Arnett, Human Development: A Cultural Approach, First edition

Chapter 13: Death and afterlife beliefs

Section 1: Physical aspects of death

Multiple choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Until the past century, which life stage had the highest mortality rates?

A. The prenatal period

B. Infancy

C. Toddlerhood

D. Early childhood

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

2. During the 20th century, which of the following stages of life had the highest mortality rate?

A. Prenatal period

B. Infancy

C. Toddlerhood

D. Early childhood

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

3. Until the past century, which of the following factors contributed greatly to the high mortality rate for young children?

A. Lack of micronutrients

B. Malnourishment

C. Infectious diseases

D. Accidents and injuries

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

4. Up until the past century, why was mortality so high in infancy and toddlerhood?

A. Accidents

B. Physical abuse

C. Susceptibility to infectious diseases

D. Malnutrition

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

5. Until the past century, young women frequently died as a result of _____.

A. Childbirth

B. Industrial accidents

C. Farm accidents

D. Motor vehicles accidents

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

6. Until the past century, how did young men frequently die?

A. Motor vehicle accidents

B. Industrial accidents

C. Farm accidents

D. Wars

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

7. Until the past century, young women frequently died in ____, whereas young men frequently died in ____.

A. wars; car accidents

B. car accidents; industrial accidents

C. the workforce; farm accidents

D. childbirth; wars

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

8. What was the dominant cause of death until the 20th century?

A. Cardiovascular disease

B. Infectious diseases

C. Cancer

D. Accidents

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

9. Until the past century, people who survived into young adulthood and beyond were nevertheless susceptible to death from infection diseases such as ____.

A. diphtheria, tuberculosis and smallpox

B. smallpox, HIV and typhus

C. diphtheria, swine flu and smallpox

D. mad cow disease, tuberculosis and typhus

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

10. Based upon historical records, what were the dominant causes of death until the early 20th century?

A. Industrial accidents

B. Infectious diseases

C. Starvation and malnutrition

D. Farming and residential accidents

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

11. Which of the following dramatically reduced death rates due to infectious diseases during the 20th century?

A. Access to health care, health insurance and better trained physicians

B. Economic wealth, improvements in medicine and the automobile

C. Vaccinations, antibiotics and better sanitation

D. Better nutritional foods, vaccinations and antibiotics

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

12. In the course of the 20th century, medical advances resulted in a dramatic decline in the rate of death from infectious diseases, from over 50% in the middle of the 19th century to what percentage today?

A. 5%

B. 10%

C. 15%

D. 20%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

13. During which time period are individuals most susceptible to heart disease and cancer?

A. Emerging and young adulthood

B. Young and early adulthood

C. Early and middle adulthood

D. Middle and late adulthood

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

14. Prior to the 20th century, death by heart disease or cancer was dramatically low. Which of the following was a major contributing cause?

A. Infectious diseases and a short life expectancy

B. Diets that were made up of natural and organic foods

C. Better access to health care facilities and trained physicians

D. An agrarian-based lifestyle that was far removed from carcinogens

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

15. In developed countries, what is/are the leading cause of death for children during middle childhood?

A. Abuse

B. Malnutrition

C. Infectious diseases

D. Accidents

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

16. In developing countries, ____ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5.

A. Abuse

B. Malnutrition

C. Infectious diseases

D. Accidents

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

17. Where do infectious diseases remain the primary cause of death for children under age 5?

A. Developing countries

B. Developed countries

C. Collective cultures

D. Individualistic cultures

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

18. If one wanted to combat the leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 in developing countries, he or she should develop a plan that addresses ____.

A. abuse and neglect

B. malnutrition and starvation

C. infectious diseases

D. death by accident

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

19. Infectious diseases remain the primary cause of death for children under age 5 for which of the following continents?

A. Australia

B. Antarctica

C. Africa

D. South America

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

20. In developed countries, what is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5?

A. Abuse

B. Malnutrition

C. Infectious diseases

D. Accidents

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

21. In developed countries, deaths under age 5 years are rare and occur most often due to ____.

A. SIDS

B. Infectious diseases

C. Accidents

D. Abuse

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

22. In developing countries, ____ is/are the leading cause of death for children under age 5, whereas in developed countries ____ is/are the leading cause of death.

A. abuse; malnutrition

B. malnutrition; abuse

C. infectious diseases; accidents

D. accidents; infectious diseases

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

23. If one wanted to combat the leading cause of death for children under the age of 5 in developed countries, he or she should develop a plan that addresses ____.

A. abuse and neglect

B. malnutrition and starvation

C. infectious diseases

D. death by accident

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

24. During adolescence, emerging adulthood, and young adulthood, the most common causes of death in developed countries are accidents, homicide and ____.

A. cancer

B. cardiovascular disease

C. suicide

D. infectious diseases

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

25. The major sources of death in the later stages of the lifespan are ____.

A. homicide and suicide

B. cardiovascular disease and cancer

C. infectious and communicable diseases

D. automobile and home accidents

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

26. Which of the following is the leading cause of death among adults who live in developed countries?

A. Infectious diseases

B. Accidents

C. Heart disease

D. Cancer

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

27. The build-up of plaque on arterial walls is also known as ____.

A. arthritis

B. oncogenes

C. atherosclerosis

D. angina pectoris

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

28. In what condition do the arteries that supply the heart with blood become gradually narrower due to a build-up of plaque until it becomes severe enough to cut off the flow of blood, which would threaten health and life?

A. Gastrointestinal disease

B. Lung disease

C. Cancer

D. Heart disease

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

29. What is angina pectoris?

A. The degeneration of neural pathways within cerebral cortex

B. A blockage or rupture of an artery that supplies the brain

C. Severe pain in the chest, neck and left arm

D. The build-up of plaque on arterial walls

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

30. As atherosclerosis becomes more severe, a person may experience symptoms involving severe pain in the chest, neck and left arm, which is known as ____.

A. cardiovascular disease

B. a heart attack

C. angina pectoris

D. stress-induced fatigue

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

31. At 4:30 a.m., Thomas awakens experiencing pain that is radiating from his chest towards his left arm. At first he thinks that it is just sore muscles; however, the pain progressively gets worse, to a point where it is unbearable. Getting concerned, he calls for an ambulance. Which of the following best describes Thomas’s pain?

A. Arthritis

B. Oncogenes

C. Atherosclerosis

D. Angina pectoris

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

32. What has symptoms that include acute pain, weakness, dizziness, confusion and shortness of breath?

A. Cardiovascular disease

B. A heart attack

C. Angina pectoris

D. Stress-induced fatigue

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

33. Your grandfather has been an avid smoker for most of his adult life. You are visiting him and he suddenly becomes weak, dizzy and confused, has shortness of breath and is feeling acute chest pain. What is your grandfather experiencing?

A. Cardiovascular disease

B. A heart attack

C. Angina pectoris

D. Stress-induced fatigue

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

34. In developed countries, what percentage of people who experience a heart attack dies before reaching the hospital?

A. 90%

B. 70%

C. 50%

D. 30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

35. What percentage of individuals who survive a heart attack dies within a year of having the heart attack?

A. 90%

B. 70%

C. 50%

D. 30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

36. Within the United States, what group has the highest rates of death from heart disease?

A. Asian Americans

B. Whites

C. African Americans

D. Latinos

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

37. Within the United States, what groups have the lowest rates of death from heart disease?

A. Native Americans and African Americans

B. Whites and Asian Americans

C. African Americans and Latinos

D. Latinos and Asian Americans

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

38. Within the United States, rates of death from heart disease have _______________ over the years.

A. increased

B. decreased

C. plateaued

D. experienced a relative consistent pattern of increasing and decreasing

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

39. What is one of the major cultural reasons that there are differences in rates of death from heart disease among ethnic groups in the United States?

A. Diet

B. Exercise

C. Sedentary employment

D. Lack of health insurance

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

40. Smoking is known to contribute to cancer. Which of the following developed countries have a higher rate of smoking in adulthood, which contributes to their relatively high rate of cancer?

A. Australians and Canadians

B. French and Germans

C. Peruvians and Argentinians

D. Japanese and Russians

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

41. Your Uncle Bruce has a family history of heart disease. Which of the following recommendations can you make that will help him lower his risk?

A. Maintain a diet that is low in fats and sugars, and quit smoking

B. Maintain a diet that is high in vitamin C and folic acid, and exercise regularly

C. Maintain a diet that is low in calcium and vitamin B1, and quit smoking

D. Maintain a diet that is high in fluoride and iodine, and exercise regularly

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

42. What is the percentage of change in rates of death from heart disease from 1950 to today?

A. 22% less

B. 33% less

C. 44% less

D. 55% less

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

43. As compared to the 1950s, fewer Americans smoke cigarettes, and this has led to a dramatic decrease in heart disease. Since the 1950s, the rate of heart disease has decreased by ____.

A. One-eighth

B. One-fourth

C. One-third

D. One-half

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

44. Which of the following are three factors cited in the text that contribute to heart disease?

A. Diabetes, smoking and regular exercise

B. Obesity, cancer and working in environments that are high in carcinogens

C. Smoking, diabetes and industrial and environmental pollutants

D. Diets that are high in fats and sugars, smoking and obesity

Learning Objective: 13.1

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

45. What is reason for the percentage of change in rates of death from heart disease from 1950 to today?

A. Reduction in obesity

B. Smoking cessation

C. Increased exercise

D. More individuals have health insurance

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

46. Your older brother is 28 years old and smokes. He claims that a lot of people smoke today. Is he accurate?

A. No, only 14% of Australian adults smoke.

B. No, only 28% of Australian adults smoke.

C. Yes, 48% of Australian adults smoke.

D. Yes, 58% of Australian adults smoke.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

47. You have a friend who always says, ‘You cannot legislate healthy living.’ You think that this is really not true, and point to the relationship between statewide smoking bans and rates of heart attacks as evidence. What happens when a state or country bans smoking in public places? Rates of heart attacks declined by what percentage during the first year after the ban?

A. 5%, so your friend is correct, legislation has little effect on health outcomes

B. 10%, so your friend is correct, legislation has little effect on health outcomes

C. 30%, so you are correct, legislation can lead to significant positive health outcomes

D. 50%, so you are correct, legislation can lead to significant positive health outcomes

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

48. What is the most common period of life for cancer?

A. Emerging adulthood

B. Young adulthood

C. Middle adulthood

D. Late adulthood

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

49. What type of genes repair mistakes in DNA replication during cell replacement?

A. Stability genes

B. Oncogenes

C. Tumour suppressor genes

D. Cancer genes

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

50. What type of genes previously functioned normally but now produces abnormal cell duplication?

A. Stability genes

B. Oncogenes

C. Tumour suppressor genes

D. Cancer genes

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

51. What type of genes stop the activity of the genes that previously functioned normally but now produce abnormal cell duplication?

A. Stability genes

B. Oncogenes

C. Tumour suppressor genes

D. Cancer genes

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

52. What percentage of cancer deaths occur in persons who are age 65 older?

A. 90%

B. 70%

C. 50%

D. 30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

53. For what age group is cancer the most likely to occur?

A. Emerging adulthood

B. Young adulthood

C. Middle adulthood

D. Late adulthood

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

54. Cancer is more common in men because men are more likely to ____.

A. engage in high-risk behaviours

B. smoke

C. be alcoholics

D. be obese

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

55. Biologist Leonard Hayflick first discovered that cells can replicate themselves about how many times before they lose their ability to replicate?

A. 10

B. 25

C. 50

D. 100

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

56. What is the principle that indicates that after about 50 doublings, cells lose their ability to replicate?

A. Hayflick limit

B. Cell limit

C. Replication limit

D. HELA limit

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

57. What is the end of the chromosome called?

A. Chromomere

B. Endomere

C. Telomere

D. Genomere

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

58. What part of the chromosome is thought to be the location where cells lose their ability to replicate?

A. Telomeres

B. Free radicals

C. Antioxidants

D. Atherosclerosis

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

59. With each cell replication, telomeres become slightly ____ and eventually replication cannot occur.

A. rounder

B. flatter

C. longer

D. shorter

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

60. Shortened telomeres of cells have been found to be associated with a wide range of diseases, including ____.

A. hypertension

B. Alzheimer’s disease

C. cancer

D. diabetes

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

61. In the course of metabolising oxygen, our cells create unstable oxygen molecules that contain an unpaired electron. What are these unstable molecules known as?

A. Liberated radicals

B. Gratis radicals

C. Rogue radicals

D. Free radicals

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

62. As they drift about the cell in their unstable state, what molecules cause damage to the DNA and other structures the cell needs to function?

A. Liberated radicals

B. Gratis radicals

C. Rogue radicals

D. Free radicals

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

63. Your roommate is an avid runner. She runs at least 3 miles every day and generally runs 6 to 8 miles on the weekends. Researchers have suggested that people who run are more likely to have free radicals, which can be damaging to cells. The presence of what substance might help to reduce the damaging effects of free radicals?

A. Antichromerase

B. Antitelomerase

C. Anticancerous

D. Antioxidants

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

64. What absorbs the extra electron in the free radicals and thereby prevents them from damaging cells?

A. Antioxidants

B. Anticellulars

C. Antisocials

D. Antiradicals

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

65. Fruits and vegetables that contain beta carotene and vitamins E and C are recommended because they are high in what substances?

A. Antioxidants

B. Anticellulars

C. Antisocials

D. Antiradicals

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

66. Experimental studies in which animals and humans receive these supplements of _____ have been shown to increase muscle mass and bone density, reduce fat and increase activity levels.

A. antidepressants

B. vitamins C and B12

C. collagen injections

D. growth hormones

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

67. Your aunt has been using a substance that has yielded increased muscle mass and bone density, reduced fat and increased activity levels. What is this substance?

A. Oestrogen

B. Progesterone

C. Growth hormone

D. Testosterone

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

68. Which of the following are known side effects of the prolonged use of growth hormones?

A. Thinning of hair, hearing impairment and loss of visual acuity

B. Growth of excess hair, liver damage and abnormal growth of hands

C. Thinning of hair, scoliosis and jaundice

D. Growth of sores on the skin, near-sightedness and eczema

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

69. What is a hormone that is involved in muscle growth, bone density and the functioning of the cardiovascular system?

A. TSAE

B. MMPI

C. CIAFBI

D. DHEA

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

70. DHEA is a hormone involved in muscle growth, bone density and the functioning of the cardiovascular system. DHEA production increases until about age 30 years of age and then decreases. The level of DHEA at age 80 is about what percentage of what it was at age 30?

A. 5%

B. 15%

C. 25%

D. 35%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

71. In a wide variety of animal species, decreasing caloric intake by what percent results in an increase in lifespan of up to 50%?

A. 5 to 10

B. 10 to 30

C. 30 to 50

D. 50 to 70

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

72. In a wide variety of animal species, decreasing caloric intake by 30% to 50% results in an increase in the lifespan of approximately what percentage?

A. 30%

B. 50%

C. 70%

D. 90%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

73. Philip was watching a television show in which a doctor promoted reducing caloric intake as a means to increase longevity. The physician stated that if individuals reduced caloric intake by 30% to 50%, it might increase one’s lifespan by 50%. As discussed in the text, and related to this scenario, which of the following best describes the topic?

A. A calorie-limited consumption diet

B. A calorie-restricted diet

C. A calorie miser diet

D. A calorie Scrooge diet

Learning Objective: 13.2

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

74. Your 32-year-old brother has decided to reduce his caloric intake to improve his health. Research by Fontana et al. (2004) has determined that he is likely to benefit in what ways?

A. Better cardiovascular functioning and lower blood pressure

B. Low risks of cancer and infectious diseases

C. Lower probability of obesity and stroke

D. Longer lifespan and less risk of senile dementia

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

75. For most of human history, where has death most commonly occurred?

A. In a communal area at the outskirts of a residential area

B. At a hospital

C. At home

D. In a quarantined area

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

76. Where do most people die in developing countries today?

A. In a communal area at the outskirts of the residential areas

B. At a hospital

C. At home

D. In a quarantined area

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

77. Which of the following is the primary reason why in developing countries most individuals die at home?

A. Very few people have access to hospitals or clinics

B. For most, it is against their religious beliefs to die outside of their village

C. Very few people have the desire to be cared for by strangers

D. Most individuals cannot afford professional medical care

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

78. Surveys in developed countries (National Hospice and Palliative Care Organization, 2008) have indicated that what percentage of people would prefer to die at home?

A. 80%–90%

B. 60%–70%

C. 40%–50%

D. 20%–30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

79. What percentage of people who were surveyed in developed countries indicated that they would prefer to die at home versus a hospital or hospice care?

A. 20%–40%

B. 40%–60%

C. 60%–70%

D. 80%–90%

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

80. In developed countries, what percentage of people actually dies at home?

A. 85%

B. 62%

C. 43%

D. 14%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

81. Most people in developed countries would prefer to die at home; however, according to the text, only about what percentage dies at home?

A. 85%

B. 62%

C. 43%

D. 14%

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

82. In developed countries, most individuals die at ____, whereas in developing countries most individuals die at ____.

A. a hospital; home

B. home; a hospital

C. hospice care; a nursing home

D. a nursing home; hospice care

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

83. In developed countries, most people die in ____.

A. a hospital

B. home

C. hospice care

D. residential care

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

84. In developed countries, where do people die around 32% of the time?

A. A hospital

B. Home

C. Hospice care

D. Residential care

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

85. For developed countries, which of the following account for 46% of where deaths occur combined?

A. Residential care and homes

B. Home and work

C. Assisted living facilities and hospitals

D. Hospitals and home

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

86. Your grandfather has terminal cancer and is likely to die in the next 2 months. Your grandmother is planning on taking care of your grandfather at home with no additional help other than the occasional assistance of family members. Your mother is concerned about the burden this places on your grandmother. What can you tell her about how home care affects the caregiver? Your grandmother ____.

A. is likely to have high stress levels up to a year after your grandfather’s death

B. will have very low stress levels as a function of your grandfather dying at home

C. can handle the care of your grandfather and she will have less stress as a result

D. will be glad that your grandfather did not die in a hospital potentially by himself

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

87. Your 32-year-old cousin has terminal cancer. He has been in the hospital and will be there until he dies, which is imminent. How does your family feel about his care while he has been in the hospital? Because the focus of medical personnel is on the technology and medications your cousin needs, rather than his emotional or social needs, your family is likely to ____.

A. be very happy with his care

B. feel that the care is impersonal and dehumanising

C. feel that the hospital staff is not trained in current cancer treatments

D. be very dissatisfied with his care and feel that they wish he would die soon

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

88. Death at a hospital has the benefit of ____; however, many often complain that ____.

A. having the support of healthcare professionals; it tends to be impersonal and dehumanising

B. being covered by health insurance; tends to be far from an individual’s home

C. convenience for loved ones; it is extremely costly and financially draining

D. being socially accepted; it tends to be frightening and demoralising

Learning Objective: 13.3

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

89. Your grandmother fell and broke her hip. She has been in the hospital for a week and a half. She now has pneumonia and her body is failing quickly. If your grandmother and her doctor are like most physicians and their patients, in terms of your grandmother’s prospects for recovery, she and her doctor have ____.

A. not discussed the probability that she might die

B. had several long discussions about the likelihood of her death

C. had several long discussions about the type of end-of-life care that she should have

D. prayed together about her care

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

90. What program aims to address not just medical issues but also the physical, emotional, social and spiritual needs of individuals who are dying and their families?

A. Home nursing care

B. Hospital care

C. Hospice

D. Hospital cancer centres

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

91. What type of care is most consistent with the following description? ‘Care aims to address not just medical issues but the physical, emotional, social and spiritual needs of dying persons and their families.’

A. Nursing home

B. Home

C. Hospice

D. Hospital

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

92. Your 32-year-old cousin is dying of terminal cancer. Although his hospital care has been extraordinarily good, his doctors have estimated that he only has 2 months of life left. All of the medical approaches have been exhausted and your family has decided to pursue what approach in an effort to make sure his emotional and spiritual needs are met, as well as to receive support themselves?

A. Home nursing care

B. Hospital care

C. Hospice

D. Hospital cancer centres

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

93. What type of care focuses on relieving the patient’s pain and suffering and providing care in a way that allows the person to die with dignity?

A. Palliative care

B. Hospital care

C. Home nursing care

D. Narco-intervention care

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

94. In which type of care is the focus to relieve the patient’s pain and suffering and provide care in a way that allows the person to die with dignity?

A. Calming care

B. Soothing care

C. Analgesic care

D. Palliative care

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

95. Where does hospice care commonly occur?

A. In a hospital

B. In a cancer centre

C. At home

D. In a nursing home

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

96. What are the differences between individuals who provide care for a dying person at home by themselves compared to individuals who also have hospice support? Two years later, caregiving family members who also had hospice care had ____.

A. considerably more money

B. better psychological functioning

C. post-traumatic stress

D. severe feelings of guilt

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

97. Hospice care has expanded greatly in recent years in developed countries because families respond to it much more favourably than what other type of care?

A. Standard hospital care

B. Care at cancer treatment centres

C. Diet and herbal treatments

D. Taking care of family members with home nursing care

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

98. Hospice care tends to be applied only at the very end of life, with a median length of ____.

A. 1 year

B. 6 months

C. 20 days

D. 5 days

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

99. Your roommate tells you that her terminally ill aunt is going to begin to receive hospice care. Based on the information you know, roughly how much time does your roommate’s aunt has left?

A. 1 year

B. 6 months

C. 20 days

D. 5 days

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

100. Which of the following individuals is more likely to receive hospice care during the death process?

A. Fred, who was diagnosed with terminal cancer

B. Sam, who was diagnosed with Alzheimer’s disease

C. Carry, who was diagnosed with Parkinson’s disease

D. Starling, who has pneumonia

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

101. What percentage of people in developed countries support euthanasia?

A. 10%

B. 30%

C. 50%

D. 70%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

102. What percentage of people in developed countries does not believe in euthanasia?

A. 10%

B. 30%

C. 50%

D. 70%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

103. What means ‘good death’ and is the term for the practice of ending the life of a person who is suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability?

A. Hospice

B. Palliation

C. Thanatos

D. Euthanasia

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

104. What term means ‘good death’ and involves the practice of ending the life of a person who is suffering from an incurable disease or severe disability?

A. Mortality

B. Bereavement

C. Fatality

D. Euthanasia

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

105. Which of the following best describes passive euthanasia?

A. Ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a persons’ life

B. Not just ceasing treatment but also taking steps to hasten death

C. Voluntarily taking steps that might place one’s life in jeopardy

D. Against a person’s wishes, actions may occur that place a person’s life in jeopardy

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

106. What type of care involves ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person’s life?

A. Passive euthanasia

B. Active euthanasia

C. Active palliative care

D. Passive palliative care

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

107. Which of the following best describes active euthanasia?

A. Ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person’s life

B. Not just ceasing treatment but also taking steps to hasten death

C. Voluntarily taking steps that might place one’s life in jeopardy

D. Against a person’s wishes, actions may occur that place a person’s life in jeopardy

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

108. What type of care involves not just ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person’s life, but also taking steps that would hasten death?

A. Passive euthanasia

B. Active euthanasia

C. Active palliative care

D. Passive palliative care

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

109. There are two types of euthanasia: ____ involves ceasing medical interventions that would prolong a person’s life, whereas ____ involves not just ceasing treatment but also taking steps to hasten death.

A. voluntary euthanasia; involuntary euthanasia

B. involuntary euthanasia; voluntary euthanasia

C. passive euthanasia; active euthanasia

D. active euthanasia; passive euthanasia

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

110. The results of a survey (DiCamillo and Field, 2006) on attitudes regarding actively taking steps to end the life of a person who is terminally ill indicated what percentage of individuals from the five developing countries involved in the study agreed with this approach?

A. 90%

B. 70%

C. 50%

D. 30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

111. The results of a survey (DiCamillo and Field, 2006) on attitudes regarding ‘assisted suicide’ indicated what percentage of individuals from the five developing countries examined in this study agreed with this approach?

A. Less than 90%

B. Less than 70%

C. Less than 50%

D. Less than 30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

112. Approximately what percentage of Dutch doctors reports performing active euthanasia?

A. 90%

B. 75%

C. 50%

D. 35%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

113. In virtually all countries, what type of end-of-life care is not legal?

A. Active euthanasia

B. Passive euthanasia

C. Palliative care

D. Hospice care

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

114. What term is used to describe when medication is used to relieve the pain of dying patients, even to the point that it causes death?

A. Active euthanasia

B. Passive euthanasia

C. Terminal sedation

D. Medication error

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

115. When people are surveyed to ask about their support of ‘assisted suicide,’ what percentage of people are supportive of it?

A. Approximately 20%

B. Slightly less than 50%

C. Between 55%–75%

D. Over 75%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

116. Active euthanasia is legal in all of the following except:

A. Canada

B. Most of Europe

C. Several American states

D. Australia

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

117. The most controversial part of euthanasia is for cases where the dying person ____.

A. does not have a terminal illness

B. does not want to die

C. is incapacitated

D. has no family

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

118. Your 91-year-old great-aunt has terminal cancer. You and she have had many conversations regarding what she would want done if she were incapacitated and could not make choices about any additional medical interventions. Because she knew in advance what she wanted to have happen, she created _____.

A. an advance directive

B. a will

C. a trust fund

D. a doctor–patient agreement

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

119. What involves a person’s written and oral instructions concerning end-of-life care?

A. A health care proxy

B. Active euthanasia

C. Involuntary euthanasia

D. An advance directive

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

120. Your grandfather was very concerned that at the end of his life he would be placed on a respirator and kept alive even when there was little hope that he would recover from whatever ailment from which he was suffering. As a result, he created a written document specifying which treatments he wanted to have in case he had a terminal illness, was in a coma or had brain death. What is this type of document?

A. An advance directive

B. A living will

C. A doctor–patient agreement

D. A family-structured agreement

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

121. Your grandmother did not want medical personnel to attempt to prolong her life if her heart stopped or she stopped breathing. What type of agreement did she have to communicate these wishes?

A. An advance directive

B. A Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) provision

C. A doctor–patient agreement

D. A family-structured agreement

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

122. A person who is designated to make treatment decisions on behalf of a dying person in the event of incapacitation is a(n) _____.

A. health care proxy

B. advance director

C. patient–doctor liaison

D. health care lawyer

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

123. Kendra has designated her husband as the person who shall be legally responsible to make treatment decisions on her behalf in the event of incapacitation. This is called a _____.

A. legal trust

B. Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) provision

C. last will and testament

D. health care proxy

Learning Objective: 13.4

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

124. In a study of end-of-life care, what percentage of physicians overseeing a patient’s care knew that the patient had an advance directive?

A. Less than 90%

B. Less than 70%

C. Less than 50%

D. Less than 30%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

125. Your grandfather has an advance directive and the hospital staff where he is receiving end-of-life interventions was informed of this. However, the physician and other health care providers are not following it. Your family is very unhappy about this situation. Why would a physician not honour an advance directive?

A. They are too busy to remember that your grandfather had one.

B. Hospitals do not follow advance directives.

C. Physicians are reluctant to follow advance directives due to perceived legal vulnerability.

D. They must be informed by the patient, not the family, of the advance directive.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

Short

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

127. In what part of the lifespan is cancer most common? Explain why.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

128. If you were to compare the telomeres of healthy centenarians with those who have chronic illnesses (e.g. heart disease, cancer or diabetes), what would you find? Include a definition of telomeres in your explanation.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

129. Is there evidence that humans are genetically preprogrammed to die at a certain point in the lifespan? Explain.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

130. Describe one area of research that has shown promise in reducing some of the physiological effects of aging.

Difficulty: Complex

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

131. A relative tells you that your aunt wanted to die at home rather than stay in the hospital. What is a benefit of dying at home?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.3

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

132. Two sisters are in the hospital at the bedside of their dying mother, who has slipped into a coma, and her heart has suddenly stopped. One sister calls the doctor, who rushes in and provides medical intervention to keep her alive. The other sister is furious because she knows that her mother would not have wanted to live this way. Could anything be done to avoid this situation?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the sociocultural contexts of death

Essay: Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

133. Are there sex or ethnic differences in death rates due to heart disease in middle and late adulthood in the United States? Explain.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.1

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

134. Recent research has shown that the shortening of telomeres is not irreversible. Provide an overview of the research that provided this insight. Are there any limitations that need to be considered? Include a definition of telomeres in your response.

Difficulty: Complex

Learning Objective: 13.2

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Physical aspects of death: the biological processes of death and ageing

135. A student visits a privately funded house where hospice care is provided. He learns that, in addition to the nurse on duty, a staff of volunteers comes around the clock to work. When the student asks the volunteer, ‘Isn’t this depressing—how can you do this?’ what do you think the volunteer might say in response? What are two benefits of hospice?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

Section 2: Emotional responses to death

Multiple choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. What is the experience of losing a loved one to death?

A. Bereavement

B. Grief

C. Depression

D. Anxiety

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

2. What is the intense psychological response that often accompanies losing a loved one to death?

A. Bereavement

B. Grief

C. Depression

D. Anxiety

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

3. Your grandfather died a month ago. Your grandmother is having a great deal of trouble coping with his death. She is experiencing ____.

A. bereavement

B. grief

C. depression

D. anxiety

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

4. ____ is the experience of losing a loved one, and ____ is the intense psychological response that often follows.

A. Mortality; euthanasia

B. Euthanasia; mortality

C. Grief; bereavement

D. Bereavement; grief

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

5. In the initial hours, days and perhaps weeks following bereavement, grief often involves ____.

A. shock, numbness and disbelief

B. depression, anxiety and shock

C. a split with reality, denial and anger

D. schizoid type symptoms, numbness and anger

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

6. As the initial shock of losing a loved one fades, it is frequently followed by a cascade of powerful, unsettling and shifting emotions. These intense emotional states may alternate with down states that resemble the symptoms of which disorder?

A. Schizophrenia

B. Obsessive-compulsive disorder

C. Anxiety

D. Depression

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

7. Your mother tells you that she is concerned for your grandmother. Your grandmother had a dog that she absolutely adored and had to euthanise it last week. She has lost interest in her daily activities and has begun to mope around the house. She longs to be with her dog and misses him dearly. Your mother believes that a psychologist needs to get involved. Based upon the information provided by the text, what should you tell your mother?

A. ‘Mom, it’s normal for a person to experience minor depression in the initial stages of bereavement.’

B. ‘Mom, a psychologist is only going to get involved if Grandma becomes suicidal.’

C. ‘Mom, you’re right. Grandma’s behaviours are not normal and we need to get her some professional help.’

D. ‘Mom, you’re crazy! Grandma has always been this way, even when the dog was alive.’

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

8. For most individuals, the symptoms of bereavement begin to subside within ____.

A. hours or days

B. days or weeks

C. weeks or months

D. months or years

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

9. Which of the following correlates with the intensity of grieving?

A. The length and severity of the death process

B. Whether a person had died at home or in the hospital

C. A pre-history of anxiety for the person who is grieving

D. The closeness or degree of attachment to the deceased

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

10. When there is a close attachment to the person who died, the feelings of loss and yearning may ____.

A. take several weeks to entirely fade

B. take several months to entirely fade

C. take several years to entirely fade

D. never entirely fade

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

11. Researchers have found that widows and widowers frequently engage in which of the following behaviours?

A. Never-ending bereavement

B. Unceasing depression

C. Talking with their deceased spouse

D. Ignoring their children and grandchildren

Learning Objective: 13.5

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

12. How a person responds to the death of another person depends on who has died and ____.

A. how long they have known them

B. if they were related

C. how the death occurred

D. what age the person was at death

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

13. The variations in forms and patterns of grieving depend upon ____.

A. who has died and where they died

B. why death occurred and how it occurred

C. when death occurred and where it occurred

D. who has died and how the death occurred

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

14. Your uncle died recently. Your aunt and uncle had a great relationship and marriage. Given the intensity of the attachment, how intense will your aunt’s grief be?

A. Not intense at all

B. Not very intense

C. Somewhat intense

D. Very intense

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

15. The deaths that cause the most grief are those of parents, spouses and ____.

A. close friends

B. children

C. grandparents

D. siblings

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

16. In general, the deaths that provoke the most grief are those of ____.

A. spouses, friends and pets

B. friends, parents and cousins

C. children, friends and pets

D. parents, children and spouses

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

17. Children who experience the death of a parent tend to be ____.

A. very resilient and handle other anxiety-provoking issues well

B. deeply affected even years later

C. very awkward in social situations during their period of grief

D. older than children who do not lose parents

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

18. The grief that children experience over the loss of a parent is dependent in part on which of the following?

A. Their personality characteristics; professional counselling they receive

B. Whether or not the death was socially accepted; suicide came into play

C. Their temperament; their view of whether or not the death was avoidable or unavoidable

D. How old they are when the parent dies; support they receive from others

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

19. Both in the near and long term, the death of a parent places children at risk for emotional difficulties, especially ____.

A. schizophrenia

B. obsessive-compulsive disorder

C. depression

D. anxiety

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

20. How much greater are the negative effects of depression, anxiety, substance abuse and cognitive difficulties including memory issues for older adults who have lost a spouse than other older adults who have not lost spouses?

A. 4 times greater

B. 6 times greater

C. 8 times greater

D. 10 times greater

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

21. Your uncle died of a very aggressive, unexpected cancer at a young age. Your young cousins who are aged 8 and 10 years ____.

A. will be especially at risk for depression

B. are likely to forget their father

C. are at risk for schizophrenia

D. are likely to never marry or to have poor romantic relationships

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

22. Your 8-year-old cousin was killed in a car accident in which your uncle was driving. The loss of your cousin has been extremely difficult for your aunt and uncle, who are feeling high levels of distress. You are worried that they are at risk for ____.

A. neglecting your other cousin

B. drug abuse

C. alcoholism

D. divorce

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

23. Parents who experience the death of a child are at greater risk for ____.

A. schizophrenia

B. personality disorders

C. divorce

D. job loss

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

24. An older adult who has lost a spouse is nearly ____ times more likely to experience depression, anxiety, substance use and cognitive difficulties with memory and concentration as compared to their married peers.

A. 3

B. 5

C. 10

D. 20

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

25. In the first year following the death of a spouse, the risk of mortality is how many times higher than for married peers?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 7

D. 10

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

26. What percentage of wives outlives their husbands?

A. 90%

B. 80%

C. 70%

D. 60%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

27. What is one of the reasons that wives tend to outlive their husbands? Women tend to live longer and men tend to _____.

A. marry later

B. commit suicide

C. divorce their wives before old age

D. have commitment issues

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

28. How many times more likely are widowers to remarry compared to widows?

A. 2

B. 4

C. 7

D. 10

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

29. What type of death evokes the most intense grief?

A. Unexpected, such as a heart attack of a person who was thought to be completely healthy

B. Long anticipated, such as cancer

C. Sudden, but expected such as with an intense illness

D. Accidental death

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

30. What type of death often shatters the survivors’ assumptions that the world is benevolent, just and predictable, and the psychological effects are evident for years afterward?

A. Unavoidable death

B. Expected death

C. Sudden death

D. Anticipated death

Learning Objective: 13.6

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

31. Your aunt and uncle recently lost their 26-year-old son. They are not only devastated by his death, but they are also feeling shame and guilt. In what way did your cousin likely die?

A. As a result of a car accident

B. As a result of suicide

C. He had a genetic-related form of cancer

D. As a result of an intense illness

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

32. When people accept that the death of a loved one is inevitable and begin to adapt to it emotionally, what is happening?

A. Adaptation grief

B. Acceptance grief

C. Anticipatory grief

D. Anticlimactic grief

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

33. Your grandfather was diagnosed Alzheimer’s disease several years ago. Your mother has been taking care of your grandfather for the past 5 years, which has been very difficult. As the Alzheimer’s disease progressed, she was required to provide more assistance and by the time he died 2 months ago, he was less and less who he used to be. Your mother’s grief for the loss of her father is likely accompanied by ____.

A. severe depression

B. physical and emotional exhaustion

C. regret that she could not have done more

D. relief at having her life back

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

34. Based on her interview with 200 terminally ill patients, Kübler-Ross proposed that people go through a series of how many stages in their response to imminent death?

A. 4

B. 5

C. 6

D. 7

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

35. According to Kübler-Ross, in what stage do people who are facing imminent death refuse to believe that they are terminally ill?

A. Denial

B. Anger

C. Bargaining

D. Depression

Difficulty: Basic

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

36. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of denial?

A. ‘Look at all the people who are much worse than me and yet still healthy.’

B. ‘No, it can’t be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else’s.’

C. ‘Let me live, and I promise I’ll dedicate my life to healing others.’

D. ‘There’s no hope. I don’t think we can win. It might be best just to give up the fight.’

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

37. According to Kübler-Ross, in what stage would a person who is facing imminent death reason that ‘it is not fair’ or that ‘I am a good person, look at all of the people who are much worse than me and yet are still healthy?’

A. Denial

B. Anger

C. Bargaining

D. Acceptance

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

38. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of anger?

A. ‘There’s no hope. I don’t think we can win. It might be best just to give up the fight.’

B. ‘No, it can’t be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else’s.’

C. ‘Let me live, and I promise I’ll dedicate my life to healing others.’

D. ‘It’s not fair. I’m a good person. Look at all the people who are much worse than me and yet still healthy.’

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

39. According to Kübler-Ross, in what stage would a person who is facing imminent death plead ‘just let me live and I promise I’ll dedicate my life to healing others’ or ‘just give me one more year so that I can see my child get married’?

A. Denial

B. Anger

C. Bargaining

D. Acceptance

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

40. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of bargaining?

A. ‘Look at all the people who are much worse than me and yet still healthy.’

B. ‘No, it can’t be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else’s.’

C. ‘Let me live, and I promise I’ll dedicate my life to healing others.’

D. ‘There’s no hope. I don’t think we can win. It might be best just to give up the fight.’

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

41. According to Kübler-Ross, in what stage would a person who is facing imminent death find that death is growing nearer and there is little that can be done?

A. Depression

B. Anger

C. Bargaining

D. Acceptance

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

42. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of depression?

A. ‘There’s no hope. I don’t think we can win. It might be best just to give up the fight.’

B. ‘No, it can’t be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else’s.’

C. ‘Let me live, and I promise I’ll dedicate my life to healing others.’

D. ‘It’s not fair. I’m a good person. Look at all the people who are much worse than me and yet still healthy.’

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

43. According to Kübler-Ross, in what stage would a person who is facing imminent death find a feeling of peace as resistance to death is abandoned, or no feeling at all, but only a sense of disengagement and a desire to be with only a few people most valued?

A. Depression

B. Anger

C. Bargaining

D. Acceptance

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

44. Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that some people travel through five stages of coping when diagnosed with a terminal illness. Which of the following best illustrates the stage of acceptance?

A. ‘There’s no hope. I don’t think we can win. It might be best just to give up the fight.’

B. ‘No, it can’t be true. There must be some mistake. Perhaps my test results got mixed up with someone else’s.’

C. ‘Okay, this is it. We’ve done everything that we can so now it’s time to make the best of what we have. The time we have together is precious, so let’s make worthwhile.’

D. ‘It’s not fair. I’m a good person. Look at all the people who are much worse than me and yet still healthy.’

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

45. Which of the following is the correct order of Elisabeth Kübler-Ross’s stages that people go through as a response to death?

A. Depression, anger, denial, bargaining and acceptance

B. Bargaining, anger, depression, denial and acceptance

C. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance

D. Anger, denial, depression, bargaining and acceptance

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

46. Which of the following are the stages that Elisabeth Kübler-Ross proposes that individuals go through as a response to death?

A. Denial, anger, bargaining, depression and acceptance

B. Frustration, anger, sadness, surprise and depression

C. Anxiousness, depression, acceptance, apathy and denial

D. Anger, frustration, bargaining, compliance and surprise

Learning Objective: 13.7

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

47. Subsequent research that has examined Kübler-Ross’s theory has found that ____.

A. most terminally ill patients go through her stages just as she described

B. there was very little application of the theory to terminally ill patients

C. it was too complicated and not able to be evaluated through research

D. few terminally ill patients go through her stages in sequence if at all

Difficulty: Complex

Learning Objective: 13.7

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

48. Kübler-Ross has been influential in describing people’s psychological response to awareness of a fatal illness. Which of the following was overlooked as a response to a diagnosis of terminal illness which research has found to be very common?

A. Anger

B. Fear

B. Anxiety

D. Denial

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

49. Subsequent research that has examined Kübler-Ross’s theory has found the theory

A. overlooks a very common response to a diagnosis of terminal illness—fear.

B. holds up very well to research.

C. describes how the majority of people who are facing a terminal illness feel.

D. also describes how the family members of terminal patients feel.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

50. As a response to a diagnosis of terminal illness, Langner (2002) and Krikorian et al. (2012) found that a common response to a diagnosis of terminal illness was ______.

A. spirituality

B. apathy

C. fear

D. enlightenment

Learning Objective: 13.8

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

Short

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

52. Bonanno (2004) notes that the more intense the attachment was, the more intense the grief is likely to be after the loss of a loved one. Provide an example, citing research.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.6

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

53. What are two criticisms of Kübler-Ross’s stage theory of death and dying?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.8

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: confronting death

Essay: Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

54. Provide two examples of how the circumstances of death affect the course of grief.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.5

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Emotional responses to death: bereavement and grief

Section 3: Beliefs about death and the afterlife

Multiple choice: Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1. Most children have had some experience with death by the time they are how old?

A. 1 or 2 years old

B. 2 or 3 years old

C. 3 or 4 years old

D. 5 or 6 years old

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

2. When do most children understand that death is permanent?

A. Infancy

B. Early childhood

C. Middle childhood

D. Adolescence

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

3. Most children understand even in early childhood that death is ____.

A. discussable

B. avoidable

C. inevitable

D. permanent

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

4. Susie is 4 years old and just noticed that her pet goldfish has died. According to the text, which of the following is within Susie’s cognitive ability? Susie understands ____.

A. that her goldfish will never come back

B. that all things have to die

C. that there is a reason for death

D. that her goldfish lived a good life

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

5. Most children do not understand that death is inevitable until what age?

A. Early childhood

B. Late childhood

C. Middle childhood

D. Early teens

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

6. When do most children understand that death is inevitable?

A. Infancy

B. Early childhood

C. middle childhood

D. Adolescence

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

7. Even in early childhood, most children understand that death is ____; however, for most children it is not until middle childhood that they realise that death is ____.

A. discussable; avoidable

B. avoidable; discussable

C. inevitable; permanent

D. permanent; inevitable

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

8. Ryan is 12 years old and his sister Mallorie is 4. Their pet dog just died. Based upon his age, which of the following concepts can Ryan understand that Mallorie cannot?

A. That their dog will never come back

B. That all things eventually die

C. That death is permanent

D. There is no way to reverse the death of their dog

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

9. You have a nephew who is 4 years old. His grandfather recently died. What is the likely way that adults in your family will speak to your nephew about his grandfather’s death? They will probably tell him that his grandfather ____.

A. has passed on

B. died

C. will be coming back soon

D. had a stroke

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

10. When do individuals’ beliefs about death become more abstract and complex such that they begin using terms such as ‘eternal light’ and ‘nothingness’?

A. Early childhood

B. Late childhood

C. Middle childhood

D. Adolescence

Learning Objective: 13.9

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

11. When do individuals begin using abstractions such as ‘eternal light’ and ‘nothingness’ when describing their thoughts about death?

A. Infancy

B. Early childhood

C. Middle childhood

D. Adolescence

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

12. What concept explains why some adolescents who have been diagnosed with a terminal illness refuse to believe they really will die soon?

A. Fear of dying

B. Weak ego development

C. Imaginary audience

D. Personal fable

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

13. When is anxiety about one’s death the highest?

A. Emerging adulthood

B. Young adulthood

C. Middle adulthood

D. Late adulthood

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

14. When is death anxiety at its lowest?

A. Emerging adulthood

B. Young adulthood

C. Middle adulthood

D. Late adulthood

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

15. Death anxiety is ____ in emerging adulthood, then ____ with age and is lowest in ____ adulthood.

A. highest; declines; late

B. lowest; increases; middle

C. highest; declines; middle

D. lowest; increases; early

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

16. What occurs for most individuals during late adulthood when one thinks about the life he or she has lived and comes to an acceptance of it, both the lows and the highs?

A. Life review

B. Circumstantial reflection

C. Generativity analysis

D. Existence synopsis

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

17. From the time that you were a very young child, you and your grandparents have had a very good and loving relationship. They talk about all kinds of things with you. They are both in their late 70s and have been talking quite a bit about their lives, how they lived their lives and the high and low points. According to Butler, what are your grandparents doing?

A. Reminiscing

B. A life review

C. Reconstructing their life history

D. Storytelling

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

18. What is the crisis that Erikson proposed exists during late adulthood?

A. Identity vs. identity confusion

B. Intimacy vs. isolation

C. Generativity vs. stagnation

D. Ego integrity vs. despair

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

19. What did Erikson propose was the main crisis of late adulthood?

A. Trust vs. mistrust

B. Industry vs. inferiority

C. Ego identity vs. confusion

D. Ego integrity vs. despair

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

20. Research that has examined Erikson’s last stage has found that most people end life in a state of ____.

A. ego integrity

B. despair

C. unhappiness

D. confusion

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

21. According to Erikson, which of the following best describes an individual who is in the state of ego integrity?

A. They have the ability to self-regulate and take initiative in their own actions.

B. They have developed a healthy sense of identity and goals in life.

C. They have come to terms with their life, for better or worse.

D. They have developed a sense of trust with their primary care provider.

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

22. Older adults often have some fears associated with death, such as suffering and pain, loss of self-control and the ____.

A. knowledge that their lives are ending soon

B. effects of their death on loved ones

C. feeling that they did not accomplish what they wanted to in life

D. regrets they had concerning certain life events

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

23. Anxiety about death is lowest among those who ____.

A. maintain strong religious faith

B. are atheist or agnostic

C. are unsure or inconsistent about religion

D. believe that they are sinners

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

24. Individuals who have the strongest religious faith tend to have the lowest death anxiety. Why?

A. They have high confidence there will be a pleasant afterlife.

B. They are sure there is no afterlife.

C. They do not believe in death.

D. Their faith does not allow them to worry about death.

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

25. Anxiety about death is highest among those who ____.

A. maintain strong religious faith

B. are atheist or agnostic

C. are unsure or inconsistent about religion

D. believe that they are sinners

Learning Objective: 13.10

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

26. Across cultures, death anxiety is also consistently higher among ____.

A. poor individuals

B. individuals with terminal illness

C. men

D. women

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

27. Your 82-year-old grandparents talk a fair amount about death and very frequently joke about it. Why?

A. They are psychologically disturbed.

B. They are using humour as a coping strategy.

C. They have a very strong fear of death.

D. They have a very warped sense of humour.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

28. In all religions, there is a belief that after death the ____.

A. soul remains in existence

B. soul dies with the body

C. soul does not exist

D. soul remains intact only in worthy individuals

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

29. In every religion, the determination of the soul’s destiny in the afterlife depends on ____.

A. the religious status of the individual

B. the position of the individual within the religion

C. the kind of moral life the person led

D. not all religions believe that there is a soul

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

30. Your high school friend and you are discussing your religious beliefs. After some discussion, he describes how, when his grandfather died, his eyes were closed and his body laid on the floor. Candles were lit nearby. What is likely his religion?

A. Christianity

B. Judaism

C. Islam

D. Buddhism

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

31. The International Social Survey Program surveyed 32 countries. Which country has the greatest difference in people saying ‘definitely yes’ as opposed to ‘probably yes’ in answer to the question: Do you believe in life after death?

A. Ireland

B. Chile

C. Spain

D. Turkey

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

32. When asked the question, ‘Do you believe in life after death?’ how did the great majority of Japanese answer?

A. ‘Definitely no’

B. ‘Probably no’

C. ‘Definitely yes’

D. ‘Probably yes’

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

33. You and your neighbour have had several discussions regarding religion and politics. You both agree that there is life after death. Based on these beliefs, which of the following is most likely her native country?

A. Russia

B. Hungary

C. Japan

D. Chile

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

34. Which of the following countries is least likely to believe in life after death?

A. Philippines

B. United States

C. Israel

D. Denmark

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: 4

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

35. You and your neighbour have had several discussions regarding religion and politics. Like you, he was born and raised in the United States. He is very religious and strongly believes that there is life after death. Based on these beliefs, which of the following is most likely his ethnicity?

A. European American

B. Latinos

C. Asian American

D. Native American

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

36. In a survey of 32 countries around the world, which of the following has the greatest degree of scepticism for life after death?

A. Chile

B. Russia

C. the United States

D. the Philippines

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

37. In which two countries have participation in organised religion faded substantially in the past century and few people participate in religious institutions today?

A. United States and Canada

B. Chile and Mexico

C. France and England

D. Denmark and France

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

38. What percentage of Hungarians responded with “definitely yes” that they believed in life after death?

A. 78%

B. 37%

C. 25%

D. 12%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

39. A survey by the Pew Research Center (2008) found that what percentage of people were likely to believe in hell?

A. 25%

B. 47%

C. 59%

D. 74%

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

40. A survey by the Pew Research Center (2008) found that what percentage of people were likely to believe in heaven?

A. 25%

B. 47%

C. 59%

D. 74%

Difficulty: Complex

Skill: C

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

41. You and your roommate were discussing life after death. She told you that she had no worries about the afterlife as she believes in reincarnation. What is her likely religion?

A. Mormonism

B. Catholicism

C. Hinduism

D. Buddhism

Difficulty: Complex

Skill: A

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

42. Which of the following religions believes in the importance of faith versus works as far as what determines what happens in the afterlife?

A. Christianity

B. Hinduism

C. Islam

D. Buddhism

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

43. What is the belief that after death the soul returns again to earth in another bodily form?

A. Reincarnation

B. Rebirth

C. Regrowth

D. Recycling

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

44. According to Buddhism, the release from the cycle of death and rebirth is ____.

A. heaven

B. nirvana

C. karma

D. reincarnation

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

45. In Buddhism, when the soul is released from the cycle of death and rebirth, it has reached ____.

A. nirvana

B. paradise

C. fantasy

D. heaven

Learning Objective: 13.11

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

46. Reincarnation is to ____ as nirvana is to ____.

A. Christianity; Islam

B. Islam; Christianity

C. Islam; Buddhism

D. Hinduism; Buddhism

Learning Objective: 13.12

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

47. In what major religion is reincarnation a central aspect of the afterlife beliefs?

A. Hinduism

B. Christianity

C. Judaism

D. Islam

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

48. Where do most Hindus die?

A. At a temple

B. At a church

C. At a hospital

D. At home

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

49. In which religion is a lamp lit and incense burned continuously upon death?

A. Judaism

B. Hinduism

C. Buddhism

D. Christianity

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

50. What does the Hindu religion discourage as a function of a death of a family member?

A. Excessive celebration

B. Prolonged mourning

C. Marriage during the mourning process

D. Cremation

Learning Objective: 13.12

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

51. What is the process of burning an individual’s deceased body until it becomes ash, which is a common practice in Hinduism?

A. Burial

B. Cremation

C. Embalming

D. Stabilising

Learning Objective: 13.12

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

52. In the Hindu religion, about 12 hours after cremation the family men return to collect the ashes. The ashes are then scattered in a holy body of water, ideally the ____.

A. Ganges River

B. Amazon River

C. Nile River

D. Rio Grande

Learning Objective: 13.12

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

53. The Hindu religion generally discourages prolonged mourning and encourages the survivors to move on with life after how many days?

A. 7

B. 14

C. 31

D. 365

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

54. Sarah’s mother recently passed away and she has called upon monks to lead mourning rituals. Which of the following religions can we assume Sarah subscribes to?

A. Christianity

B. Islam

C. Buddhism

D. Judaism

Learning Objective: 13.12

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

55. In what religion is eating and drinking forbidden in the same room as the deceased body, as this would ‘mock the deceased, who is no longer able to enjoy these pleasures’?

A. Judaism

B. Hinduism

C. Buddhism

D. Catholicism

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

56. In Judaism, upon learning of the death of a family member or close friend, the tradition is to express grief by ____.

A. lying prostrate on the floor of the family’s house

B. wearing a black ribbon

C. abstaining from eating and drinking during the mourning period

D. washing one’s hands and feet four times daily

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

57. In Judaism, after the burial of a deceased individual, family members enter an intense 7-day period called _____.

A. Chanukkha

B. B’Shevat

C. shiva

D. Pesach

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

58. In Catholicism, what is the name of the funeral service?

A. Requiem mass

B. Regular mass

C. Funeral mass

D. Death mass

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

59. Your neighbours had a family member die and it was very critical that the burial take place very quickly. You were curious and asked why, and learned that the family’s religion does not allow embalming or other procedures to take place. What religion is your neighbour?

A. Buddhism

B. Judaism

C. Islam

D. Hinduism

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

60. In which of the world religions is cremation forbidden?

A. Hinduism

B. Christianity

C. Islam

D. Buddhism

Learning Objective: 13.12

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

61. In the Hindu religion, the spirit of a loved one is recognised and honoured ____.

A. twice a year

B. once a year

C. once every 2 years

D. twice every 4 years

Learning Objective: 13.13

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

62. You are watching a documentary on how various religions honour their deceased relatives. In this program, the family members are preparing a meal of dishes the deceased person enjoyed in life and the food is served as an offering in a ritual ceremony led by the eldest son. What religion performs this ritual each year?

A. Buddhism

B. Judaism

C. Islam

D. Hinduism

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

63. In which religion, on the anniversary of a family member’s death, a meal is prepared of dishes the deceased person enjoyed in life, and the food is served as an offering in a ritual ceremony led by a male, usually the oldest son?

A. Christianity

B. Hinduism

C. Islam

D. Judaism

Learning Objective: 13.13

Difficulty: Basic

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

64. In Hinduism, what is the name of the special dish made of rice balls that is prepared for the remembrance of a loved one and set out for the spirit of the ancestor?

A. Aam

B. Gehu

C. Tamatar

D. Pinda

Learning Objective: 13.13

Difficulty: Complex

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

65. In the remembrance of a loved one in Hinduism, Yama is ____.

A. the god of the second world

B. the god of the living

C. the god of nature

D. the god of the dead

Learning Objective: 13.13

Difficulty: Moderate

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

66. In the Jewish tradition, the death of parents, sibling, spouses or children is commemorated each year on the anniversary of the individual’s death. What is the name of this custom?

A. Yahrzeit

B. B’Shevat

C. shiva

D. Pesach

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

67. You and your family are having a discussion about the meaning of Halloween. What holiday is the day after Halloween and is the reason there is a Halloween?

A. All Souls’ Day

B. All Saints’ Day

C. Day of the Dead

D. Day of the Deceased

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

68. A common Mexican symbol of death and rebirth is the _____ and is displayed during what day of observance?

A. cross; All Hallows’ Eve

B. light; All Saints’ Day

C. skull; Day of the Dead

D. memorial plaque; Day of the Deceased

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

Short

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

70. Describe at least one characteristic of individuals who have the highest death anxiety. What is the reason for the strong correlation?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.10

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

71. In which religion would you see the following? Upon death, a lamp is lit and incense is burned. The thumbs and big toes are tied together. Mirrors are covered. The body is taken to be cremated. About 12 hours after cremation, the ashes are scattered with flowers in a holy body of water.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.12

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

72. Your friend tells you that he can’t go with you to a concert because he is going home for Yahrzeit. What is this?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

73. What is the Ghost Month and who celebrates it?

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.13

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Remember

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals

Essay: Write your answer in the space provided or on a separate sheet of paper.

74. Explain how adolescents have a more sophisticated understanding of death than they did in early or middle childhood, yet when it comes to their own mortality, their conception of death seems limited (or less mature than it will be in adulthood).

Difficulty: Complex

Learning Objective: 13.9

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Understand

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: beliefs about death throughout the life span

75. Describe one similarity in afterlife beliefs across religions. Choose two religions and give specific examples of their afterlife beliefs.

Difficulty: Moderate

Learning Objective: 13.11

Bloom’s Taxonomy Level: Apply

A-head: Beliefs about death and the afterlife: afterlife beliefs and mourning rituals