Chapter 3: Correctional History

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. In the 1940s, Folsom Prison in California separated inmates by ______.

a. race

b. class

c. age

d. education

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Grand Reforms

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Entities that carefully classify inmates into treatment programs that address their needs and perceived deficiencies are called ______.

a. prisons

b. jails

c. correctional institutions

d. reformatories

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Grand Reforms

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The Walnut Street Jail was built in ______.

a. Pittsburgh

b. Boston

c. New York

d. Philadelphia

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which of the following was NOT an aspect of the Walnut Street prison?

a. required attendance at religious services

b. children housed with adults

c. based on reforms of John Howard

d. debtors separated from felons

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The ______ Pennsylvania Prison came to epitomize that state’s system.

a. Western

b. Eastern

c. Southern

d. Northern

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What religious group had a profound influence on early Pennsylvania prisons?

a. Catholics

b. Baptists

c. Quakers

d. Calvinists

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. The ______ in England was modeled after Pennsylvania prisons.

a. Enfield Prison

b. Manchester Prison

c. Pentonville Prison

d. Sheffield Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Captain Elam Lynds, a noted warden of early New York facilities, claimed ______ was the backbone of prison administration.

a. physical punishment

b. hard labor

c. prayer

d. silence

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. ______ was one of the early institutions built in America that followed the Quaker principles and ideas.

a. Newgate Prison

b. Pentonville Prison

c. Folsom Prison

d. Sing Sing Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The separate system is part of which model?

a. Pennsylvania prison model

b. New York prison model

c. Walnut Street Jail

d. Western Pennsylvania Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The congregate system is part of which model?

a. Pennsylvania system

b. New York system

c. Walnut Street Jail

d. Western Pennsylvania Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Which early prison was built to hold inmates in complete solitary confinement, with no labor, for the full span of their sentence?

a. Walnut Street Jail

b. Western Pennsylvania Prison

c. Auburn Prison

d. Sing Sing Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. To which early facility were inmates being sent “up the river”?

a. Walnut Street Jail

b. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison

c. Auburn Prison

d. Sing Sing Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. In Beaumont and Tocqueville’s outline, which prison did they consider to be even worse than Walnut Street Jail?

a. Auburn

b. Sing Sing

c. Pittsburgh

d. Cherry Hill

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which institution was also known as Cherry Hill?

a. Auburn

b. Sing Sing

c. Western Pennsylvania

d. Eastern Pennsylvania

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Walnut Street Jail was a part of which prison system?

a. Pennsylvania

b. Texas

c. New York

d. Georgia

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Auburn Prison was a part of which prison system?

a. Georgia

b. New York

c. Pennsylvania

d. Texas

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Western and Eastern Prisons were a part of which prison system?

a. Texas

b. New York

c. Pennsylvania

d. Georgia

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Sing Sing Prison was a part of which prison system?

a. Pennsylvania

b. Georgia

c. Texas

d. New York

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which New York prison was most ambitious in reform efforts?

a. Elmira

b. Auburn

c. Sing Sing

d. Walnut Street

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Which prison was constructed in 1773 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania?

a. Elmira

b. Walnut Street

c. Sing Sing

d. Auburn

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which philosophy was embedded within the Walnut Street Jail?

a. deterrence

b. rehabilitation

c. penitence

d. incapacitation

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Which of the following was a focus of the Newgate Prison in New York?

a. rehabilitation

b. deterrence

c. penitence

d. incapacitation

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The Western Pennsylvania Prison was devised to operate in which fashion?

a. solitary and separate

b. labor intensive

c. religious redemption

d. rehabilitation

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. ______ was the first to incorporate hot water and flush toilets in the individual cells.

a. Western Pennsylvania Prison

b. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison

c. Auburn Prison

d. Sing Sing Prison

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Pentonville Prison was modeled after which prison system?

a. Auburn

b. New York

c. Pennsylvania

d. Walnut Street

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Why was the practice of solitary confinement in prison cells abandoned in the New York model?

a. It created camaraderie among prisoners.

b. It increased the costs of running the facilities.

c. It hampered the efficient production of goods.

d. It increased the prison guards’ workload.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. The New York model for imprisonment was preferred over which prison system?

a. Georgia

b. Texas

c. Pennsylvania

d. Virginia

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Who was the first warden of Auburn Prison?

a. Elam Lynds

b. Dorothea Dix

c. Thomas Eddy

d. Jeremy Bentham

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. Beaumont and Tocqueville felt that solitary confinement ______.

a. encouraged religious growth

b. prevented violence

c. drove inmates insane

d. reduced the cost of incarceration

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Dorothea Dix described many jails, particularly those that did not separate inmates, as ______.

a. a free school of vice

b. an accident waiting to happen

c. a crime against humanity

d. a waste of taxpayer money

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. The influential book Remarks on Prisons and Prison Discipline in the United States was written by ______.

a. Elam Lynds

b. Dorothea Dix

c. John Howard

d. Thomas Eddy

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. Dorothea Dix preferred the ______ model over the ______ model of prisons.

a. Northern; Southern

b. Southern; Northern

c. New York; Pennsylvania

d. Pennsylvania; New York

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Why did Beaumont and Tocqueville support the practice of maintaining the solitude of inmates at night and silence during the day?

a. Silence led to reflection and redemption.

b. Solitude and silence increased interaction among inmates.

c. Solitude and silence enhanced the working environment for prison staff.

d. Prisoners’ families supported the practice.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. Who was Dorothea Dix?

a. an early advocate of capital punishment

b. the first woman to become warden of Sing Sing Prison

c. a teacher and penal and insane asylum reformer

d. the first woman to become warden of Walnut Street Jail

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. The ______ system was a graduated reward system in which a prisoner could earn points for good behavior, in turn entitling the prisoner to privileges.

a. gold star

b. marks

c. Pennsylvania

d. New York

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which of the following did Dorothea Dix believe to be true of most prison systems?

a. They were understaffed.

b. Although they were overcrowded, there was still good leadership.

c. They were not overcrowded.

d. They needed to use harsher punishment.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. The ______ Reformatory was founded in New York in 1876 and used the marks system.

a. Sing Sing

b. Elmira

c. Attica

d. Erie

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Renewed Promise of Reform

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Which of the following is the purpose of the marks system?

a. discipline

b. punishment

c. negative reinforcement

d. entertainment

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Renewed Promise of Reform

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. The marks system is ______.

a. a graduated reward system providing privileges to prisoners for good behavior

b. the use of inmates’ labor by farmers or other contractors

c. a type of discipline instituted in the New York prison model

d. a set of informal rules that inmates live by vis-à-vis the institution and staff

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Renewed Promise of Reform

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. In what year did the American Prison Congress convene?

a. 1860

b. 1870

c. 1880

d. 1890

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Renewed Promise of Reform

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. In which century did probation and parole develop?

a. 19th

b. 18th

c. 20th

d. 21st

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Creation of Probation and Parole

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. The contract and lease system involved ______.

a. a graduated reward system for prisons that provided privileges for good behavior

b. the use of inmates’ labor by farmers or other contractors

c. a type of discipline instituted in the New York Prison model

d. Informal rules that inmates lived by vis-à-vis the institution and staff

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Prior to the Civil War, there was little use of prisons because ______.

a. labor was prized and needed in the fields

b. accused criminals were normally summarily executed

c. undesirables were exiled back to England

d. court systems had not yet been widely adopted

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

45. In which part of the country were prisons seldom used before the Civil War?

a. North

b. South

c. East

d. West

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

46. By the 1930s, industrial prisons had failed primarily due to opposition from ______.

a. religious groups

b. social reformers

c. labor unions

d. civil libertarians

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. The convict code is ______.

a. a graduated reward system that provides prisoners with privileges for good behavior

b. the use of inmates’ labor by farmers or other contractors

c. a type of discipline instituted in the New York prison model

d. a set of informal rules that inmates live by vis-à-vis the institution and staff

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

48. Which of the following is a justification for warehouse prisons?

a. incapacitation

b. rehabilitation

c. penitence

d. poverty

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. The medical model is associated with ______.

a. incapacitation

b. deterrence

c. parole

d. rehabilitation

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Which of the following has been the overriding theme in correctional history?

a. power

b. money

c. religion

d. humanism

Learning Objective: 3-6: Describe the prevailing themes in correctional history.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Inmates did not suffer in the first prison systems.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Grand Reforms

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The term correctional institutions was originally applied only to prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The Grand Reforms

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The Walnut Street Jail was a part of the Pennsylvania prison system.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Auburn was a part of the Pennsylvania prison system.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. The stated purpose of solitary confinement was to achieve reform or rehabilitation.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The state of Ohio shocked Beaumont and Tocqueville by the barbarous state of its prisons compared to its humanitarian penal code.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Eastern Pennsylvania Prison was the largest building in America in the 1820s.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Walnut Street Jail was originally used to house violent offenders.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Dr. Benjamin Rush led the reform efforts of the Philadelphia Society for Alleviating the Miseries of Public Prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Contamination and indolence were the two major faults of Walnut Street Jail.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Newgate Prison in New York used corporal punishment.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. The Pennsylvania prison model was known as the separate system.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Prisoners from Walnut Street Jail built Sing Sing Prison in 1825.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Benjamin Rush was the first warden of the Elmira Reformatory.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Solitary confinement remained in existence at the Eastern Penitentiary until after the Civil War and was not formally ended until 1913.

Learning Objective: 3-2: Evaluate the two predominate prison systems of the early 1800s and their strengths and weaknesses.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Some early prisons allowed visitors to pay to be spectators at the prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Dorothea Dix explored the idea of recidivism.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Dorothea Dix was the first warden of the Elmira Reformatory.

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Contract and lease systems were devised to use inmates’ labor.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Stateville Prison in Illinois was built as an octagon.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. The medical model is a rehabilitation model that assumes criminals are sick and need treatment.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. There was a boom in prison building across the country between 1950 and 1970.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Rehabilitation was the philosophy behind warehouse prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Warehouse prisons were involved in the large-scale production of goods for sale in the open market.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The prevailing theme of corrections throughout American history has been money.

Learning Objective: 3-6: Describe the prevailing themes in correctional history.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Why were southern prisons little used prior to the Civil War?

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Why was solitary confinement used? What were the consequences of this practice for inmates?

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. What is the marks system? Discuss its role in early American corrections.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Renewed Promise of Reform

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Discuss in detail the history and significance of Walnut Street Jail.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Discuss the Pennsylvania and New York systems. Which do you believe was better from inception? Why?

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Discuss the features of Cherry Hill. Include the reasoning behind its unique structures.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. What were the problems faced by the Eastern Pennsylvania Prison and separate system?

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Describe the creation and history of the Elmira Reformatory.

Learning Objective: 3-4: Explain why reform of prisons and jails was needed and how those reform efforts worked out.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Renewed Promise of Reform

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Identify and explain the differences between the contract system and the lease system.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Southern and Northern Prisons and the Contract and Lease Systems, and Industrial Prisons

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Describe the history and significance of Stateville Prison.

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Who was Dorothea Dix and why was she important?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. In your opinion, what would Dorothea Dix think of prisons in contemporary America?

Learning Objective: 3-3: Summarize what the social critics (Beaumont, Tocqueville, and Dix) thought of the early prisons and why.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Early Prisons and Jails Not Reformed

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Explain how money has been a crucial issue in the development of America’s prison systems.

Learning Objective: 3-6: Describe the prevailing themes in correctional history.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Entire chapter

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Discuss the significance of religion in early American prisons.

Learning Objective: 3-1: Describe the origins of early modern prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Early Modern Prisons and the Pennsylvania and New York Models

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What is the medical model and what role did it play in the development of American prisons?

Learning Objective: 3-5: Assess where we are today in America in terms of prison types and how we got there.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Correctional Institutions or Warehouse Prisons?

Difficulty Level: Medium