises, is called
A) dehydration.
B) hemolysis.
C) osmosis.
D) water intoxication.
71) Water intoxication can be due to
A) loss of too much water.
B) excessive sweating.
C) excessive consumption of pure water.
D) excessive consumption of low-sodium sports drinks.
72) The process of programmed cell death is called
A) mitosis.
B) apoptosis.
C) phagocytosis.
D) endocytosis.
73) Apoptosis
A) involves the destruction of a cell.
B) occurs at the restriction checkpoint.
C) involves departure from the cell cycle.
D) All apply.
74) The portion of the cell cycle when a cell is not dividing and instead performs normal cellular processes is called
A) interphase.
B) mitosis.
C) apoptosis.
D) exterophase.
75) The period of interphase when cell growth, organellemanufacturing, and preparation for DNA replication occursis the
A) G 1 phase.
B) S 2 phase.
C) G 2 phase.
D) mitotic phase.
76) The period of interphase when DNA is replicated is the
A) G 1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G 2 phase.
D) mitosis phase.
77) The final period of interphase when proteins are made that will be needed for cell division is
A) G 1 phase.
B) S phase.
C) G 2 phase.
D) cytokinesis phase.
78) The material that is replicated prior to cell division is called
A) RNA.
B) protein.
C) DNA.
D) ATP.
79) A duplicated chromosome is held together at its central region called its
A) centriole.
B) centrosome.
C) centromere.
D) histone.
80) If half of a DNA molecule is ACG-TCC-GTA, the complementary half would be
A) CTA-CTT-ACC.
B) TGC-AGG-CAT.
C) ACG-TCC-GTA.
D) UGC-AGG-CAU.
81) Each strand of a replicated double helix of DNA is called a
A) chromatid.
B) chromosome.
C) autosome.
D) centriole.
82) What is the function of DNA polymerase?
A) Breaks hydrogen bonds between DNA strands
B) Joins nucleotides of the complementary DNA strand
C) Joins amino acids to form a protein
D) None apply.
83) Transcription involves _________, where translation involves _______.
A) polypeptide synthesis; mRNA synthesis
B) mRNA synthesis; polypeptide synthesis
C) amino acids; nucleotides
84) When mRNA molecules are formed, they are complementary to DNA with the exception that
A) an A in DNA matches a T in mRNA.
B) a T in DNA matches an C in mRNA.
C) an A in DNA matches a G in mRNA.
D) an A in DNA matches a U in mRNA.
85) The three-base sequence on mRNA that matches the triplet of DNA is a(n)
A) triplet.
B) anticodon.
C) codon.
D) gene.
86) Which of the following is NOT a form of RNA used in protein synthesis?
A) Messenger RNA
B) Negative RNA
C) Transfer RNA
D) Ribosomal RNA
87) The three-nucleotide segment of tRNA that binds to a three-nucleotide segment of mRNA during translation is called a(n)
A) anticodon.
B) codon.
C) transcription.
D) amino acid.
88) Which of the following types of RNA are NOT matched correctly with their function?
A) tRNA - carries amino acids
B) rRNA - site of protein synthesis
C) tRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide
D) mRNA - contains the code to make a polypeptide
89) What sequence of RNA would pair with the DNA sequence TAC-GCG?
A) ATG-CAC
B) CGC-GTA
C) AUG-CGC
D) UTG-CGC
90) The process of cell division involves the two stages called
A) interphase and cytokinesis.
B) interphase and mitosis.
C) mitosis and cytokinesis.
D) cytokinesis and G 1 phase.
91) The division of the cytoplasm and organelles is called
A) cytokinesis.
B) mitosis.
C) interphase.
D) telophase.
92) The division of the nucleus is called
A) cytokinesis.
B) mitosis.
C) interphase.
D) telophase.
93) The chromosomes shorten and thicken, becoming visible, during
A) metaphase.
B) telophase.
C) anaphase.
D) prophase.
94) The centrioles move to opposite poles during
A) telophase.
B) prophase.
C) metaphase.
D) anaphase.
95) The formation of spindle fibers occurs during
A) prophase.
B) metaphase.
C) anaphase.
D) telophase.
96) The chromosomes attach to spindle fibers by their
A) telomere.
B) centromere.
C) centrosome.
D) aster.
97) The chromosomes line up randomly at the equator of the cell during
A) prophase.
B) metaphase.
C) anaphase.
D) telophase.
98) The separation of sister chromatids occurs during
A) metaphase.
B) telophase.
C) prophase.
D) anaphase.
99) The re-forming of the nuclear membrane around chromosomes occurs during
A) prophase.
B) anaphase.
C) telophase.
D) metaphase.
100) Cytokinesis begins with the formation of an indentation around the cell called the
A) asters.
B) centromere.
C) cleavage furrow.
D) equator.
101) Mitosis produces __________ identical daughter cell(s) from one parental cell.
A) one
B) two
C) three
D) four
102) What happens to the chromosome number as a result of mitosis?
A) It is halved.
B) It stays the same.
C) It is doubled.
D) It is tripled.
103) Mitosis occurs during
A) growth.
B) tissue repair.
C) production of egg and sperm.
D) growth and tissue repair.
104) Asters radiate away from the mitotic poles and are made of
A) nucleoplasm.
B) chromatin.
C) actin.
D) microtubules.
105) Which of the following events of mitosis is CORRECTLY matched with its phase?
A) Metaphase - chromosomes shorten and thicken to become visible
B) Telophase - chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell
C) Prophase - chromosomes attach to spindle fibers
D) Anaphase - new nuclear envelopes form around chromosomes
106) The process of meiosis produces
A) body cells.
B) sex cells.
C) skin cells.
D) hair cells.
107) Once meiosis is complete, how many chromosomes does each gamete have?
A) 12 plus a sex chromosome
B) 23
C) 46 (23 pairs)
D) 92 (46 pairs)
108) What happens to chromosome number as a result of meiosis?
A) It is halved.
B) It stays the same.
C) It is doubled.
D) It is tripled.
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Understanding Human Anatomy 10th Edition | Test Bank with Answer Key by Longenbaker
By Susannah Longenbaker