Chapter 16 Nervous System Senses Exam Questions

Anatomy & Physiology, 3e (McKinley)

Chapter 16 Nervous System: Senses

1) Changes in the external and internal environment are ________ that are detected by the sensory system.

A) sensations

B) receptors

C) stimuli

D) adaptations

E) transducers

2) Conscious awareness of incoming sensory information is called

A) sensation.

B) receptor.

C) a stimulus.

D) adaptation.

E) transducer.

3) Our body responds to the osmolarity of our blood plasma, but we are not consciously aware of it. Because we respond but are not aware, this is an example of a sensation, but not of a stimulus.

4) By definition, transducers

A) are electrical devices that do not work with biological systems.

B) change one form of energy into another form.

C) transmit signals away from the central nervous system.

D) transmit signals toward the central nervous system.

5) Receptors contain modality-gated channels within their plasma membranes.

6) Which statement accurately describes the merits of different receptive field properties?

A) Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, but because more receptors are needed it increases overall energy costs.

B) Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, but because the area of responsiveness is larger, it increases the body's energy costs.

C) Having small receptive fields allows for more precision, smaller body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall. 

D) Having large receptive fields allows for more precision, larger body surfaces, and decreased energy costs overall.

7) Our ability to precisely locate a stimulus is ________ proportional to receptive field size.

A) directly

B) inversely

8) The entire area through which the sensitive ends of the receptor cells are distributed is the

A) sensory field.

B) receptive field.

C) stimulus area.

D) adaptative radius.

E) transducer field.

9) If the receptive fields of the skin's receptors were smaller, then

A) precision would be greater, and we would not need as many receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.

B) precision would be greater, but we would need more receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.

C) precision would be lessened, and we would need more receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.

D) precision would be lessened, but we would not need as many receptors to monitor the environment for stimuli.

10) ________ receptors respond continuously to a stimulus at a constant rate.

11) The type of receptor that readily adapts to a stimulus is known as a ________ receptor.

A) phasic

B) tonic

C) transducer

D) multimodal

12) In general, you become unaware of the shirt on your back because your touch receptors

A) are tonic.

B) undergo adaptation.

C) are transducers.

D) maintain firing but are ignored.

13) A reduction in sensitivity to a continually applied stimulus is called

A) sensation.

B) tonicity.

C) conscious awareness.

D) adaptation.

E) transduction.

14) Which of the following is not one of the three criteria used to describe receptors?

A) Stimulus strength (intensity of stimulus)

B) Stimulus origin (location of stimulus)

C) Receptor distribution (body location)

D) Modality of stimulus (stimulating agent)

15) The classification of a receptor as a photoreceptor or a mechanoreceptor depends on

A) the location of origin of the stimulus it perceives.

B) the modality of the stimulus it perceives.

C) its location in the body.

D) whether it is a somatic or visceral receptor.

16) Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from the external environment?

A) Interoceptors

B) Exteroceptors

C) Proprioceptors

D) Nociceptors

E) Thermoreceptors

17) Which term best describes receptors that detect stimuli from internal organs?

A) Interoceptors

B) Exteroceptors

C) Proprioceptors

D) Nociceptors

E) Thermoreceptors

18) Which term best describes receptors that detect body and limb movements, skeletal muscle contraction and stretch, and joint capsule structure?

A) Interoceptors

B) Exteroceptors

C) Proprioceptors

D) Nociceptors

E) Thermoreceptors

19) These receptors detect specific molecules in our external and internal environments.

A) Chemoreceptors

B) Thermoreceptors

C) Photoreceptors

D) Mechanoreceptors

E) Baroreceptors

20) These receptors respond to changes in temperature.

A) Chemoreceptors

B) Thermoreceptors

C) Photoreceptors

D) Mechanoreceptors

E) Baroreceptors

21) These receptors detect changes in the color, intensity, and movement of light.

A) Chemoreceptors

B) Thermoreceptors

C) Photoreceptors

D) Mechanoreceptors

E) Baroreceptors

22) These receptors respond to touch, pressure, vibration, and stretch.

A) Chemoreceptors

B) Thermoreceptors

C) Photoreceptors

D) Mechanoreceptors

E) Baroreceptors

23) These receptors detect changes in pressure within the body caused by the stretch or distention of internal structures.

A) Chemoreceptors

B) Thermoreceptors

C) Photoreceptors

D) Mechanoreceptors

E) Baroreceptors

24) These receptors respond to pain caused by external and internal stimuli.

A) Chemoreceptors

B) Thermoreceptors

C) Photoreceptors

D) Mechanoreceptors

E) Nociceptors

25) The most numerous type of receptor in the body is the

A) chemoreceptor.

B) tactile receptor.

C) thermoreceptor.

D) nociceptor.

E) photoreceptor.

26) A receptor that is wrapped in connective tissue is referred to as being ________.

27) There are three types of unencapsulated tactile receptors. Select the exception.

A) Free nerve endings

B) Sebaceous filaments

C) Root hair plexuses

D) Tactile discs

28) The battery of your electric toothbrush is running down and so you feel a low-frequency vibration in your oral cavity. Which receptors detect this stimulus?

A) Root hair plexus

B) Free nerve ending

C) Bulbous corpuscle

D) End bulbs

E) All of the choices are correct.

29) There are four types of encapsulated receptors. Select the exception.

A) End bulbs

B) Lamellated corpuscles

C) Arrector pili corpuscles

D) Ruffini corpuscles

E) Tactile corpuscles

30) The receptors responsible for detecting deep pressure and high-frequency vibration are

A) Krause bulbs.

B) lamellated corpuscles.

C) arrector pili corpuscles.

D) Ruffini corpuscles.

E) tactile corpuscles.

31) This receptor detects continuous deep pressure and distortion of the skin.

A) Krause bulbs

B) Lamellated corpuscles

C) Arrector pili corpuscles

D) Ruffini corpuscles

E) Tactile corpuscles

32) Phasic receptors for light touch and texture are

A) Krause bulbs.

B) lamellated corpuscles.

C) arrector pili corpuscles.

D) Ruffini corpuscles.

E) tactile corpuscles.

33) A person having a heart attack may feel pain along the medial side of the left arm. This pain is known as

A) referred pain.

B) phantom pain.

C) selected pain.

D) covert pain.

E) masked pain.

34) When pain signals originating from visceral structures are perceived to be coming instead from the skin, the phenomenon is called ________ pain.

35) Because numerous cutaneous and visceral sensory neurons conduct signals on ________ ascending tracts of the spinal cord, the brain sometimes falsely localizes the location of a pain stimulus.

A) the same

B) very different

36) Which papillae, distributed on the anterior two-thirds of the tongue surface, lack taste buds?

A) Papiform

B) Filiform

C) Fungiform

D) Vallate

E) Foliate

37) The papillae located mainly on the tip and sides of the tongue that contain only a few taste buds each are the ________ papillae.

A) papiform

B) filiform

C) fungiform

D) vallate

E) foliate

38) The least numerous but the largest of the papillae are arranged as a V-shape on the posterior dorsal surface of the tongue. They contain the majority of taste buds and are called ________ papillae.

A) papiform

B) filiform

C) fungiform

D) vallate

E) foliate

39) The least developed of the papilla types are the ________ papillae, which house only a few taste buds during infancy and early childhood.

A) papiform

B) filiform

C) fungiform

D) vallate

E) foliate

40) Which statement accurately describes structures at a taste bud?

A) The gustatory microvillus of a gustatory cell extends through the taste pore of a taste bud.

B) The gustatory villi of basal cells project through the taste bud to the surface of the epithelium.

C) The gustatory microvilus of a papilla projects through the gustatory pore to the gustatory glomerulus.

D) Basal cells contain villi that project through the pore of a papilla to make a taste bud.

41) Gustatory cells within a taste bud are specialized neuroepithelial cells that have a ________ life span.

A) 7–10 hour

B) 7–10 day

C) 7–10 week

D) 7–10 month

E) 7–10 year

42) There are five basic taste sensations. Select the one mismatched with its stimulating agent.

A) Sweet; organic compounds such as sugar

B) Sour; hydrogen ions from acids such as those in lemons

C) Salty; metal ions such as potassium or sodium

D) Bitter; acids such as those in toxins or poisons

E) Umami; amino acids such as glutamate or aspartate found in chicken soup

43) Caffeine and unsweetened chocolate both taste bitter, as they are

A) alkaloids.

B) acids.

C) amino acids.

D) ions of heavy molecular weight.

E) carbohydrates.

44) The flavor of food depends upon

A) olfaction.

B) gustation.

C) both olfaction and gustation.

D) neither olfaction nor gustation.

45) The route that the sensation of taste follows is

a: Primary axons pass along cranial nerves VII and IX.

b: Primary neurons synapse in the nucleus solitarius.

c: Secondary neurons synapse in the thalamus.

d: Tertiary neurons travel to the primary gustatory cortex.

A) a, b, c, d

B) b, c, a, d

C) a, d, b, c

D) d, c, b, a

E) c, d, a, b

46) Olfactory receptor cells are ________ neurons.

A) multipolar

B) unipolar

C) bipolar

D) nonpolar

E) apolar

47) In the olfactory epithelium, ________ cells act as stem cells to continually replace olfactory neurons.

48) Which is not a cell type found in the olfactory epithelium?

A) Olfactory receptor cell

B) Supporting cell

C) Basal cell

D) Fungiform cell

49) Where would you find olfactory hairs?

A) Scattered among the lamina propria

B) At the apical surface of olfactory neurons

C) Buried within the olfactory glands

D) At the surface of supporting cells

E) Concentrated along basal cells

50) Certain odors can initiate behavioral and emotional reactions because

A) the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the medulla oblongata.

B) there are widespread olfactory associations within the hypothalamus and limbic system.

C) olfactory sensations are interpreted at the prefrontal cortex.

D) the olfactory pathway is connected directly to the occipital lobe.

E) the sense of olfaction occurs immediately at the olfactory epithelium.

51) The olfactory tracts project

A) directly to the primary olfactory cortex of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.

B) directly to the primary olfactory cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.

C) to the thalamus and then to the primary olfactory cortex of the temporal lobe of the cerebrum.

D) to the thalamus and then to the primary olfactory cortex of the frontal lobe of the cerebrum.

52) Olfactory glomeruli are located in the

A) thalamus.

B) olfactory epithelium.

C) olfactory bulbs.

D) hypothalamus.

53) Some odors cause visceral reactions, such as a gagging response to the smell of rotten food. Such responses are a result of olfactory pathways through the

A) cerebellum.

B) amygdala.

C) thalamus.

D) hypothalamus.

E) cerebrum.

54) What molecules help concentrate odorants at the olfactory receptor cells?

A) Sustentacularin

B) Odorant-binding proteins

C) Volatile molecules

D) G-proteins

E) Tastants

55) The conjunctiva is composed of ________ epithelium.

A) simple squamous

B) simple cuboidal

C) stratified squamous

D) simple columnar

E) stratified keratinized

56) The conjunctiva that lines the internal surface of the eyelids is termed the ________ conjunctiva.

A) palpebral

B) retinal

C) ocular

D) epithelial

E) visceral

57) The primary function of eyebrows is to

A) allow the appropriate amount of light to enter the eye.

B) prevent excess light from entering the eye.

C) prevent objects from striking the eye.

D) prevent sweat from dripping into the open eye.

E) form a protective barrier of fat and hair to help shade the eye.

58) Eyelids serve two purposes: one is to protect the eye and the other is to

A) help distribute blood to the eye surface.

B) help distribute lacrimal fluid to cleanse and lubricate the surface.

C) help spread antiviral solution.

D) help to control the transmission of the nerve impulse to the retina.

E) prevent excess mucus from obscuring vision.

59) What is the correct sequence for lacrimal fluid production and drainage?

a: Tears disperse across the surface of the eye.

b: Tears are produced by the lacrimal gland.

c: Fluid drains through the nasolacrimal duct.

d: Fluid enters the nasal cavity.

e: Fluid enters the lacrimal canaliculi and collects in the lacrimal sac.

A) a, b, c, d, e

B) b, a, c, d, e

C) c, a, d, b, e

D) b, a, e, c, d

E) c, a, b, e, d

60) Another name for the vascular tunic of the eye is the ________, which means "grape."

61) The eye measures about ________ in diameter.

A) 2.5 mm

B) 12.5 mm

C) 2.5 cm

D) 12.5 cm

E) 22.5 cm

62) The proper sequence of eye layers from the outermost to the innermost layer is

a: Neural tunic

b: Fatty tunic

c: Vascular tunic

d: Fibrous tunic

A) a, b, c

B) b, a, c

C) a, b, d

D) c, a, d

E) d, c, a

63) The fibrous tunic of the eye is composed of two parts. What are they?

A) The cornea and the sclera

B) The conjunctiva and the cornea

C) The conjunctiva and the sclera

D) The sclera and the retina

E) The sclera and the uvea

64) The structural continuity between the cornea and the sclera is called

A) the substantia propria.

B) the limbus.

C) the uvea.

D) Descemet's membrane.

E) Schlemm's membrane.

65) The vascular tunic of the eye has three distinct regions. From anterior to posterior what are they?

a: Ciliary body

b: Choroid

c: Iris

A) a, b, c

B) b, a, c

C) c, a, b

D) c, b, a

E) b, c, a

66) The structure that functions as a diaphragm to control pupil size is the

A) ora serrata.

B) suspensory ligament.

C) iris.

D) cornea.

E) anterior chamber.

67) If you were to cut a cross section of the retina and examine it under a microscope, what would be the order of features from the choroid to the posterior cavity?

a: Rods and cones

b: Ganglionic axons progressing to the optic nerve

c: Bipolar cells

d: Ganglion cells' bodies

e: Pigmented retina

A) a, b, c, d, e

B) e, a, c, d, b

C) c, a, e, d, b

D) d, e, a, b, c

E) e, d, c, b, a

68) Which eye feature provides vitamin A for photoreceptor cells?

A) Cornea

B) Conjunctiva

C) Sclera

D) Pigmented layer of the retina

E) Neural layer of the retina

69) What part of the retina lacks photoreceptors?

A) Optic disc

B) Macula lutea

C) Fovea centralis

D) Posterior retina

E) All of the choices are correct.

70) What part of the retina is responsible for the sharpest vision?

A) Optic disc

B) Ora serrata

C) Fovea centralis

D) Posterior retina

E) All of the choices are correct.

71) Where is the greatest concentration of cones located?

A) In the optic disc

B) In the ora serrata

C) In the fovea centralis

D) In the posterior retina

E) In the optic nerve

72) Where would you find the protein crystallin?

A) In the retina

B) In the ciliary body

C) In the choroids

D) In the lens

E) In the optic nerve

73) The lens of the eye flattens when

A) ciliary muscles contract.

B) ciliary muscles relax.

C) extrinsic eye muscles contract.

D) extrinsic eye muscles relax.

E) intrinsic muscles of the iris contract.

74) As middle-aged persons get older, the lenses of their eyes no longer assume as round a shape when their ligaments slacken. This results in difficulty in

A) seeing nearby objects.

B) seeing distant objects.

C) seeing colored objects.

D) seeing low-contrast scenes.

75) A flattened lens

A) is necessary for near vision.

B) is necessary for distant vision.

C) is necessary for both near and far vision.

D) functions only with color vision.

E) reflects light rays.

76) Accommodation of the lens occurs when

A) ciliary muscles contract.

B) the ciliary body moves closer to the lens.

C) parasympathetic axons stimulate the ciliary muscles.

D) the lens becomes more spherical.

E) All of the choices are correct.

77) The gelatinous mass inside of the eye is called the

A) lacrimal secretion.

B) mucoid body.

C) vitreous humor.

D) hyaloid mass.

E) scleroid humor.

78) Which sequence correctly traces the pathway of aqueous humor in the eye?

a: Aqueous humor is secreted by epithelial ciliary cells.

b: Aqueous humor is released into the posterior chamber.

c: Aqueous humor is drained into the scleral venous sinus.

d: Aqueous humor washes over the lens and then passes through the pupil into the anterior chamber.

A) a, b, c, d

B) b, a, c, d

C) a, b, d, c

D) d, a, c, b

E) a, c, b, d

79) Which photoreceptor cells function in dim light?

A) Rods

B) Cones

80) Which photoreceptor cells are more numerous?

A) Rods

B) Cones

81) Sharp, color vision is a result of the function of

A) rods.

B) cones.

82) A photopsin is a protein

A) of a photopigment within cone photoreceptors.

B) of a photopigment within rod photoreceptors.

C) that is derived from Vitamin E.

D) that allows ions to flow into rod and cone photoreceptors.

83) The opsin in rods is called ________.

84) Phototransduction is the process in which

A) retinal ganglion cells signal changes in the color of light.

B) bipolar cells signal the presence of contrast in a visual scene.

C) photoreceptors convert light energy to changes in membrane potential.

D) primary visual cortex recognizes and identifies a stimulus.

85) When light strikes rhodopsin, the retinal is converted

A) from cis to trans, and retinal and opsin combine.

B) from cis to trans, and retinal and opsin disassociate.

C) from trans to cis, and retinal and opsin combine.

D) from trans to cis, and retinal and opsin disassociate.

86) When light strikes a photoreceptor it

A) deporlarizes and releases more neurotransmitter.

B) depolarizes and releases less neurotransmitter.

C) hyperpolarizes and releases more neurotransmitter.

D) hyperpolarizes and releases less neurotransmitter.

87) It may take nearly a half hour for rods of the retina to regenerate a full supply of photopigment during the process of

A) dark adaptation.

B) light adaptation.

C) lateral inhibition.

D) opsinization.

88) The "dark current" of photoreceptors refers to

A) the exit of Na+ and Ca2+ out of the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

B) the entry of Na+ and Ca2+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

C) the entry of K+ into the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

D) the exit of K+ out of the cell when light is not hitting the cell.

89) When your eyes adjust from low levels of illumination to bright light, the process is known as light ________.

90) Which sequence correctly traces the visual pathway followed by the majority of axons?

a: Optic nerve

b: Optic chiasm

c: Occipital lobe

d: Lateral geniculate nucleus of thalamus

A) a, b, c, d

B) b, a, d, c

C) a, d, c, b

D) c, a, b, d

E) a, b, d, c

91) Visual pathways include axons that project from the optic tracts to the superior colliculi.

92) The superior colliculi and pretectal nuclei function to direct reflexive responses to visual stimuli.

93) Most axons within the optic tract terminate in the

A) temporal lobe of the cerebral cortex.

B) occipital lobe of the cerebral cortex.

C) lateral geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

D) medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

94) At the optic chiasm,

A) all axons from each optic nerve cross to the opposite side of the brain.

B) none of the axons actually cross to the opposite side of the brain.

C) ganglion cell axons from the medial region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

D) ganglion cell axons from the lateral region of each retina cross to the opposite side of the brain.

95) Some prey animals, such as rabbits, have laterally placed eyes, and the images on their two retinas do not overlap. Such animals would be expected to show ________ depth perception.

A) excellent

B) poor

96) When our brains process visual information about objects directly in front of us, they are able to use information that compares signals from the two eyes (steroscopic vision) in order to provide

A) depth perception.

B) color perception.

C) motion detection.

D) brightness levels.

97) Compare and contrast rods and cones in terms of their number, location, pigment content, and abilities to assist in sharp vision, color vision, and night vision.

98) Contrast the visual deficits that would result from someone having a mutation in the gene for rhodopsin versus a mutation in one of the genes for a photopsin.

99) The middle and inner ear are housed within the ________ bone.

A) sphenoid

B) maxillary

C) frontal

D) occipital

E) temporal

100) What is the function of the auditory tube?

A) To transmit sound waves to the inner ear

B) To equalize air pressure between the atmosphere and the middle ear

C) To prevent the invasion of microorganisms into the inner ear

D) To provide a passageway for fluid from the middle to the inner ear

E) To provide an airway between the middle and inner ear

101) Arrange the middle ear bones from lateral to medial.

a: Stapes

b: Incus

c: Malleus

A) a, b, c

B) b, a, c

C) c, a, b

D) a, c, b

E) c, b, a

102) Where is the saccule located?

A) Within the middle ear

B) Lateral to the auditory ossicles

C) Within the cochlea

D) Within the vestibule

E) In the auditory tube

103) Which structure is not considered to be part of the membranous labyrinth?

A) Scala vestibuli

B) Semicircular duct

C) Saccule

D) Cochlear duct

E) Utricle

104) The function of the ossicles is to

A) detect acceleration of the head.

B) amplify sound waves and transmit them to the inner ear.

C) determine static head position.

D) support the tympanic membrane and protect hair cells of the inner ear.

E) initiate action potentials that propagate to the inner ear.

105) The footplate of the stapes is

A) much larger than the tympanic membrane, and the ossicles therefore amplify sound waves.

B) much smaller than the tympanic membrane, and the ossicles therefore amplify sound waves.

C) much larger than the tympanic membrane, and the ossicles therefore dampen sound waves.

D) much smaller than the tympanic membrane, and the ossicles therefore dampen sound waves.

106) The semicircular ducts are part of the membranous labyrinth.

107) The part of the cochlea that converts pressure waves (from sounds) into changes in membrane potentials is the

A) modiolus.

B) scala tympani.

C) spiral organ.

D) scala vestibuli.

E) helicotrema.

108) What is the correct chronological sequence of events for hearing?

a: The tympanic membrane vibrates.

b: Ossicles vibrate.

c: Spiral organ hair cells convert stimulus to nerve impulse.

d: Pressure waves from oval window travel through the scala vestibuli.

A) a, b, c, d

B) b, c, d, a

C) c, b, a, d

D) a, b, d, c

E) e, c, , a, b

109) The stereocilia of cochlear hair cells project into the

A) modiolus.

B) basilar membrane.

C) tectorial membrane.

D) helicotrema.

E) spiral ganglion.

110) High-frequency sounds activate neurons within the cochlea that are

A) near the oval window at the base of the cochlea.

B) far from the oval window at the apex of the cochlea. 

C) along the entire length of the cochlea.

111) If someone hears a high-pitch, quiet sound (the whisper of a flute) followed by a booming, low-pitch tone (the boom of a bass drum), what differences in activity of the cochlea allowed them to recognize the differences?

112) The ________ of a sound stimulus is interpreted as its pitch and measured in hertz, whereas its ________ is the amplitude of the sound waves and is measured in decibels.

A) frequency; timbre

B) frequency; loudness

C) timbre; loudness

D) loudness; frequency

113) After being funneled by the auricle, sound waves pass (in sequence) through the

A) external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, and oval window.

B) external acoustic meatus, oval window, ossicles, and cochlea.

C) external acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, internal acoustic meatus, and oval window.

D) internal acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, oval window, and ossicles.

E) internal acoustic meatus, tympanic membrane, ossicles, and round window.

114) After causing vibrations of the maleus, sound waves pass (in sequence) through the

A) stapes, round window, scala externa perilymph, scala media endolymph, and oval window.

B) incus, stapes, oval window, scala vestibuli perilymph, and cochlear duct endolymph.

C) oval window, scala tympani perilymph, scala vestibuli endolymph, and spiral organ.

D) incus, stapes, oval window, scala tympani endolymph, scala vestibuli, and helicotrema.

E) stapes, incus, round window, scala media perilymph, and scala vestibuli endolymph.

115) Distortion of hair cells in the cochlea causes

A) initiation of action potentials in CN VI.

B) bending of the basilar membrane.

C) movement of the tympanic membrane.

D) initiation of action potentials in CN VIII.

116) What is the correct order for structures in the nervous system pathway for hearing?

a: Axons project to the auditory cortex.

b: Axons project to inferior colliculi.

c: Axons project to the cochlear nucleus in the brainstem.

d: Axons project to the medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus.

e: Impulse travels in cochlear nerve sensory fibers.

A) e, c, b, d, a

B) b, c, d, e, a

C) c, b, a, d, e

D) e, d, c, a, b

E) a, b, e, c, d

117) Auditory cells in the superior olivary nucleus receive their input from the

A) cochlear nuclei, and they are involved in localizing the source of a sound.

B) cochlear nuclei, and they determine the pitch of a sound.

C) inferior colliculi, and they are used to relay the information directly to the primary auditory cortex.

D) inferior colliculi, and they filter out irrelevant auditory information.

E) thalamus, and they allow us to recognize familiar voices. 

118) The part of the thalamus that filters auditory information and relays some of it on to the temporal lobe of the cortex is the ________ geniculate nucleus.

119) What inner ear structure detects acceleration and deceleration movements of the head?

A) Tensor tympani and stapedius

B) Spiral organ

C) Maculae

D) Ossicles

E) Scala vestibule

120) When you travel on a moving walkway or an elevator, the linear acceleration of your body is sensed by the

A) cochlea.

B) semicircular canals.

C) utricle and saccule.

D) ossicles.

121) The otolithic membrane is part of the

A) maculae of the inner ear.

B) tympanic cavity of the middle ear.

C) semicircular canals of the inner ear.

D) cochlea of the inner ear.

122) When we initiate a rapid rotation of our head, it results in bending of cilia on hair cells

A) in the utricle of our cochleas.

B) in the maculae of our semicircular ducts.

C) in the ampullae of our semicircular ducts.

D) in the maculae of our vestibules.

E) in the ampullae of our vestibules.

123) The vestibular nuclei are located within the ________ and project directly to the ________.

A) medulla; cerebellum

B) cerebellum; medulla

C) cerebellum; thalamus

D) thalamus; cerebral cortex

E) thalamus; cerebellum

124) Axons from the vestibular nerve project to each of the cranial nuclei that control the extrinsic eye muscles.

125) This cross section of skin shows general cutaneous receptors. What kind of receptor does number 5 indicate?

A) Free nerve ending

B) Krause bulb

C) Lamellated corpuscle

D) Tactile disc

E) Root hair plexus

126) In this diagram of a taste bud, what structures does number 3 indicate?

A) Gustatory microvilli

B) Basal cells

C) Supporting cells

D) Sensory nerves

E) Taste pores

127) In this view of the olfactory epithelium, what structure does number 6 indicate?

A) Olfactory hair

B) Olfactory receptor cell body

C) Olfactory bulb

D) Basal cell

E) Axon of olfactory receptor cell

128) In this view of the olfactory epithelium, what structure does number 4 indicate?

A) Olfactory hair

B) Olfactory gland

C) Olfactory bulb

D) Basal cell

E) Supporting cell

129) In this sagittal view of the eye, which number indicates the pupil?

A) 7

B) 8

C) 4

D) 5

E) 6

130) In this sagittal view of the eye, what structure does number 2 indicate?

A) Ora serrata

B) Cornea

C) Ciliary body

D) Iris

E) Suspensory ligaments

131) In this sagittal view of the eye, what structure does number 3 indicate?

A) Cornea

B) Lens

C) Pupil

D) Ciliary body

E) Iris

132) In this sagittal view of the eye, what space does number 10 indicate?

A) Scleral venous sinus

B) Anterior cavity

C) Anterior chamber

D) Posterior chamber

E) Posterior cavity

133) In this illustration of the ear, what structure does number 1 indicate?

A) Vestibule

B) Cochlea

C) Stapes

D) Incus

E) Tympanic membrane

134) In this illustration of the inner ear, what structure does the number 1 indicate?

A) Utricle

B) Saccule

C) Membranous labyrinth

D) Round window

E) Oval window

135) In this illustration of the inner ear, what feature does the number 9 indicate?

A) Membranous labyrinth

B) Spiral organ

C) Apex of cochlea

D) Perilymph

E) Endolymph

136) Gustatory receptors are classified as mechanoreceptors because food molecules must be dissolved in saliva before they can be tasted.

137) The reason we can detect so many different odors is that each olfactory neuron is slightly different from the others, allowing for a wide range of odor sensations.

138) Stimulation of olfactory receptor cells involves activation of G-protein molecules inside them.

139) Suspensory ligaments function to change the shape of the lens within the eye.

140) The retina is composed of two layers: an inner pigmented layer and an outer neural layer.

141) The otolithic membrane functions in hearing and in maintaining equilibrium.

142) Olfactory receptor cells are modified bipolar neurons that bear olfactory hairs.

143) The bending of light as it passes through to different media (such as glass vs. water) is referred to as ________.

144) The refractive indices between glass and oil are quite similar, as compared to the refractive indices between glass and air, which are quite different. Therefore, in which of the following situations will light bend the most?

A) When passing between glass and air

B) When passing between glass and oil

145) As the eye adjusts to focus on a near object, the cornea must change shape because the lens is unable to.

146) Select all that light must pass through on its way to being focused on the retina.

A) Cornea

B) Aqueous humor

C) Lens

D) Choroid

E) Sclera