Organization of the Body Verified Test Bank Longenbaker Ch.1

Student name:__________

TRUE/FALSE - Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.
1) In the structural hierarchy of anatomy, macromolecules are more complex than organelles.

⊚ true
⊚ false

2) The foot is proximal to the knee.

⊚ true
⊚ false

3) The gallbladder and spleen are contralateral to each other.

⊚ true
⊚ false

4) The function of serous fluid is to reduce friction between organs.

⊚ true
⊚ false

5) The organ system that delivers oxygen to body cells and transports carbon dioxide away from them is the respiratory system.

⊚ true
⊚ false

6) In negative feedback, the body's response is in the opposite direction from the change in order to return the body to normal.

⊚ true
⊚ false

7) Soft tissue such as muscles shows up as light areas on X-rays.

⊚ true
⊚ false

CHECK ALL THE APPLY. Choose all options that best completes the statement or answers the question.
8) Which are examples of physiology? Choose all that apply.

A) Trying to determine the processes that causeeczema
B) Examining a tissue sample under a microscope to determine if cancer cells are present
C) Determining how quickly an experimental drug is cleared from the blood
D) Performing an electrocardiogram, which is a recording of electrical activity in the heart

9) Which are examples of anatomical properties of the stomach? Choose all that apply.

A) J-shaped
B) Secretes digestive juices
C) Pouchlike
D) Located between esophagus and small intestine

10) Which of these organ systems are involved in moving the body? Choose all that apply.

A) Nervous system
B) Muscular system
C) Skeletal system
D) Endocrine system
E) Lymphatic system

MULTIPLE CHOICE - Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.
11) Which term refers to the study of how an organ functions?

A) Anatomy
B) Physiology
C) Ecology
D) Homeostasis

12) Observing the parts of the brain is a part of the study of

A) homeostasis.
B) physiology.
C) anthropology.
D) anatomy.

13) A group of similar cells performing a specialized function is referred to as a(n)

A) tissue.
B) organ.
C) molecule.
D) system.

14) Cells are to tissues as tissues are to

A) systems.
B) molecules.
C) organs.
D) organelles.

15) Arrange the following terms from the smallest to the largest: (1) cell, (2) organelle, (3) atom, (4) organ, (5) tissue.

A) 3, 2, 1, 5, 4
B) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5
C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1
D) 3, 1, 5, 4, 2

16) Which of the following does NOT describe the anatomical position?

A) Standing erect
B) Palms facing backward
C) Face forward
D) Toes pointing forward

17) Which of the following pairs are opposing terms?

A) Superior/posterior
B) Superior/inferior
C) Anterior/inferior
D) Superior/anterior

18) Which term refers to structures located toward the back?

A) Inferior
B) Lateral
C) Posterior
D) Peripheral

19) The heart is _____ to the lungs.

A) dorsal
B) superior
C) lateral
D) medial

20) Which of the following pairs is correctly matched?

A) Ventral - toward the front
B) Ipsilateral - on opposite sides
C) Deep - toward the surface
D) Proximal - farther from the point of attachment

21) Which of the following is INCORRECT in describing the nose?

A) It is superior to the mouth.
B) It is medial to the eyes.
C) It is on the dorsal aspect of the face.
D) It is inferior to the forehead.

22) The hand is ___________ to the elbow.

A) superior
B) anterior
C) proximal
D) distal

23) The right hand and left foot are ______________ to each other.

A) ipsilateral
B) posterior
C) contralateral
D) superficial

24) The spinal cord is __________ to the esophagus.

A) anterior
B) posterior
C) ventral
D) inferior

25) Appendicular refers to the

A) skull.
B) thorax.
C) legs and arms.
D) skull and thorax.

26) The head is in which region?

A) Cephalic
B) Lumbar
C) Brachial
D) Pectoral

27) The arm is in which region?

A) Cephalic
B) Lumbar
C) Brachial
D) Pectoral

28) The lower back is which region?

A) Cephalic
B) Lumbar
C) Brachial
D) Pectoral

29) The foot is in which region?

A) Pedal
B) Lumbar
C) Brachial
D) Pectoral

30) The chest is which region?

A) Cephalic
B) Lumbar
C) Brachial
D) Pectoral

31) The _______ region refers to the cheek.

A) occipital
B) buccal
C) auricular
D) mental

32) The thigh is which region?

A) Femoral
B) Crural
C) Plantar
D) Palmar

33) The front of the elbow is which region?

A) Cubital
B) Antecubital
C) Brachial
D) Antebrachial

34) The armpit is which region?

A) Acromial
B) Pectoral
C) Mammary
D) Axillary

35) Which of the following pairs of body regions is INCORRECT?

A) Carpal - wrist
B) Popliteal - back of knee
C) Gluteal - buttocks
D) Orbital - ear

36) If a person has a rash in the cervical region, where is it located?

A) Neck
B) Lower back
C) Arm
D) Chest

37) If a person has a sore in the oral cavity, where is it located?

A) Otic canal
B) Lower back
C) Mouth
D) Umbilicus

38) Which type of cut or section will give right and left portions?

A) Sagittal
B) Transverse
C) Frontal
D) Coronal

39) Which type of cut will give anterior and posterior portions?

A) Median
B) Transverse
C) Sagittal
D) Frontal or coronal

40) If the abdominal cavity is cut horizontally, separating the stomach from the lower intestines, it was cut on a

A) transverse plane.
B) midsagittal plane.
C) frontal plane.
D) longitudinal section.

41) A typical chest X-ray that allows the top and bottom of both lungs to be imaged is one that is taken in the _______ plane.

A) frontal
B) midsagittal
C) transverse
D) parasagittal

42) The term 'viscera' refers to

A) internal organs.
B) tissues.
C) cells.
D) atoms.

43) Which two cavities does the diaphragm separate?

A) Abdominal and pelvic
B) Dorsal and ventral
C) Thoracic and abdominal
D) Cranial and spinal

44) The thoracic cavity is part of which larger cavity?

A) Anterior cavity
B) Dorsal cavity
C) Abdominopelvic cavity

45) If a person was diagnosed as having a tumor in the posterior cavity, where might you expect to find it?

A) Abdominal or pelvic cavities
B) Superior canal or inferior cavity
C) Thoracic or abdominal cavities
D) Cranial cavity or vertebral canal

46) The mediastinum is part of the

A) pleural and ventral cavities.
B) thoracic and dorsal cavities.
C) thoracic and ventral cavities.
D) abdominopelvic and ventral cavities.

47) In which cavity would you find the brain?

A) Anterior cavity
B) Posterior cavity
C) Abdominopelvic cavity
D) Oral cavity

48) Another name for the anterior body cavity is the __________ cavity.

A) dorsal
B) ventral
C) cranial
D) oral

49) The membranes that cover the brain and spinal cord are called

A) meninges.
B) the peritoneum.
C) pleurae.
D) the mediastinum.

50) Cerebrospinal fluid is associated with

A) the meninges.
B) serosae of the thoracic cavity.
C) synovial joints.
D) visceral peritoneum.

51) In which cavity would you find the stomach?

A) Pleural cavity
B) Dorsal cavity
C) Abdominopelvic cavity
D) Mediastinum

52) The lungs can be found in which cavity?

A) Spinal cavity
B) Abdominal cavity
C) Mediastinum
D) Pleural cavity

53) The liver can be found in which cavity?

A) Dorsal cavity
B) Abdominal cavity
C) Pericardial cavity
D) Pleural cavity

54) Most of the stomach can be found in the _______ quadrant of the abdominal cavity.

A) upper left
B) upper right
C) lower left
D) lower right

55) If someone had surgery to remove their appendix, in which abdominal quadrant would the incision be made?

A) Upper left
B) Upper right
C) Lower left
D) Lower right

56) Most of the liver is found in which abdominopelvic region?

A) Left iliac
B) Right lumbar
C) Umbilical
D) Right hypochondriac

57) The majority of the small intestine is found in which abdominopelvic region?

A) Epigastric
B) Right hypochondriac
C) Umbilical
D) Left hypochondriac

58) The urinary bladder is found in which abdominopelvic region?

A) Hypogastric
B) Left lumbar
C) Right iliac
D) Umbilical

59) Which refers to a membrane attached to the surface of a lung?

A) Visceral pleura
B) Parietal pleura
C) Visceral peritoneum
D) Parietal peritoneum

60) Which of the following refers to the membrane lining the abdominal cavity wall?

A) Parietal pericardium
B) Visceral peritoneum
C) Parietal peritoneum
D) Visceral pleura

61) Someone is rushed to the hospital with acute appendicitis. Which serous membrane is in danger of infection?

A) Peritoneum
B) Pleura
C) Meninges
D) Pericardium

62) The inflammation of the membranes of the posterior (dorsal) cavity is called

A) serositis.
B) pleurisy.
C) meningitis.
D) pericarditis.

63) Which pair of terms is correctly matched?

A) Pericarditis - inflammation of the membrane around the lungs
B) Peritonitis - inflammation of the membranes in the abdominal cavity
C) Pleurisy - inflammation of the membranes around the heart
D) Peritonitis - inflammation of membranes around nerves

64) Which system are the blood vessels part of?

A) Endocrine
B) Cardiovascular
C) Reproductive
D) Nervous

65) Which system is home to the organs that produce and secrete hormones?

A) Endocrine
B) Cardiovascular
C) Reproductive
D) Nervous

66) Which system are the testes part of?

A) Urinary
B) Cardiovascular
C) Reproductive
D) Nervous

67) Which system is the spinal cord part of?

A) Endocrine
B) Lymphatic
C) Skeletal
D) Nervous

68) The kidneys and ureters are part of the

A) endocrine system.
B) urinary system.
C) lymphatic system.
D) digestive system.

69) The spleen and thymus are part of the

A) cardiovascular system.
B) respiratory system.
C) digestive system.
D) lymphatic and immune systems.

70) Transportation within the body is mainly the function of

A) the nervous system.
B) the skin.
C) the skeleton.
D) the cardiovascular system.

71) The _________ system's main functions are support, movement, and protection.

A) nervous
B) endocrine
C) skeletal
D) cardiovascular

72) Integration and coordination are the function of the body's

A) nervous system.
B) skin.
C) skeleton.
D) cardiovascular system.

73) Which of the following is NOT a function of the skeletal system?

A) Production of blood cells
B) Support
C) Production of heat
D) Mineral storage

74) Which system's main functions are regulating blood volume and blood chemistry?

A) Integumentary system
B) Lymphatic system
C) Urinary system
D) Digestive system

75) The term "homeostasis"refers to

A) changing external conditions.
B) stable external conditions.
C) changing internal conditions.
D) stable internal conditions.

76) Which of the following provides the best example of a negative feedback control mechanism?

A) Increased body temperature in response to exercise
B) Increased uterine contractions in response to oxytocin during labor
C) Putting on a sweater because you think it is cold outside
D) Shivering and generating heat in response to a drop in body temperature

77) Which of the following occurs as a result of positive feedback and assists in the maintenance of homeostasis?

A) Body temperature regulation
B) Blood pH regulation
C) Blood clot formation
D) Blood cell production

78) A loop that enhances a signal to complete a process with a clear cutoff point is a ___________ feedback system.

A) servo
B) negative
C) positive
D) single-effector

79) Which component of a feedback system brings conditions back to the normal range?

A) Afferent
B) Sensor
C) Effector
D) Thermostat

80) What occurs as a result of a negative feedback mechanism?

A) The change moves farther from the set point in a negative direction.
B) A variable is kept close to its set point.
C) A negative change is accentuated.
D) A body function is stopped.

81) The two organ systems involved in controlling all other systems to maintain homeostasis are the

A) skeletal and muscular.
B) nervous and endocrine.
C) urinary and respiratory.
D) endocrine and digestive.

82) The two organ systems involved in providing oxygen to the body and removing carbon dioxide are the

A) cardiovascular and respiratory.
B) respiratory and digestive.
C) integumentary and muscular.
D) reproductive and nervous.

83) Which system's function is to drain tissue fluid and keep it free of pathogens?

A) Integumentary system
B) Lymphatic system
C) Muscular system
D) Urinary system

84) Which body system removes metabolic wastes and helps maintain acid-base balance?

A) Urinary system
B) Digestive system
C) Immune system
D) Endocrine system

85) A disease that occurs suddenly and does not last a long time is considered

A) chronic.
B) local.
C) systemic.
D) acute.

86) An ear infection is considered a/an ______ disease.

A) orbital
B) local
C) systemic
D) pandemic

87) In a PET scan, metabolically active tissues emit __________ which can be used to generate an image that is valuable for diagnoses of certain types of cancer and brain diseases.

A) gamma rays
B) electrons
C) protons
D) electrical

88) What type of medical scan is more useful for visualizing soft tissue?

A) X-ray
B) MRI

89) What is used in sonography to create an image?

A) Sound waves
B) Electrons
C) Gamma rays
D) X-rays

90) The crural region is ________ to the femoral region.

A) superior
B) distal
C) lateral
D) deep

91) A home heating system is an example of a ______ feedback system; the thermostat acts as the

A) negative; control center.
B) negative; effector.
C) positive; sensor.
D) positive; set point.