Chapter 13 Sports Politics Influence Test Bank

Student name:__________

1) Politics refers primarily to

A) disagreements that occur in social relationship.
B) all actions of government officials.
C) processes of organizing social power.
D) efforts to influence people through official actions.

2) The author distinguishes between power and authority. Authority refers to

A) duties associated with formal positions held by members of organizations.
B) a form of power that comes with a formal office or position.
C) a person who has gained control over the lives of others.
D) a form of power enabling a person to influence others.

3) Governments become involved in sports because they often are the only organizations with

A) the authority to pay high salaries to athletes.
B) the power and capital needed to sponsor events and build large facilities.
C) officials who do not have conflicts of interest related to sports.
D) the power to control national sports leagues.

4) When government organizations regulate access to sports facilities and make rules about who can play sports under what circumstances, the intent is to

A) improve fitness and health among disadvantaged people.
B) increase the legitimacy of their control over people.
C) safeguard the public order.
D) promote community integration and solidarity.

5) Research shows that if maintaining health and fitness is the goal, a nation should sponsor sports that are

A) noncompetitive and have aerobic benefits.
B) based on a power and performance model.
C) attractive to spectators as well as active participants.
D) competitive and have important rewards for winners.

6) Sports programs created for young people who are described as "at-risk" often claim to focus on development but the primary focus is often on

A) building sport skills.
B) organizing communities.
C) fostering political action.
D) creating a form of social control.

7) When the U.S. Department of Education's Office of Civil Rights clarified the meaning of Americans with Disabilities Act by saying that schools had to provide equal opportunities for students with disabilities to play sports, it was an example of government involvement meant to

A) build the reputations of public schools.
B) ensure fairness and protect human rights.
C) create new jobs for special education teachers.
D) force coaches to be certified through a coaching education program.

8) The belief that participation in competitive sports lowers health care costs is

A) consistently supported by data from college and pro sports in the U.S.
B) promoted by corporate executives who have little concern for workers.
C) challenged by research on actual consequences of sport participation.
D) valid only in countries where overall working conditions are poor.

9) Many governments pay cash rewards to athletes who win Olympic medals because

A) athletes need money to be competitive with people from other countries.
B) wins by athletes brings prestige and other benefits to the whole country.
C) athletes who get paid become more patriotic and supportive of their government.
D) every medal won by a country increases per capita income in that country.

10) Sports bring people together and create "emotional unity," but a sociological understanding of the significance of this unity requires that we ask questions about

A) the characteristics of the athletes who create this unity.
B) how the unity affects the performance of sports teams.
C) the long-term political consequences of the unity.
D) the different types of unity created by men's and women's sports.

11) Research on the impact of a nation's sporting success on national identity and pride has

A) produced support justification for training elite athletes.
B) shown that the success of ethnic minorities undermines national identity and pride.
C) led to debates about the merits of international events like the Olympics.
D) produced mixed results rather than a definitive conclusion.

12) Research suggests that the impact of successful teams on feelings of national pride and identity

A) depends on strategic initiatives that explicitly link success with identity and pride.
B) occurs most strongly among women and immigrants.
C) leads to major economic changes in a country.
D) is the only thing that sustains patriotism in most countries.

13) When governments sponsor sports and political officials associate themselves with sports, their primary purpose is often to

A) increase their power in international politics.
B) increase their legitimacy in the eyes of citizens.
C) show voters that sports are connected with politics.
D) gain political credibility among journalists.

14) Government involvement in sports is usually connected with

A) the sport experiences of political officials.
B) the dynamics of power relations in a society or community.
C) the need for politicians to appear physically fit in the eyes of voters.
D) the unique interests of powerless people in a society or community.

15) Government officials are most likely to use sports as a diplomatic tool when

A) vital national interests are at stake.
B) they are negotiating crucial national and international policies.
C) there is a need for public expressions of unity between different nations.
D) national teams are strong and can dominate teams from other nations.

16) Data on connections between sports and international relations suggests that sports

A) shape important negotiations related to vital national interests in global politics.
B) are most often used as forms of public diplomacy.
C) only influence political relationships when nations have little power.
D) are unrelated to all aspects of international relations.

17) The history of sports, especially the Olympic Games, shows that the main purpose underlying participation in international sports by most nations has been to

A) promote international understanding.
B) control the lives of citizens in repressive ways.
C) promote national political interests.
D) create new political leaders.

18) Nationalistic themes in the media coverage of international sports are now accompanied and sometimes obscured by images and narratives that promote

A) social justice and human rights.
B) political differences between nations.
C) worldwide capitalist expansion.
D) the heartfelt patriotism of athletes and coaches.

19) A problem associated with using sports to bridge diplomatic and cultural gaps between peoples of the world is that sports may

A) force economically powerful nations to develop poor nations.
B) encourage developing nations to depend more on wealthy nations.
C) enable powerless nations to take unfair advantage of powerful nations.
D) lead to global migration patterns that upset the stability of all nations.

20) Sports are likely to foster meaningful cultural exchanges between nations when

A) people share information equally and develop mutual understanding.
B) athletes from developing nations win more medals in international events.
C) sports produce "cultural converts" to the lifestyles of powerful nations.
D) people in traditional cultures abandon folk games and play modern sports.

21) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, it is noted that the current method of selling media broadcasting rights to the Olympic Games

A) subverts Olympic ideals.
B) promotes Olympism.
C) benefits small nations.
D) decreases global media coverage of the Games.

22) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the author explains that the Olympics is now designed primarily to

A) promote international peace and understanding.
B) help people understand and accept differences between cultures.
C) help people in the television audience visualize forms of global community.
D) promote the commercial interests of corporate sponsors.

23) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, Bruce Kidd, a former Olympian and physical educator, suggests that the Olympics be changed so that

A) the personal tragedies and experiences of athletes are highlighted more.
B) athletes are selected to compete based on athletic skills only.
C) the public service of athletes is considered in selecting Olympic teams.
D) the needs of corporate sponsors are presented in more human terms.

24) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, which of the following is NOT a change recommended for reforming the Olympic Games?

A) Add demonstration sports native to the host nation.
B) Use multiple sites for each Olympic Games.
C) Eliminate the opening and closing ceremonies.
D) Integrate the Olympics and Paralympics.

25) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the suggestions for reforming the Olympic Games include

A) selecting a permanent site for the Olympic Games.
B) eliminating all team events during the Olympics.
C) promoting the Olympics as "wars without weapons."
D) replacing the current Olympic motto.

26) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the author endorses the elimination of national medal counts because such counts tend to

A) encourage large nations to boycott the Olympics.
B) provide corporations with marketing advantages.
C) intensify nationalism and privilege wealthy nations.
D) focus too much on the achievements of individual athletes.

27) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the table showing total medal counts from 1896 to 2018 indicates that when the size of nations is taken into account

A) large Asian nations are rated very highly.
B) the United States is not rated in the top 30.
C) Cuba is rated number 1.
D) Scandinavian nations are rated very low.

28) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, it is noted that the major advantage for using multiple sites for each Olympic Games would be to

A) increase the value of stocks for major worldwide airlines.
B) discourage wealthy nations from submitting bids to host the Games.
C) enable corporate sponsors to influence more people around the world.
D) make it possible for poorer nations to host Olympic events.

29) In the box, Olympism and the Olympic Games, the author suggests that the Olympic motto, "Citius, Altius, Fortius," should be replaced by a new motto that emphasizes

A) a spirit of patriotism and nationalism.
B) health, unity, and peace.
C) the problems associated with corporate capitalism.
D) the interests of the best athletes in the world.

30) Changes in global politics over the past three decades have made international sports

A) less important than in the Cold War era of the past.
B) more important as political events than as commercial events.
C) important stages for commercial displays by transnational corporations.
D) less profitable for all sponsors, including corporate sponsors.

31) Sports in recent years have become framed in new terms. Which of the following best describes this change?

A) Commercial interests have become increasingly important.
B) National loyalties and national identities are no longer important.
C) Events are now athletic-political rather than athletic-economic.
D) Politicians arrange most events today for personal purposes.

32) Corporate sponsorships of sports are primarily motivated by corporate interest in

A) promoting a way of life-based on consumption and consumerism.
B) developing a single worldwide standard of living.
C) findings new ways to train workers who will produce their goods.
D) building sports that bring the world together in large competitive events.

33) As corporations sponsor more of the media coverage of international sports, sports events have become vehicles for presenting messages to

A) spectator-citizens.
B) supporters of environmental groups.
C) athletes from socialist nations.
D) spectator-consumers.

34) The images and messages presented by the sponsors of major sports events tend to

A) dictate what people think.
B) influence what people think about.
C) be ignored by nearly all spectators.
D) discourage consumption-based lifestyles.

35) As globalization has occurred, professional sports teams are

A) being moved from one continent to another without considering fans.
B) hiring fewer players who are not citizens of the team's country.
C) losing fans in their home countries.
D) increasingly owned by investors who are not citizens in the team's country.

36) Which of the following statements related to globalization and athlete migration is NOT true?

A) More U.S.-born basketball players play outside the U.S. than in the NBA.
B) 70% of National Hockey League players are born outside the U.S.
C) Athletes from the U.S. seldom play professionally in other countries.
D) half of the U.S. national tennis team at the 2016 Olympics was born in China.

37) When athletes move from one country to another, it raises important issues. Which of the following is NOT one of those issues?

A) A "sport talent drain" in certain countries.
B) A lack of appropriate medical care when athletes are injured.
C) The impact of athlete migration on national identity formation.
D) The rights of athletes as workers.

38) To make sense of complex new political realities around the world we should

A) assume that sports are becoming modernized and Americanized.
B) ignore global processes and focus on studying local processes.
C) study changes on both the global and local levels.
D) focus attention on sport forms that have existed for more than 100 years.

39) Politics are part of sports and sports organizations. Which of the following is NOT an aspect of sports that involves political processes?

A) Deciding where sports events will take place.
B) Making and enforcing rules governing competition.
C) Setting goals and motivating athletes and coaches.
D) Determining who is eligible to participate in certain sports.

40) The International Olympic Committee does not accept a sport for the Olympic Games unless it is officially sponsored and played in a certain number of nations. This "definition" of sport

A) creates an incentive for National Olympic Committees to fund many sports.
B) benefits nations that colonized other nations and brought their sports with them.
C) allows the IOC to choose new sports in terms of their health benefits.
D) gives an advantage to nations that have large numbers of emigrants.

41) There is a long history of athletes who have used their visibility as a platform for social and political activism. Most of these athletes have been

A) highly-ranked players in individual sports.
B) gays and lesbians with support from their teammates and coaches.
C) black men and women calling attention to racial discrimination.
D) players in team sports that have not had players associations.

42) The professional athlete who said, "I cannot stand and sing the anthem. I cannot salute the flag," was

A) Olympic medal winner, John Carlos in 1968.
B) NBA player, Bill Walton, in 1987.
C) NFL player, Colin Kaepernick, in 2016.
D) Hall of Fame baseball player, Jackie Robinson, in 1972.

43) When President Donald Trump said," maybe he should find a country that works better for him," he was referring to

A) San Francisco 49ers quarterback, Colin Kaepernick.
B) Scholar-activist, Harry Edwards.
C) NBA player LeBron James.
D) NBA fan and rapper, Jay-Z.

44) Public displays of political activism among fans in the U.S. is rare. Recent exceptions to this pattern were fans attending

A) NASCAR races in southern states.
B) Major League Soccer matches.
C) the tennis matches of Serena Williams.
D) World Wrestling Entertainment events.

45) Women who play professional sports have often called for equal pay in sports. This message transcended sports and was applied to women workers worldwide when it was expressed by

A) Megan Rapinoe and the U.S. women's national soccer team.
B) Serena Williams and the leaders of women's team tennis.
C) Marta and the national soccer team from Brazil.
D) Becky Hammon and the coaches of the NBA's San Antonio Spurs.

46) The main point of the chapter on sports and politics is that

A) sports and politics cannot be kept separate.
B) sports and politics must be kept separate.
C) global corporations have turned sports into self-serving political tools.
D) politics in sports have decreased in recent years.