Land-Use Chapter.12 Exam Prep

Environmental Science, 15e (Enger)

Chapter 12 Land-Use

1) Early towns were usually built

A) near railway centers.

B) near rivers, lakes, and oceans.

C) near rich farmland.

D) None of these are correct.

2) Large-scale migration from farms to cities was caused by which of the following?

A) Technological improvements in agriculture reduced the need for farm workers.

B) Industrial jobs were available in cities.

C) More cultural activities were available in cities.

D) All of the statements are correct.

3) Which of the following was the primary cause of suburban growth?

A) industrial growth and pollution

B) high rural land cost

C) rising automobile usage

D) All of the statements are correct.

4) All of the following contributed to the movement from the central city to suburbs EXCEPT

A) Non-urban land has historically been inexpensive.

B) Industrial pollution and undesirable living conditions.

C) Roads were built to allow people to get to the surrounding countryside.

D) The wealth of the general population had increased.

5) The impacts of unplanned growth of cities include

A) traffic congestion.

B) air pollution.

C) loss of habitat.

D) All of the statements are correct.

6) The United Nations projects that by 2030 the urban population will make up over ________ of the total Earth's population.

A) 60 percent

B) 40 percent

C) 20 percent

D) None of these are correct

7) The typical pattern of urban growth in which suburbs or shopping areas are developed on the edge of the city results in which of the following problems?

A) High cost of providing water, sewer, and electricity.

B) Flooding.

C) Valuing and protecting the diversity of nature.

D) The central city becomes over-crowded.

8) Which of the following is NOT typical of a well-planned community?

A) providing a mixture of uses in a small area (single family homes, apartments, grocery stores, pharmacies)

B) encouraging use of abandoned industrial sites in the city

C) providing sidewalks

D) restricting commercial activities to specific areas

9) Regional or state-wide planning is valuable because

A) it prevents urban sprawl.

B) it encourages brown field development.

C) it allows planning for resources that would serve several communities.

D) it costs less than zoning.

10) Dealing with current transportation problems of cities involves dealing with all of the following EXCEPT

A) providing parking for automobiles.

B) disrupting communities to build highways and train tracks.

C) air pollution from automobiles.

D) restricting highway construction to discourage automobile use.

11) Which of the following is an effective means of managing urban growth?

A) Restricting new development to vacant land near the city.

B) Restricting development to areas currently within the city limits.

C) Local control of development rather than regional control.

D) Zoning plans that prevent housing and commercial development in the same area.

12) What does it mean when an area is designated as wilderness?

A) People cannot use the land.

B) The kinds of uses people make of the land is limited.

C) Motor vehicles are only allowed for part of the year.

D) None of these are correct.

13) Which of the following is a major conflict over the use of federally owned land?

A) The taxes people pay to manage the land.

B) The kinds of uses that are excluded.

C) The large amount of money the federal government earns from the land.

D) None of these is an issue.

14) What percentage of land in the United States is owned by the federal government?

A) 60

B) 50

C) 30

D) 10

15) The leading conflict over recreational land use occurs because

A) people have different opinions about what kind of recreational use is appropriate.

B) some activities need more land than others.

C) some activities require monetary investment.

D) None of these are correct.

16) Characteristics of high-performance green buildings are

A) low flow water fixtures.

B) location near public transportation.

C) native vegetation used in landscaping.

D) All of these are correct.

17) Which of the following is an example of a method used to reduce the environmental impact of buildings?

A) planting trees to provide shade

B) building ponds to capture rainwater and reduce runoff

C) parking lots that allow water to penetrate the surface and soak into the ground

D) All of these statements are correct.

18) Which of the following is an issue encountered when planning urban open space?

A) the other uses to which the space could be put

B) the cost for the public to use the space

C) the cost to develop the space

D) the cost of managing the space

E) All of these are issues.

19) In the time span between pre-European settlement to the present, the United States has lost approximately 50% of its wetlands. Which of the following is NOT a contributing cause?

A) The value of wetlands was not recognized.

B) The wetlands were drained for development or farming.

C) Wetlands were used as parks and wildlife refuges.

D) Wetlands were considered unhealthy.

20) All of the following must be assessed when making a land use plan EXCEPT:

A) the purchase of land suitable for development.

B) the geologic nature of the area.

C) the cost of implementing the plan.

D) transportation issues.

21) Which of the following is an example of poorly planned land use?

A) mixing housing with commercial uses.

B) preserving historical buildings.

C) making sure that businesses are located along main travel routes.

D) encouraging building in unused sites in the city.

22) Which of the following is an example of POOR land use planning?

A) prohibiting the building of homes on the waterfront.

B) installing sewer and water services to areas outside the city limits.

C) building sidewalks in areas that don't have them.

D) converting abandoned home sites into parks.

23) Mass transportation systems are often difficult to establish because

A) Many metropolitan areas have very dispersed housing patterns.

B) They are economically feasible only in rural areas.

C) People will not use them.

D) All of these statements are correct.

24) Development along transportation routes is referred to as

A) ribbon sprawl.

B) urban sprawl.

C) tract development.

D) a megalopolis.

25) What is an example of a negative impact of urban sprawl in the United States?

A) loss of tax base and deteriorating infrastructure in inner city areas

B) decreased need for highways

C) an increase in federal support for farmland preservation

D) increased cost of food

26) Which of the following is a goal of urban transportation planning?

A) to reduce urban pollution

B) to conserve energy

C) to provide transportation for handicapped and poor

D) All of these statements are correct

27) In the United States, what is one of the major uses of public land?

A) horseback riding

B) military bases

C) new highways

D) outdoor recreation

28) An area of land in which there is little or no human development is referred to as a

A) tract development.

B) reserve.

C) wilderness.

D) multiple land use.

Which of the following best matches the description?

29) Development along transportation routes.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

30) Large, regional urban center.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

31) Construction of similar residential units over large areas.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

32) Unplanned suburban growth.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

33) Areas that include swamps, tidal marshes, and estuaries.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

34) Lowland area on either side of a river.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

35) Designations that restrict future building in floodplains.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

36) Construction of an orderly list of priorities for the use of available land.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

37) Process in which land is designated for a specific use.

A) zoning

B) megalopolis

C) floodplain

D) urban sprawl

E) floodplain zoning

F) multiple land use

G) wetlands

H) ribbon sprawl

J) land-use planning

K) tract development

38) Land is a renewable resource because it can be formed by natural processes.

39) Most large urban centers developed near water.

40) Approximately 75% of the United States' land area is covered by forests.

41) Current taxation policies encourage residential development on farmland.

42) Urban sprawl is the construction of similar residential units over large areas.

43) When land is zoned, it is designated for specific use.

44) As a result of unplanned development, floodplains and wetlands are often mismanaged.

45) Approximately 4 percent of the land in the U.S. is used for urban centers and transportation.

46) Mass transit is economically feasible only along heavily populated routes.

47) Local land-use planning is usually more effective and economical than regional land-use planning.

48) As towns became larger, surrounding farmland became suburbia.

49) It is considered unfair and unfeasible for the U.S. government to allocate and regulate the lands they control for recreation.

50) Land and landscape are considered natural resources.

51) Historically, water was rarely used for transportation.

52) Most major cities are located away from rivers, lakes, or the ocean.

53) Floodplains and wetlands are often managed properly.

54) Historical forces that shaped land use in North America had an important impact on our waterways.

55) Water pollution is not a problem associated with unplanned urban growth.

56) Urban sprawl has increased society's dependence on oil and the automobile.

57) Most scientists agree that no real need for land-use planning exists.

58) Problems associated with unplanned urban growth include air pollution and loss of farmland.

59) The concept of "smart growth" is to encourage individuals with high IQs to move to urban areas.

60) The way we plan the physical layout, or land use, of our communities is fundamental to sustainability.

61) Green building practices can include:

A) Automatic control of lighting

B) High-efficiency heat pumps

C) Photo-voltaic cell arrays

D) Automatic control of lighting, high-efficiency heat pumps, and photovoltaic cell arrays

62) A megacity is usually a metropolitan area with a total population in excess of:

A) 2 million

B) 5 million

C) 10 million

D) 20 million

63) Urban agriculture is the practice of:

A) Developing transportation links from farms to cities

B) Developing large farms away from towns and cities

C) Cultivating, processing and distributing food in or around a town or city

D) Merging many small farms into several mega farms

64) What percent of the United States households grew a garden in 2016:

A) 5%

B) 18%

C) 38%

D) 52%

65) Between 2000-2015 the developing world accounted for what percent of the growth of megacities?

A) 10%

B) 30%

C) 50%

D) 70%

E) 90%

66) Land use planning involves understanding:

A) Historic human migration routes

B) A city's level of education

C) The geologic characteristics of a place when determining its use

D) The cultural characteristics of a place when determining its use

67) Urban agriculture includes:

A) Backyard gardens

B) City-sponsored initiatives

C) Community gardens

D) Backyard gardens, community gardens, and city sponsored initiatives

E) Backyard gardens and community gardens