Chapter 23 Exam Questions New Deal America, 1929 1939

Chapter 23: New Deal America, 1929–1939

CORE OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

TRUE/FALSE

1. In the 1920s many investors bought stocks on margin—that is, with borrowed funds.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

TOP: The Stock Market during the Twenties

2. Economists to this day debate the various factors that caused the Great Depression, but most stress that the factors were interrelated.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

TOP: Why the Economy Collapsed

3. During the Great Depression, a thousand Americans per day lost their homes to foreclosure.

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

TOP: Homelessness

4. At one point during the Great Depression, states passed laws prohibiting the employment of married women.

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

TOP: The Plight of Married Working Women

5. The Dust Bowl was a terrible drought across southern Arizona and New Mexico.

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

TOP: Dust Bowl Migrants

6. Herbert Hoover refused to involve the government in efforts to relieve the effects of economic depression.

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

TOP: Hoover’s Reaction to the Social Crisis

7. Early in his presidency, Roosevelt ended Prohibition.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

TOP: The Federal Budget and the End of Prohibition

8. The CCC addressed the problem of overcharging by doctors and others in the medical and health professions.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

TOP: The CCC

9. By 1935 the NRA had become unpopular.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

TOP: Reviving the Industrial Sector

10. The AAA required farmers to donate surplus crops and livestock to feed the poor.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

TOP: Agricultural Assistance

11. Eleanor Roosevelt was a shy person who shunned attention, but she did much work behind the scenes to raise support for her husband’s New Deal.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

TOP: Eleanor Roosevelt

12. FDR made black civil rights a major priority, ordering that New Deal programs not practice racial discrimination.

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

TOP: African Americans and the New Deal

13. Whereas the New Deal dramatically improved the lives of African Americans across the United States, it made life worse for Native Americans.

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

TOP: Native Americans and the Depression

14. By the end of 1936, the Supreme Court had proven itself an enemy of Roosevelt’s New Deal.

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

TOP: The Supreme Court versus The New Deal

15. FDR called the Social Security Act the most significant achievement of the New Deal.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

TOP: Social Security

16. The Wagner Act helped dramatically boost union membership.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

TOP: A New Direction for Unions

17. Despite the New Deal, full recovery from the Depression did not come until the crisis of World War II.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

TOP: A Slumping Economy

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. An excellent example of the reckless speculation of the late 1920s was

a. avoiding investing in the stock market.

b. buying stock on margin.

c. saving money.

d. paying broker fees.

e. requiring that stockholders be licensed.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Stock Market during the Twenties

MSC: Understanding

2. Economists call a marked slowdown in economic growth a

a. recession.

b. decline.

c. slump.

d. collapse.

e. boom.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Crash

MSC: Remembering

3. Which of the following statements regarding the American economy at the end of the 1920s in the years leading into the Great Depression is correct?

a. Hourly workers’ wages had risen along with increased productivity.

b. Employers and business owners did not see any large profits.

c. Consumer spending increased too much.

d. Fewer workers were joining unions.

e. Factories and mills were not producing enough goods.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Why the Economy Collapsed

MSC: Evaluating

4. As farm productivity __________, farmers earned __________ from their crops.

a. increased; less

b. decreased; more

c. increased; more

d. stagnated; more

e. stalled; more

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Why the Economy Collapsed

MSC: Applying

5. Why did more than 1,000 economists warn against the Smoot-Hawley Tariff of 1930, which Hoover went on to sign anyway?

a. It would raise prices on most products and raw materials by impeding imports.

b. It was too low of a tariff and thereby would not have an effect on the economy.

c. It would allow international trade to flourish but destroy the American economy.

d. It would repair the German economy, leading to animosity from other European nations.

e. It would drastically raise the GDP and make it easier for European nations to afford American goods.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Government Actions and the Economy

MSC: Evaluating

6. Because of the actions of the Federal Reserve, the American money supply __________ in the period from 1929 to 1932.

a. doubled

b. tripled

c. quadrupled

d. stayed the same

e. shrank

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Government Actions and the Economy

MSC: Remembering

7. Which of the following statements regarding Europe’s role in the Great Depression is accurate?

a. The Great Depression was a strictly American event.

b. Many European nations had not recovered from World War I and had high debts.

c. The United States had to borrow money from Germany after World War I.

d. Germany was in a strong financial position after World War I.

e. America owed many European nations money in the aftermath of World War I.

OBJ: 1. Identify the major causes of the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Impact of Europe’s Economy

MSC: Applying

8. Which of the following statements about the extent of who the Great Depression affected is accurate?

a. Only the poor experienced a declining quality of life.

b. Only the rich experienced a declining quality of life.

c. The middle class was untouched by the Great Depression.

d. Business owners were the only people affected.

e. The Great Depression affected people of all classes and backgrounds.

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: The Human Toll of the Depression

MSC: Applying

9. Which of the following statements regarding the effects of the Great Depression is accurate?

a. Hunger was widespread during the Great Depression.

b. Malnutrition was not a serious concern during the Great Depression.

c. Homelessness decreased during the Great Depression.

d. Despite lowered wages, unemployment levels remained relatively low.

e. By 1933, nearly all homeless Americans lived inside poorhouses.

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: Hunger

MSC: Understanding

10. Which of the following statements regarding married women during the Great Depression is correct?

a. Married women often held the high-paying jobs of the period.

b. At the beginning of the Depression, married women were the first to be targeted by employers in layoffs.

c. As the Depression intensified, working married women came to be the primary targets of layoffs.

d. Married women luckily always had employed husbands to take care of them.

e. If laid off, married women could relax and take care of their families.

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: The Plight of Married Working Women

MSC: Analyzing

11. Which of the following groups had the highest rate of joblessness in the early years of the Great Depression?

a. African Americans

b. Mexicans

c. Asians

d. whites

e. married women

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: African Americans, Mexicans, and Asians

MSC: Understanding

12. In response to the crises of the Great Depression, states deported hundreds of thousands of __________ and __________.

a. Filipino Americans; Chinese Americans

b. Japanese Americans; Chinese Americans

c. Filipino Americans; Mexican Americans

d. Mexican Americans; Chinese Americans

e. Mexican Americans; their American-born children

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: African Americans, Mexicans, and Asians

MSC: Understanding

13. Which of the following states was among those hardest hit by the Dust Bowl?

a. Indiana

b. Colorado

c. Idaho

d. California

e. Arizona

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Dust Bowl Migrants

MSC: Remembering

14. The majority of Dust Bowl refugees came from

a. the deep South, including Georgia and South Carolina.

b. southern Arizona and the valleys of central California.

c. dry, arid areas in Midwestern states such as Ohio and Illinois.

d. cotton belt communities in Arkansas, Texas, Missouri, and Oklahoma

e. industrial areas such as New York and Pennsylvania

OBJ: 2. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on the lives of the American people.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Dust Bowl Migrants

MSC: Understanding

15. According to your textbook, what was the initial response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression?

a. The Hoover administration lowered taxes.

b. The Hoover administration lowered tariffs.

c. The Hoover administration provided food to the starving.

d. The Hoover administration sought foreign aid.

e. The Hoover administration denied the problem.

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: From Hooverism to the New Deal

MSC: Understanding

16. President Hoover tried to balance the federal budget by passing the __________, but the plan was shortsighted and accelerated the economic slowdown.

a. Banking Act of 1933

b. Revenue Act of 1932

c. Hawley-Smoot Tariff of 1930

d. Emergency Banking Relief Act

e. Wagner Act

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Shortsighted Tax Increases

MSC: Remembering

17. When the Great Depression broke out, the American federal government had __________ programs in place to deal with homelessness and joblessness.

a. no

b. a few funded

c. only some specialized

d. many broad

e. thousands of

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Hoover’s Reaction to the Social Crisis

MSC: Understanding

18. President Hoover believed the best ways to help the needy during the Great Depression were __________ and __________.

a. lower taxes; lower interest rates

b. lower taxes; lower tariffs

c. socialism; Communism

d. self-reliance; voluntarism

e. Federal programs; higher taxes

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Hoover’s Reaction to the Social Crisis

MSC: Understanding

19. The Reconstruction Finance Corporation was created to do what?

a. Buy houses that had been foreclosed on

b. Loan money to struggling banks, life-insurance companies, and railroads

c. Aid the hungry and organize subsidized lunch programs for schools

d. Provide shelter to the homeless and decrease the need for shantytowns

e. Provide jobs to the unemployed and control wages

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Congressional Initiatives

MSC: Understanding

20. Who made up the so-called Bonus Expeditionary Force?

a. Big Business leaders

b. Members of state militias

c. World War I veterans

d. Out-of-work women

e. People left homeless by the Dust Bowl

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Farmers and Veterans in Protest

MSC: Understanding

21. What did Franklin Delano Roosevelt do throughout the presidential campaign of 1932?

a. He defended Herbert Hoover and other Republicans regarding their role in the Depression.

b. He stated he was unwilling to create any short-term deficits, even in the name of reviving the economy.

c. He promised to stick with traditions within government rather than experimentation.

d. He refused to convey hope to the American public due to the gravity of the times.

e. He repeatedly promised a bold new deal for the American people.

OBJ: 3. Explain the response of the Hoover administration to the Great Depression.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The 1932 Election

MSC: Analyzing

22. Roosevelt could identify with the poor and the suffering because

a. he was born into poverty and knew what financial hardship was like.

b. his wife Eleanor came from a poor background.

c. he had contracted polio and been left disabled.

d. the Great Depression had caused him to abandon his energetic, visionary nature.

e. he did not have political or public relations experience before becoming President.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Roosevelt’s New Deal

MSC: Evaluating

23. Which of the following actions was part of President Roosevelt’s three-pronged strategy during his first hundred days in office?

a. Waiting to offer relief to the unemployed until most of his reforms had gone into effect

b. Forbidding unions from playing a part in economic recovery

c. Paying farmers “subsidies” to raise commodity prices

d. Aiding European governments abroad

e. Reforming the global economy to prevent another Great Depression

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The First Hundred Days

MSC: Understanding

24. The purpose of the Emergency Banking Relief Act was to

a. restore confidence in American banks.

b. provide money to those who lost it in the stock market collapse.

c. save money by shutting down the federal government.

d. lend federal money to banks in trouble.

e. give the Treasury time to print more paper currency.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Banking Regulation

MSC: Evaluating

25. The __________ guaranteed customer savings accounts in banks up to $2,500 and thereby made future panics less likely.

a. Emergency Banking Act

b. Securities and Exchange Commission

c. Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation

d. Tennessee Valley Authority

e. Economy Act

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Banking Regulation

MSC: Remembering

26. What did the Securities and Exchange Commission do?

a. It allowed for unlicensed stock brokers.

b. It set up the Wall Street Stock Exchange.

c. It regulated the trading and issuance of stocks and bonds.

d. It instituted a four day bank holiday.

e. It made speculation illegal.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Regulating Wall Street

MSC: Understanding

27. The Twenty-First Amendment, passed in 1933, allowed

a. American women to vote.

b. Americans to drink alcohol again.

c. Americans to peacefully assemble.

d. Americans to avoid military service.

e. Native Americans to vote.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: The Federal Budget and the End of Prohibition

MSC: Understanding

28. The first large-scale federal experiment with work relief was

a. the Works Progress Administration (WPA).

b. the Civil Works Administration (CWA).

c. the Federal Emergency Relief Administration (FERA).

d. the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).

e. Social Security.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Putting People to Work

MSC: Understanding

29. Which of the following correctly describes the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?

a. It guaranteed that deposits in savings accounts remained secure.

b. It helped homeowners refinance their mortgages to avoid bankruptcy.

c. It hired young people to perform reforestation and conservation work.

d. It resulted in the creation of the Bonus Expeditionary Force.

e. It was of the least successful New Deal programs.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The CCC

MSC: Remembering

30. Which of the following was true of the National Recovery Act (NRA)?

a. Its primary purpose was to aggressively enforce anti-trust laws.

b. It forbid the government from playing a role in setting prices for products.

c. It limited workers’ collective bargaining rights, causing unions to decrease in prominence.

d. It allowed major industries to draft “codes of fair competition” and create fair labor standards.

e. It required that individuals in poverty be given cash or a “dole.”

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Reviving the Industrial Sector

MSC: Analyzing

31. Which of the following is true of the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA)?

a. It prevented Americans from wasting food and crops and increased the number of livestock.

b. It allowed hundreds of thousands of tenant farmers and sharecroppers to return to the land to increase production.

c. It froze the prices of farm products and did not require new taxes.

d. It provided federal subsidies to farmers who cut farm production to raise crop prices for all.

e. It lowered food prices to help unemployed Americans feed their families.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Agricultural Assistance

MSC: Analyzing

32. Which of the following statements about the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA) is accurate?

a. It focused on providing equal opportunities for African Americans in the workforce.

b. Like the CCC, it was considered a failure and resulted in the end of the New Deal.

c. It was established to enforce Prohibition laws in poor parts of the country.

d. It brought flood control, reforestation, jobs, and hydroelectric power to Appalachia.

e. It discouraged the formation of unions in southern states.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Regional Planning: the TVA

MSC: Remembering

33. Which of the following statements characterizes Eleanor Roosevelt as First Lady?

a. She promoted social reform and was an outspoken activist.

b. She considered hosting events in the White House her most important role.

c. She shied away from public speaking but sat in on important meetings.

d. She divorced Roosevelt and renounced the role of First Lady.

e. She wanted to have as little influence as possible and focused on supporting her husband.

OBJ: 4. Assess the goals and accomplishments of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Eleanor Roosevelt

MSC: Understanding

34. According to your textbook, Roosevelt’s early higher taxes of the first New Deal were often criticized by __________ and __________.

a. farmers; Democrats

b. farmers; Populists

c. business leaders; political conservatives

d. Populists; whites

e. Native Americans; Democrats

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The New Deal under Fire

MSC: Understanding

35. Which of the following statements regarding African Americans and the New Deal is correct?

a. Eleanor Roosevelt used her role to promote racial segregation and prejudice against African Americans.

b. Although met with resistance, President Roosevelt put in enormous effort to help eliminate existing American racism.

c. The New Deal greatly helped African Americans, especially through programs such as the AAA and the FHA.

d. Even in the later years of the New Deal, African Americans were forbidden from holding any government positions.

e. Many New Deal programs discriminated against African Americans, because President Roosevelt feared angering conservative Southern Democrats..

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: African Americans and the New Deal

MSC: Applying

36. The infamous Alabama court case that convicted nine black boys of raping two white women on flimsy evidence is the case of the __________ boys.

a. Jonesboro

b. Scottsboro

c. Potomac

d. Alabama

e. Wright

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Court Cases and Civil Liberties

MSC: Remembering

37. What did the Indian Reorganization Act of 1934 do?

a. It prevented tribes from having constitutions or expanding women’s rights.

b. It promoted tribal self-government.

c. It greatly improved the lives of Native Americans.

d. It forced Native Americans to assimilate into white society.

e. It prevented the Bureau of Indian Affairs from interfering in internal Indian matters.

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Native Americans and the Depression

MSC: Understanding

38. The Louisiana native known as the “Kingfish” who criticized President Roosevelt was

a. Huey P. Long.

b. Francis E. Townsend.

c. Charles E. Coughlin.

d. Harry Hopkins.

e. Henry A. Wallace.

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Huey Long

MSC: Remembering

39. The Townsend Plan targeted aid toward which segment of the American population during the Great Depression?

a. African Americans

b. Senior citizens

c. Native Americans

d. Mexican Americans

e. Women

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: The Townsend Plan

MSC: Understanding

40. “Radio priest” and Roosevelt critic Charles E. Coughlin created the __________ in 1935.

a. Share-the-Wealth Society

b. Townsend Plan

c. National Union for Social Justice

d. National Labor Relations Board

e. Economy Act

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: Father Coughlin

MSC: Remembering

41. The Supreme Court in Schechter Poultry Corporation v. United States ruled that

a. President Roosevelt should be given more federal authority to enact the New Deal.

b. President Roosevelt should end the Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA).

c. the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA) was unconstitutional.

d. Congress had given Roosevelt too much authority in labor relations.

e. the minimum wage in the United States needed to be raised.

OBJ: 5. Analyze the major criticisms of the early New Deal.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Supreme Court versus The New Deal

MSC: Understanding

42. Which of the following did the Second New Deal focus on?

a. A reduction in taxes on the wealthy

b. Preparations for the Second World War

c. Industry reforms

d. Increased taxes for the middle class

e. Programs to aid the old and infirm

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The Second New Deal

MSC: Understanding

43. The purpose of the Works Progress Administration (WPA) was to

a. help America’s urban youth.

b. aid America’s senior citizens.

c. employ out-of-work Americans.

d. help farmers keep their farms.

e. protect unions and union members.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: The WPA

MSC: Understanding

44. What did the so-called Wagner Act do?

a. It regulated the stock market.

b. It protected American homeowners.

c. It worked to end unions in America.

d. It guaranteed American workers the right to organize.

e. It protected the civil rights of African Americans.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: The Wagner Act

MSC: Evaluating

45. Because the Great Depression was especially hard on American senior citizens and those with disabilities, the Second New Deal included the

a. Agricultural Adjustment Act.

b. Social Security Act.

c. Wagner Act.

d. National Industrial Recovery Act.

e. Wealth-Tax Act.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Historical Documents

TOP: Social Security

MSC: Understanding

46. The first woman cabinet member in American history was

a. Eleanor Roosevelt.

b. Dorothea Dix.

c. Frances Perkins.

d. Mary McLeod Bethune.

e. Marion Anderson.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Social Security

MSC: Remembering

47. The __________ raised the tax rates on annual income of more than $50,000 during the Second New Deal.

a. Agricultural Adjustment Act

b. Wagner Tax

c. Revenue Act of 1935

d. National Tax Act of 1935

e. Recovery Tax Act of 1936

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: Taxing the Rich

MSC: Understanding

48. This labor leader headed the United Mine Workers and supported President Roosevelt’s Second New Deal.

a. Huey Long

b. Francis Townsend

c. Frances Perkins

d. John L. Lewis

e. Harry Hopkins

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Historical Interpretations

TOP: New Directions for Unions

MSC: Understanding

49. In his second presidential election in 1936, Democrat Franklin Roosevelt

a. received very few of the votes cast by African Americans.

b. barely won over Huey Long.

c. won in another landslide victory.

d. lost support in the West, but still won the election.

e. gained support among business owners and the wealthy.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Events and Processes

TOP: Roosevelt’s Second Term

MSC: Remembering

50. In 1937, President Roosevelt tried to add six new justices to the Supreme Court. Why?

a. He wanted to mount a coup.

b. He wanted to change the court’s makeup to aid his policies.

c. He did not trust the justices already in place.

d. Congress gave him that right.

e. He believed the existing justices were overworked.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Historical Period

TOP: The Court-Packing Plan

MSC: Evaluating

51. Franklin Roosevelt and the New Dealers went beyond the progressivism of Theodore Roosevelt and Woodrow Wilson by

a. insisting that the government provide at least a minimal level of support for all Americans.

b. focusing primarily on aggressive regulation of industry to ensure that people had equal opportunities.

c. successfully restoring prosperity and ending record levels of unemployment after the Great Depression.

d. limiting social welfare programs as well as cutting back on the powers granted to the federal government.

e. becoming socialists and seeking to undo the capitalist economic structure of the United States.

OBJ: 6. Evaluate the ways the New Deal evolved and how it transformed the role of federal government.

NAT: Change and Continuity

TOP: A Halfway Revolution

MSC: Evaluating

ESSAY

1. Trace the election of 1932. How did each party settle on its respective nominee, and what was the result of the election?

Answer will vary.

2. Describe the gains made by labor during the New Deal.

Answer will vary.

3. How did the nation’s perceptions of the role of government—its powers and responsibilities—change in the 1930s?

Answer will vary.

4. Describe the various measures that President Roosevelt undertook in his first term to help relieve the human misery in America.

Answer will vary.

5. Although the New Deal programs helped ease the devastation wrought by the Depression, some widespread human suffering continued. Discuss this suffering and the hardships Americans still faced.

Answer will vary.

6. Describe the impact of the Great Depression on society, paying special attention to its effect on various population groups such as women, African Americans, Mexicans, and Asians.

Answer will vary.

7. Write an essay exploring the three phases of the federal government’s efforts to combat the Great Depression. Summarize the strategies, tactics, and results of each phase.

Answer will vary.

8. Write an essay discussing the major criticisms aimed at the New Deal. In what way, if any, were those criticisms handled?

Answer will vary.

9. Explain how Franklin D. Roosevelt attempted to win support of the American people for his leadership during the economic crisis of the Great Depression.

Answer will vary.

10. Explain the main factors that contributed to the Great Depression in 1929 and compare and contrast the responses President Hoover and President Roosevelt crafted to combat the depression.

Answer will vary.

MATCHING

Match each person or event with one of the following descriptions.

a. Was the Republican presidential candidate in 1932

b. Proposed the Share-the-Wealth program

c. Resulted in the overturning of the original convictions in the Scottsboro case because the judge had not ensured the accused were provided adequate defense attorneys

d. Was the BIA commissioner

e. Was the Republican presidential candidate in 1936

f. Resulted in the ruling that the systematic exclusion of African Americans from Alabama juries had denied the Scottsboro defendants equal protection under the law

g. Proposed to pay $200 a month to those over sixty years old who retired and promised to spend the money

h. Had a lifelong compassionate crusade on behalf of women, African Americans, and youth

i. Was a “radio priest”

j. Appointed by Roosevelt as Director of the Division of Negro Affairs within the National Youth Administration

k. Told the story of a family of tenant farmers struggling to survive during the Great Depression

1. John Collier

2. Powell v. Alabama

3. Herbert Hoover

4. Alfred M. Landon

5. Norris v. Alabama

6. Charles E. Coughlin

7. Huey Long

8. Francis E. Townsend

9. John Steinbeck

10. Eleanor Roosevelt

11. Mary McLeod Bethune