Chapter 18: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood and the End of Life

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What type of attitude believes stereotypes of older adults as lonely, lacking close friends and family, rigid, one-dimensional, and sick?

a. ageist

b. realistic

c. gerontological

d. generational

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. An individual with an ageist attitude believes older adults are ______.

a. fulfilled

b. impaired

c. carefree

d. narcissistic

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Socioemotional Development in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Older adults construct their self-concept by ______.

a. focusing more on their negative aspects

b. integrating their negative and positive aspects

c. compartmentalizing their negative and positive aspects

d. denying their positive aspects

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Self in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Over time, adults reframe their sense of self by revising their possible selves in light of ______.

a. how their goals measure against those of their peers

b. how their goals measure against those of society

c. experiences and emphasis on goals related to finances and notoriety

d. experience and emphasis on goals related to relationships and health

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Self in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The results of research on cultural values and personal values toward older adults shows ______.

a. a cultural value towards individualism has little adverse effect on attitudes

b. a cultural value towards individualism has a major effect on attitudes

c. strong personal values of communalism mean a negative attitude

d. strong personal values of individualism mean a positive attitude

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Attitudes toward Old Adults

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. Older adults may employee strategies to hide their age because of ______.

a. a wish to date much younger people

b. negative stereotypes associated with aging

c. a desire to work longer and harder

d. benefits society gives them for their wisdom

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Subjective Age

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Older adults who enjoy good health are most likely to feel ______.

a. worried about aging

b. episodes of depression

c. younger than their years

d. older than their years

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Subjective Age

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Walter is going to be given a series of ability tests. Which type is likely to make him feel the oldest?

a. vocabulary

b. mathematical

c. spatial

d. memory

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Subjective Age

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. A comprehensive reflection of past experiences and contemplation of the meaning of those experiences is called a ______.

a. life review

b. reminiscence

c. cognitive appraisal

d. contemplation

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Joseph loves to sit and tell stories about his childhood and early adulthood on the farm he grew up in. At most family get-togethers, he can be found sitting with at least six or seven grandchildren listening to exciting tales of horse riding and snake catching. What is Joseph engaging in?

a. a life review

b. reminiscence

c. autobiographical sharing

d. subjectivity

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Hard

11. Reminiscence can help adults in managing life transitions by ______.

a. creating a sense of superiority over peers

b. minimizing the stresses others are feeling

c. providing a sense of personal continuity

d. focusing on negative aspects of self

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which process helps elders accept and find meaning in the triumphs and disappointments of their lives?

a. doing a life review

b. reminiscing about events in the past

c. discussing past regrets with loved ones

d. keeping a journal

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Jayne is nearing the end of her life. She has spent a lot of time reflecting on past experiences in her life, such as all the different people she has met, and contemplating the meaning of those experiences and their role in shaping her life. She has become more accepting of others and has a higher life satisfaction. What has Jayne done?

a. engaged in congruence

b. completed a life review

c. reminisced successfully

d. performed a cognitive appraisal

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Matthew is 83 and has been feeling quite down lately. He knows he is reaching the end of his life, and thinks he accomplished very little. He is withdrawing from friends and family, who are concerned about his isolation. Which approach could his friends and family use to help Matthew increase his well-being and quality of life?

a. stage a life review intervention

b. tell him to stop feeling sorry for himself

c. discuss past regrets with him

d. ask him to keep a journal

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. A sense of coherence in life experiences and the conclusion that one’s life is meaningful and valuable is called ______.

a. religiosity

b. morality

c. egotistical personality

d. ego integrity

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ego Integrity

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. According to Erikson, the alternative to developing a sense of integrity is ______.

a. calmness

b. sadness

c. despair

d. narcissism

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ego Integrity

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Ego integrity relies on ______.

a. need to make amends for past mistakes

b. emotional responses

c. need for concrete reasoning

d. dialectical reasoning

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ego Integrity

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Samuel is 80 years old and loves his grandchildren. He tells them that he is happy that he made a difference in the lives of people by being a general practice physician, and for organizing his synagogue’s community outreach program. He encourages his grandchildren to follow their hearts and make a difference in the world. Samuel can be described as ______.

a. spending too much time reminiscing

b. having little need to do a life review

c. having a high subjective age

d. reaching a sense of ego integrity

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Ego Integrity

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. Which of the Big 5 personality traits tends to increase all the way through late adulthood?

a. extroversion

b. openness

c. agreeableness

d. conscientiousness

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Which statement describes conscientiousness and age?

a. declines from 30 to 90

b. peaks between 50 and 70 and then declines

c. continues to increase well into the eighties

d. shows a sharp decline in the fifties

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. Individuals who are extroverted, agreeable, conscientious, and emotionally stable are likely to ______.

a. complete a successful life review

b. show increases in well-being

c. have strong social support

d. have higher levels of education

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Which Big 5 personality trait is associated with worse average cognitive functioning and a steeper rate of decline?

a. lower levels of openness

b. higher levels of extroversion.

c. higher levels of neuroticism

d. lower levels of conscientiousness

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Well-being correlates with lower levels of ______.

a. neuroticism

b. extroversion

c. agreeableness

d. conscientiousness

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Christopher is an older adult who is described as happy, self-contented, self-centered, laid back, satisfied with what he has, and less preoccupied with productivity. As he ages, Christopher’s personality style will cause him to ______.

a. have a smaller number of friends because of self-centeredness

b. have a greater connection to family

c. develop a sense of acceptance

d. experience greater despair for feeling like a failure

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Hard

25. Regarding religion, nearly three fourths of U.S. adults report being ______.

a. uncaring whether God exists or not

b. unsure whether God exists or not

c. absolutely certain God is make believe

d. absolutely certain of the existence of God

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religiosity in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. In North America, which group shows the highest rates of religious participation?

a. high socioeconomic people of the majority group

b. low socioeconomic people of the majority group

c. high socioeconomic ethnic minority groups

d. low socioeconomic ethnic minority groups

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religiosity in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which individual is most likely to identify God as a personal consultant for health-related matters?

a. Joi, who is 28 and Asian American

b. Alejandra, who is 34 and Mexican American

c. Beth, who is 68 and African American

d. Lucille, who is 72 and European American

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religiosity

Difficulty Level: Hard

28. Religiosity is associated with ______.

a. help with finding meaning in life

b. smaller social networks

c. lower self-esteem

d. faster declines in physical functioning

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religiosity

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Religious attendance may facilitate mental health through ______.

a. financial support

b. emotional support

c. discouraging autonomy

d. encouraging collectivism

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Religiosity

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Hubert is an older adult who has a strong sense of religiosity. He prays daily and attends church services every week. He believes that God is in control of his life. Which outcome is Hubert least likely to experience?

a. high sense of self-worth

b. high level of death anxiety

c. low life satisfaction

d. low sense of optimism

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religiosity

Difficulty Level: Hard

31. Providing assistance and support to older adults sends the message that they are ______.

a. needed by others

b. incapable of taking care of themselves

c. valued and gives them a sense of belonging

d. in short supply of time left

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Social Support in Older Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. Low levels of perceived social support are associated with higher rates of ______.

a. positive feelings

b. exercise

c. life satisfaction

d. mortality

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Support in Older Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. A benefit of social support in older adults is ______.

a. promoting longevity

b. giving up control

c. uncertain life satisfaction

d. greater problem-solving ability

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Support in Older Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. Maurice had to give up driving due to his slow reflexes. Since he still enjoys volunteering as a docent at the local botanical gardens, his son sets him up with an app ride account. Which concept does this illustrate?

a. socioemotional selectivity theory

b. life review

c. reminiscence

d. selective optimization with compensation

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Social Support in Older Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Hard

35. Social interaction tends to decline in older adulthood as social networks become ______.

a. active

b. smaller

c. continuous

d. tedious

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Aging and the Social World

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. Disengagement theory involves adults behaving in which manner?

a. turning to places of worship in anticipation of death

b. reviewing choices made to make sense of life

c. choosing to do only certain activities due to skill level

d. withdrawing from society in anticipation of death

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Eleanor is an older adult who has quit volunteering at the food pantry where she used to spend 5 hours a week. She has stopped going to morning coffee with her friends, and her church has called on her much less than in the past. Which theory does this describe?

a. activity

b. continuity

c. disengagement

d. psychosocial

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

38. How do most older adults approach the remainder of their lives?

a. asking others to make decisions for them

b. remaining active and engaging with others

c. choosing self-denial so that others have opportunities

d. withdrawing from society in anticipation of death

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Which theory states that declines in social interaction are due to social barriers to engagement?

a. activity

b. disengagement

c. continuity

d. psychosocial

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Denise retired from her job as a librarian in her local school district even though she loved seeing the children every day. Now that she is retired, she has decided to volunteer at her local library leading story times for preschoolers. What theory of social interaction and elders’ psychological functioning is she demonstrating?

a. activity

b. continuity

c. disengagement

d. psychosocial

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. Research shows that civic engagement in social and productive activities reduced mortality as much as did ______.

a. omega-3 supplements

b. smoking cessation

c. physical fitness

d. moderate drinking

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Easy

42. Which factor is least effective in helping a person maintain a sense of consistency in self?

a. acknowledging and minimizing losses

b. integrating losses with their sense of self

c. increasing number of social contacts

d. optimizing strengths to construct a life path

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

43. According to socioemotional selectivity theory, older adults derive emotional meaning from life by ______.

a. increasing physical activity

b. widening their social circles

c. disengaging from peripheral social ties

d. limiting time spent with family

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Older adults place more emphasis on the emotional quality than on the number of their social relationships and interactions. What theory is consistent with this view?

a. activity

b. cognitive development

c. continuity

d. socioemotional selectivity

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Beverly is spending less time with her old co-workers or her book club and more time with her grandchildren. She has dinner at her daughter’s house twice a week and enjoys picking her grandchildren up from school on Wednesdays. What theory of social interaction and elders’ psychological functioning is she demonstrating?

a. activity

b. cognitive development

c. disengagement

d. socioemotional selectivity

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. In the socioemotional selectivity theory, which function of friendship becomes less important as people age?

a. emotion-regulating

b. companionship

c. information-sharing

d. intimacy

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Socioemotional Selectivity Theory

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. Debbie is an older adult who lives in a suburb of Chicago. The impact of where Debbie lives means that she will most likely ______.

a. experience social isolation and emotional deprivation

b. be healthier, wealthier, and have a higher rate of life satisfaction

c. have lower self-esteem and life satisfaction

d. have health problems and difficulty finding social support

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Neighborhoods

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. Older adults who have the best access to transportation and health and social service tend to live in which type of area?

a. urban

b. suburban

c. rural

d. transitional

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Neighborhoods

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. What percentage of U.S. older adults live in rural areas?

a. 10%

b. 25%

c. 35%

d. 50%

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Neighborhoods

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which older adult is most likely to interact with his neighbors?

a. Ozzie, who lives in New York City

b. Del, who lives in a suburb outside of Miami

c. Mort, who lives in a small town in Nebraska

d. Jack, who lives in the capital of Indiana

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Neighborhoods

Difficulty Level: Hard

51. The majority of older adults prefer to age in ______.

a. their own homes

b. residential communities

c. assisted living facilities

d. nursing homes

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. Elderly women are what percentage more likely to be poor than elderly men?

a. 10%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Easy

53. Older adults in which ethnic group are especially likely to remain in their lifelong neighborhoods and to live in poverty?

a. African American

b. Mexican American

c. European American

d. Asian American

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. Despite the challenges, remaining in a lifelong home gives elders the emotional benefit of ______.

a. a reason to make family come visit

b. making them completely self-sufficient

c. a reason to avoid relocating

d. aiding their sense of identity

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. Doris is 81 and is starting to have some health issues. Her daughter has been encouraging Doris to move in with her and her three teenage kids. However, Doris is hesitant. The most likely reason why is because Doris ______.

a. really dislikes her grandchildren

b. is concerned about losing autonomy

c. thinks her daughter is insincere

d. thinks her grandchildren will be a burden

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Hard

56. The median annual income for older women is how much above the U.S. definition of poverty?

a. $3000

b. $5000

c. $6000

d. $8000

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Feminization of Poverty and the Older Woman

Difficulty Level: Easy

57. Which factor influences whether older women will become or stay poor during the retirement years?

a. emotional status

b. cognitive ability

c. number of children

d. health

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Feminization of Poverty and the Older Woman

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. Who is likely to be in the best financial situation during her retirement years?

a. Nancy, who interrupted her career four times to have children

b. Alice, who was able to get a degree by attending night courses

c. Harriett, who was widowed the year her husband retired

d. Kathleen, who was divorced 5 years before she retired

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Feminization of Poverty and the Older Woman

Difficulty Level: Hard

59. Maeve lives in an apartment complex that is handicap accessible with grab bars in the bathroom, a call button in the bathroom, bedroom, and kitchen, and has intercoms installed in the apartments to reach the security office. What type of living arrangement does Lucille live in?

a. hospice center

b. nursing home

c. home care

d. residential community

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Residential Communities

Difficulty Level: Hard

60. What is the financial structure of most residential communities?

a. privately owned

b. subsidized by the government

c. built by the residents

d. run by universities

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Residential Communities

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. Elders who live in a residential community that are most at risk for depression are ones who ______.

a. have perceived autonomy

b. feel to be connected to others

c. perceive a lack of support

d. share similar values with others

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Residential Communities

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. The outcome of individuals who live in residential communities compared to those who live in life-long homes is those in residential communities ______.

a. participate more frequently in social activities

b. have a higher sense of well-being

c. feel a greater sense of vulnerability

d. feel a greater sense of security

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Residential Communities

Difficulty Level: Hard

63. Which type of living arrangement offers the greatest amount of care?

a. residential community

b. nursing home

c. multigenerational home

d. life-long home

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nursing Homes

Difficulty Level: Easy

64. Sylvia is an elderly woman who is unable to care for herself and her family is unable to meet all of her health needs. She has to live in a nursing home. Even though the home is of a high quality, Sylvia is most likely going to experience a ______.

a. greater sense of control

b. higher rate of depression

c. sense of integrity

d. sense of guilt

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nursing Homes

Difficulty Level: Hard

65. Higher rates of anxiety tend to be found in those in which living arrangement?

a. residential communities

b. nursing homes

c. with family members

d. life-long home

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nursing Homes

Difficulty Level: Medium

66. How do older adults typically spend time with their friends?

a. reminiscing about times past

b. engaging in activities, such as golf or playing cards

c. activities surrounding their grandchildren

d. volunteering in the community

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

67. Friendships in older adults are characterized by ______.

a. having long-term friends and avoiding new ones

b. being less fun than those of younger adults

c. having more friends than younger adults

d. being very meaningful

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Medium

68. With increasing age and the death of friends, older adults are more likely to report having friends of ______.

a. similar backgrounds

b. the same age

c. different generations

d. the same fitness level

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

69. Which statement describes sibling relationships in older adulthood?

a. Most older adults feel close to their siblings and consider them to be close friends.

b. The majority of older adults live far away from their siblings.

c. The majority of older adults avoid communicating with their siblings regularly.

d. With age, siblings tend to grow apart rather than closer.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sibling Relationships

Difficulty Level: Medium

70. In times of crisis, who are older adults most likely to turn to?

a. friends

b. siblings

c. children

d. doctors

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sibling Relationships

Difficulty Level: Hard

71. Which older adult is most likely to rely on siblings?

a. Terri, who has never married but has three children

b. Richard, who is married without children

c. Jeffrey, who is married and has two children

d. Renee, who has never married and is without children

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sibling Relationships

Difficulty Level: Hard

72. When does marital satisfaction tend to be the highest?

a. late adulthood

b. middle adulthood

c. early adulthood

d. emerging adulthood

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marital Satisfaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

73. Whose marriage is most typical of those in older adulthood?

a. Bill and Simone, who argue in front of other people all the time

b. George and Louise, who point out each other’s faults and have done so since their honeymoon

c. Wallace and Barb, who kid with each other all the time

d. Charles and Karen, who barely speak to each other and are each involved in their own activities

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Marital Satisfaction

Difficulty Level: Hard

74. Marital satisfaction of older adults as compared to younger adults is that older adults ______.

a. report lower levels of pleasure

b. describe their relationships as having more conflict

c. tend to perceive more positive characteristics in their partners

d. appraise their spouse’s behavior as more negative than do outside observers

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Marital Satisfaction

Difficulty Level: Hard

75. Divorce in long-term marriages can be described as ______.

a. being easier to adjust to than for young adults

b. feeling a sense of accomplishment for changing an unhappy situation

c. men facing greater financial and emotional difficulties than women

d. women being more likely to remain single the rest of their lives

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marital Satisfaction

Difficulty Level: Medium

76. Which scenario is most likely to happen after a divorce?

a. More older women than older men remarry.

b. Adult children give care and money to their mothers over their fathers.

c. A remarriage is usually less stable than those of younger people.

d. Divorcee fathers are least in need of formal support.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Marital Satisfaction

Difficulty Level: Hard

77. Older adults view cohabitation as ______.

a. a sin

b. negative

c. positive

d. a last option

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cohabitation

Difficulty Level: Easy

78. A characteristic of cohabitation among older adults is ______.

a. it tends to be a precursor to marriage

b. partners report a high-quality relationship

c. the relationships are of shorter duration

d. they are less likely to have been divorced

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cohabitation

Difficulty Level: Medium

79. Who is most likely to be most interested in cohabitating?

a. Patricia, who went through a rather grueling divorce

b. Aaron, who prefers a woman with traditional values

c. Jessica, who has conservative religious views

d. Desmond, who wants to have children

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cohabitation

Difficulty Level: Hard

80. Sexuality in older adults is characterized by them being ______.

a. physically unable to have it

b. uninterested in it

c. too mentally fragile to have it

d. interested and capable of it

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

81. Older adults are able to remain sexually active well into their ______.

a. 50s

b. 60s

c. 70s

d. 80s

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexuality in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

82. Which factor is least likely to diminish sexual response and satisfaction?

a. illness

b. obesity

c. age

d. smoking

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexuality in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

83. What is the predominant form of adult-child to parent assistance in older adulthood?

a. informational

b. health care

c. financial

d. emotional support

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Easy

84. Typically, what is the nature of older adult-adult child relationships?

a. Children tend to provide instrumental assistance to their elderly parents.

b. Parents continue to assist their adult children financially.

c. Sons are more likely to visit their mothers than adult daughters are.

d. Daughters tend to be closer to their fathers than they are to their mothers.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Easy

85. Which relationship would tend to be closest?

a. Rebecca, 45, and her mother, 82

b. David, 43, and his mother, 65

c. Jennifer, 50, and her father, 75

d. Richard, 55, and his father, 85

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Hard

86. Which older adult is living in a multigenerational family?

a. Leon, who is living with his brother and a cousin

b. Whitney, who is living with his son, daughter-in-law, and their children

c. Mercedes, who is living with her best friend and a caregiver

d. Lorna, who is living with her two sisters

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Hard

87. If family relationships involve members living far apart, engaging in little contact, and having few support exchanges, they are referred to as ______.

a. normal

b. obligate

c. autonomous

d. disconnected

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Easy

88. Which factor predicts good adult child-grandparent relationships?

a. grandparents who raise the grandchild

b. infrequent contact between grandparents and the grandchild

c. neutral experiences between the grandparents and the grandchild

d. grandparents having affectionate ties with the grandchild

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Medium

89. As life roles increase, what tends to happen between grandchildren and their grandparents?

a. contact declines

b. contact increases

c. relationships deteriorate

d. relationships blossom

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Medium

90. Martin is a grandfather who was always very close to his grandchildren. His grandchildren now are adults with children of their own. They moved across the state so Martin sees them much less than he used to. What is their relationship likely to be now?

a. Affection between the grandchildren and Martin will remain strong.

b. Martin will have greater distress at the separation and move close to his grandchildren.

c. The grandchildren will experience a sense of guilt and pull away from Martin.

d. Martin will develop health issues related to stress of the separation from his grandchildren.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Relationships with Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Hard

91. Elder maltreatment occurs in what percentage of adults?

a. 10%

b. 15%

c. 20%

d. 25%

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

92. Factors about elder maltreatment include that it ______.

a. involves omissions that cause annoyance to the older person

b. occurs outside of trusting relationships

c. depends on education level of the caregiver

d. involves acts that cause harm to the older person

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

93. Which act is considered to be financial abuse of an elder?

a. failing to purchase needed medication

b. selling the person’s jewelry or other possessions

c. inflicting harm if the person refuses to give up money

d. withholding food unless payment is made

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

94. Verbal assaults, humiliation, intimidation, and withdrawal of affection are types of ______.

a. physical abuse

b. sexual neglect

c. psychological abuse

d. physical neglect

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

95. Intentionally inflicting harm or discomfort through cutting, burning, or force is called ______.

a. physical abuse

b. sexual abuse

c. psychological neglect

d. physical neglect

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

96. Janice is 82 years old and has extremely limited mobility because of rheumatoid arthritis. Reluctantly, her family moved her into a nursing home so she could get care full-time care. One of the caregivers lets his hands wander over Janice’s blouse when he is taking care of her. Lately, he has taken to squeezing her breasts when he thinks he is unobserved. What type of elder maltreatment does this describe?

a. physical abuse

b. sexual abuse

c. psychological neglect

d. physical neglect

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

97. Jasper is 78 years old and uses a walker for mobility. He lives with his son’s family, which includes a teenage boy. When Jasper is moving too slowly and blocking a doorway, his grandson will burn him with a cigarette to get him to move out of the way faster. Which type of elder maltreatment does this describe?

a. physical abuse

b. sexual neglect

c. psychological abuse

d. physical neglect

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

98. Edna is an older adult who has just moved in with her daughter, Marcy. When Edna does something that annoys Marcy, Marcy refuses to speak to her for days. Edna usually has to figure out what she said, than apologize several times before Marcy will forgive her and start talking to her again. Which type of elder abuse does this describe?

a. physical

b. sexual

c. psychological

d. financial

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

99. Patrick takes care of his grandmother’s finances. She authorized him to be able to sign checks for her because her arthritis prevents her from holding a pen any longer. When he is short on money to pay his own bills, Patrick uses his grandmother’s checkbook because he figures she owes him for all he does for her. This is described as elder ______.

a. disrespect

b. exploitation

c. maltreatment

d. neglect

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

100. Jennie is a resident in an understaffed nursing home. The aides who work at the home fail to get Jennie up out of bed enough and she has developed bed sores. They sometimes forget to give her medication to her. They make sure she gets her meals, but they fail to see if she actually eats them. What type of elder maltreatment is Jennie experiencing?

a. financial neglect

b. physical abuse

c. psychological abuse

d. physical neglect

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

101. What characteristic is typical of a victim of maltreatment in old age?

a. impairment with activities of daily living

b. being a man with a large social network

c. being a woman who lives with her adult children

d. good health and psychological functioning

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

102. Who is most likely to maltreat an elderly person?

a. nursing home staff member

b. spouse or children

c. unrelated acquaintance

d. friend

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Easy

103. To reduce the risk of elder maltreatment, caregivers should be provided with ______.

a. more independence in coping with the heavy demands of caretaking

b. a strategy to report elder abuse quickly and confidentially

c. financial assistance for the elder to be placed in higher-quality care centers

d. aid for learning how to cope with anger and manage strong emotions

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Medium

104. Elders with a higher risk of financial exploitation are those with ______.

a. anger issues

b. cognitive impairment

c. anxiety disorders

d. physical impairment

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Neurological Risk for Financial Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

105. In financial abuse, changes in social cognition can increase adults’ vulnerability to ______.

a. kindness

b. language development

c. deception

d. mathematical ability

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Neurological Risk for Financial Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

106. Research shows that financially exploited older adults have reduced cortical thickness in the insula of the brain, making them ______.

a. less able to detect threats

b. more able to detect threats

c. prone to being distrustful

d. prone to hoarding money

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Neurological Risk for Financial Abuse

Difficulty Level: Medium

107. Who is most likely to financially exploit an elder?

a. spiritual adviser

b. healthcare provider

c. paid caregiver

d. family member

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Neurological Risk for Financial Abuse

Difficulty Level: Easy

108. It is projected that adults will increasingly do what with retirement?

a. postpone it

b. take it earlier

c. work at least part time

d. never do it

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

109. The process of retirement typically begins with ______.

a. picturing the last day of work

b. imagining what it might be like

c. figuring out a financial plan

d. telling everyone when it will be

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Medium

110. Members of which ethnic group are least likely to retire due to poor health?

a. Asian

b. Hispanic

c. White

d. Black

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Easy

111. Lyman is 65 years old and works at a job that is very stressful. He is close to his co-workers and they support each other. Lyman’s mother was just diagnosed with cancer. His wife, Janine, is 62 years old, a piano teacher at a local school, and enjoys her job. She is very close to Lyman’s mother. Based information about decisions to retire, which scenario is most likely?

a. Lyman will retire before Janine.

b. Janine will retire before Lyman.

c. Lyman and Janine will retire at the same time.

d. Janine and Lyman will continue to work for a long time.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Hard

112. Which group is least likely to retire early?

a. African American men

b. African American women

c. White women

d. Hispanic women

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Easy

113. What is the main determining factor for whether and when an older adult retires?

a. financial resources

b. reaching the age of 65

c. whether a spouse retires

d. making room for younger workers

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Medium

114. Individuals experience a decline in well-being and life satisfaction after retirement because they ______.

a. spend little of their time the way they had envisioned

b. have little idea of to spend their time when they stop working

c. experience a role loss that must be replaced by other social roles over time

d. are unable to spend time with the people they hoped to spend time with

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transition to Retirement and Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

115. The people most likely to have an easier adjustment to retirement are workers ______.

a. in high stress, demanding jobs, with little satisfaction

b. who retire abruptly without much preparation

c. in highly satisfying, low stress, pleasant jobs

d. who feel that they are forced to retire

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transition to Retirement and Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

116. Which retiring person is most likely to be pleased with the loss of a work role?

a. Noah, whose job as a teacher is tremendously rewarding

b. Joyce, who likes her job, is single, and without children

c. Art, whose firm experienced a hostile takeover

d. Evelyn, who wants to spend more time with her granddaughters

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Transition to Retirement and Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Hard

117. Which event triggered the formation of Social Security?

a. World War I

b. World War II

c. Great Depression

d. Civil Rights Act

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lives in Context: Social Security

Difficulty Level: Easy

118. Which percentage of U.S. retirees receive monthly Social Security benefit payments?

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 75%

d. 90%

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lives in Context: Social Security

Difficulty Level: Easy

119. Which factor is most important in determining happiness after retirement?

a. worker’s sense of control over the transition

b. degree of cognitive decline a worker experiences

c. worker’s amount of time spent in the career

d. degree of connection with coworkers after transition

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Influences on Retirement Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

120. Which person is most likely to experience difficulty after retirement?

a. Roy, who cannot seem to find a hobby that suits him

b. Harold, who is looking forward to volunteering full time

c. Maude, who was divorced a short time ago

d. Esther, who has few friends outside of work

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Influences on Retirement Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Hard

True/False

1. Older adults tend to compartmentalize their self-concept more than younger and middle-aged adults by categorizing the positive and negative aspects of self separately.

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Self in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Adults with more negative self-views are more likely to feel younger than their years over time.

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Subjective Age

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The Big 5 personality traits fluctuate more in late adulthood than they do in any other stage of life.

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Older adults are rigid and set in their ways.

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Religiosity involves attendance at religious services, affiliation, or private religious practices.

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Religiosity

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Actual social support matters less than the support a person perceives he or she is receiving.

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Social Support in Older Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Successful elders retain a sense that they are the same person they have always been despite physical, cognitive, emotional, and social changes.

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Disengagement, Activity, and Continuity Theories

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Most older adults live someplace other than the home they have lived in most of their lives.

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Most middle-aged men and women in North America perceive an obligation to assist parents, especially when the parents have serious economic and housing needs.

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. A large number of adults live in nursing homes.

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nursing Homes

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Younger adults report having more fun with their friends than do older adults.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Marital satisfaction keeps growing into late adulthood.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marriage

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Cohabitation rates among older adults are decreasing,

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cohabitation

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The frequency of sexual activity increases with age, but sexual satisfaction often decreases.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Most adults report that their relationships with their grandparents are close and enduring.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Relationships Among Adult Children and Grandchildren

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. Older adults are able to work longer than ever before because of improved health.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Retirement

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. The decision of when to retire is typically influenced by job conditions, health, finances, and personal preferences.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. The transition to retirement begins shortly before leaving the workforce.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transition to Retirement and Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. As retirees become accustomed to the reality of everyday life in retirement, positive feelings rarely change to disenchantment.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transition to Retirement and Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Increasingly, adults are taking the route of a gradual retirement, slowly decreasing their involvement and working part time, rather than an abrupt retirement.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Influences on Retirement Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. How can older adults be aided in reminiscence and life review? What are the benefits of these processes for older adults?

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Reminiscence and Life Review

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How is ego integrity attained?

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Which of the Big 5 personality traits are associated with happiness, self-contentedness and self-centeredness, and less preoccupation with productivity? How do older adults benefit from developing these personality traits?

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Personality

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Explain what successful aging is according to continuity theory.

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Disengagement, activity, and continuity theories

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How are African American older adults cared for in their lifelong neighborhoods?

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Aging in Place

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. What benefits do residential communities have for older adults?

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Residential Communities

Difficulty Level: Hard

7. Compare the outcomes of cohabitation between older adults and younger adults.

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cohabitation

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. How can elder maltreatment be prevented?

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Elder Maltreatment

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. What factors influence the decision of when to retire?

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Deciding to Retire

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. Describe positive predictors of successful adjustment to retirement.

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Influences on Retirement Adjustment

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Explain how religiosity can contribute to physical health and mental health.

Learning Objective: 18.1: Examine the contributions of self-concept, personality, and religiosity to older adults’ well-being.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Religiosity

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. According to socioemotional selectivity theory, how do the functions of social interactions change with age and psychological and cognitive development? How do older adults accomplish this?

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Socioemotional selectivity theory

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Why are women in old age more likely than men to live in poverty during the retirement years?

Learning Objective: 18.2: Identify social contexts in which older adults live and their influence on development.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Feminization of Poverty and the Older Woman

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What factors are involved in sexuality in late adulthood?

Learning Objective: 18.3: Summarize features of older adults’ relationships with friends, spouses, children and grandchildren, and identify how these relationships affect older adults’ functioning.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexuality in Late Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How did Social Security start? How does Social Security work?

Learning Objective: 18.4: Discuss influences on the timing of retirement and adaptation to retirement.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Lives in Context: Social Security

Difficulty Level: Hard