Ch.14 Sports High School College Edu Full Test Bank Coakley

Student name:__________

1) When people argue against interscholastic sports, they tend to emphasize that

A) too many students participate in varsity sports.
B) students who play sports do not develop skills related to work careers.
C) sports create dangerous forms of school spirit.
D) varsity sports support a status system that privileges athletes over others.

2) Research shows that when high school athletes as a group are compared with other high school students, they tend to have

A) lower grades but more interest in continuing their education.
B) higher grades and more positive attitudes toward school.
C) lower grades and more positive attitudes toward school.
D) higher grades but less interest in continuing their education.

3) The most logical explanation for academic differences between athletes and "non-athletes" in high school is that

A) school sports attract students with higher grades.
B) participation in school sports builds academic skills.
C) it takes intelligence to play sports.
D) sports help students focus on their studies.

4) Research that tracks students over time shows that in comparison with other students, the students who try out, are selected for, and stay on school teams

A) come from lower socio-economic backgrounds.
B) have better employment records.
C) are more disliked by teachers outside of physical education.
D) have above average self-esteem and cognitive abilities.

5) Much of the difference between athletes and other students in high school is due to

A) selection-in and filtering-out processes.
B) the teaching styles of coaches.
C) the win-loss records of the teams on which athletes play.
D) the superior physical health of the athletes.

6) In general, the research on high school sports participation suggests that

A) high school sports have no impact on students' lives at school.
B) the effects of participation depend greatly on the meanings given to it.
C) playing sports is more educational than other extracurricular activities.
D) athletes are treated negatively by most teachers in high school.

7) Much of the research on the effects of playing interscholastic sports has been confusing because researchers

A) were never athletes themselves and don't understand athlete experiences.
B) athletes often refuse to provide information about their sport participation.
C) have not studied the identities of those who play on school teams.
D) don't understand how sports change the culture of high schools.

8) A study done in the late-1990s found that young women who played school sports had lower rates of sexual activity than other young women, while young men who played sports had higher rates of sexual activity than other young men. This illustrates that

A) physical activity has different effects on the biology of males and females.
B) young women who play sports are not interested in sexual expression.
C) social factors influence the meanings and consequences of playing sports.
D) cultural factors shape the biology of human beings.

9) Research shows that sports participation

A) destroys students' popularity if they also get very good grades.
B) usually must be combined with other things to increase a girl's popularity.
C) is more crucial for the popularity of girls than for the popularity of boys.
D) does not lead to popularity when a student also gets good grades.

10) After reviewing research findings related to student popularity and sport participation, the author hypothesizes that in comparison with young men, young women in high school are

A) less likely to view sports as an identity focal point in their lives.
B) less likely to excel across social, academic, and athletic spheres in school.
C) more likely to connect their sexuality and sexual identity with sport participation.
D) gain more status and popularity from sports participation.

11) When journalist H.G. Bissinger studied the football team in a well-known Texas high school, he found that high school football was organized in ways that

A) challenged traditional ideas about gender and gender roles.
B) reaffirmed traditional racial ideology among many whites.
C) led football players to be selfish and unconcerned about the team's fate.
D) led to a re-establishment of racial segregation in the schools.

12) A study by Doug Foley found that high school sports were a site at which students learned a vocabulary that promoted values emphasizing

A) cooperation between people of different ages.
B) similarities in the characteristics of men and women.
C) individualism and competition.
D) the social irrelevance of ethnicity and social class.

13) The widespread acceptance of the great sport myth has led to a situation in which

A) the effectiveness of coaches as teachers is rated every season by teams.
B) we now can identify the precise ways that sports build character.
C) win-loss records are never used in the annual evaluations of coaches.
D) there is no systematic evidence showing that school sports promote education.

14) The author explains that there has been little research on school sports as learning experiences primarily because

A) so many people accept without question the great sport myth.
B) most researchers in the sociology of sport have never played sports.
C) coaching organizations have banned all studies of high school athletes.
D) school principals conduct private learning evaluations among athletes.

15) When comparing big-time and lower-profile intercollegiate sport programs it is seen that

A) both types of programs are the same when it comes to rewards for athletes.
B) very few athletes in lower-profile programs have athletic scholarships.
C) most athletes in big-time programs have pro sport careers after college.
D) most U.S. colleges and universities have big-time sports programs.

16) Data on college sports indicate that

A) over half of all college athletes play in NCAA Division I sports.
B) junior colleges have over half of all college sports programs.
C) sports teams covered in mainstream media are typical of all college sports.
D) NCAA Division III has more athletes than any other NCAA division.

17) Most sociology of sport research on college sports focuses on

A) Division III schools.
B) Junior colleges.
C) Division II schools.
D) Division I schools.

18) Most countries, including those in Europe, do not have intercollegiate sports as they exist in the United States. College athletes in the U.S. are often referred to as student-athletes, but when an athlete in Europe also attends college, it is said that they

A) are "part-time athletes."
B) don't take sports seriously.
C) have "dual careers."
D) have confused identities.

19) Universities in the United States justify expenditures of billions of dollars on college sports because sports participation is believed to be an educational experience for athletes. This belief is

A) based on extensive research that evaluates athletes' learning experiences.
B) accepted without independent research confirming that it is true.
C) supported by systematic observations made by university professors.
D) widely rejected by college coaches and university presidents.

20) Athletes in Division I revenue producing sports face challenges in managing conflicts related to their dual careers as an athlete and a student. Many of these young people give higher priority to athletic expectations than to academic expectations because

A) academic expectations are easier to negotiate than athletic expectations.
B) parents know that scholarships depend more on athletics than academics.
C) university teachers are told to lower expectations for athletes in their courses.
D) athletes know that athletic department tutors will help them with coursework.

21) Senator Chris Murphy from Connecticut initiated an investigation into college athletics because he was concerned that many universities and athletic departments

A) force athletes to participate in useless academic support programs.
B) take athletic scholarships away from athletes who qualify for financial aid.
C) are so concerned with sustaining athletic revenues that they ignore athletes.
D) fail to provide a full education to their student-athletes.

22) When sociologists Patricia and Peter Adler studied the lives of young men on a Division I basketball team, they found that

A) role conflict and dual career conflict occurred only during summer semesters.
B) coaches hired sports psychologists to help athletes manage dual career conflicts.
C) the young men usually chose to lower the importance of their athlete identities.
D) academic and social expectations were less important than athletic expectations.

23) To avoid bad publicity and to maintain the academic reputations of universities, the NCAA has

A) lowered eligibility requirements for athletes in sports that generate revenues.
B) supported coaches who allow athletes to skip practices to study for tests.
C) increased eligibility requirements to raise athletes' grades and graduation rates.
D) paid professors to spend extra time tutoring athletes in their courses.

24) Male athletes on intercollegiate teams are most likely to put their athletic and social lives ahead of academics when they

A) are majoring in engineering or business.
B) play on big-time, entertainment-oriented teams.
C) come from wealthy families.
D) are not on athletic scholarships.

25) Among male athletes in big-time college sports programs, there is a tendency for athletic identities to be given a higher priority than academic identities because of

A) the pressures that are put on them by parents and faculty.
B) their inability to successfully do college-level academic work.
C) the social support they receive for athletic participation.
D) the personality factors that are common to most athletes.

26) Making a positive connection between playing college sports and achieving social and academic goals is most likely when athletes

A) gradually develop anti-intellectual norms among themselves.
B) are focused on developing future careers as professional athletes.
C) form athlete organizations that subvert the authority of their coaches.
D) receive social support for academic achievement and academic identities.

27) The educational mission of higher education is most likely to be achieved among athletes on a

A) Division II men's basketball team.
B) Division III woman's lacrosse team.
C) Division I women's basketball team.
D) Division I-A men's football team.

28) When analyzing the grades of college athletes in comparison to the grades of other college students, the author says that two things must be taken into account. One is clustering and the other is

A) differences in high school grades and scores on the ACT or SAT tests.
B) the age of athletes, which tends to be much older than other students.
C) the effects of concussions sustained by many football and soccer players.
D) the low expectations that college professors have for athletes in any sport.

29) Research indicates that "clustering" occurs when college athletes in certain sports

A) sit together in their classes.
B) are over-represented in specific courses and majors.
C) get the same grades even when take different courses.
D) join the same fraternities and go to the same parties.

30) NCAA data show that graduation rates for athletes are generally lowest among

A) black male athletes in revenue-producing sports.
B) white male athletes in minor sports.
C) all athletes in minor sports.
D) black female athletes in swimming and tennis.

31) Data on graduation rates among athletes at Division I universities indicates that

A) athletes graduate at a lower rate than other students.
B) female athletes have higher graduation rates than male athletes.
C) black male athletes have lower grad rates than other black male students.
D) rates are highest in revenue-producing sports.

32) Richard Southall and his colleagues at the College Sport Research Center have developed an adjusted graduation gap measure that compares athletes with other full-time students. Their findings indicate that athletes

A) seldom graduate in four years.
B) graduate at the same rate as other full-time students but have different majors.
C) consistently graduate at lower rates than other full-time students.
D) are not as interested in graduating as are other full-time students.

33) Reforming big-time college sports to make them more academically relevant is difficult because

A) coaches are not considered to be educators.
B) university presidents have no power to change athletic departments.
C) most college athletes are not interested in education.
D) the athletic program is tied to many interests unrelated to education.

34) Recently passed rules for defining academic progress and graduation rates for NCAA Division I teams shift more responsibility for academic reform to

A) the athletes who have scholarships.
B) the parents of incoming athletes.
C) faculty mentors and advisors.
D) athletic departments and universities.

35) Data on the academic support services provided for college athletes suggests that

A) academic problems occur only when faculty manage the programs.
B) small, private universities have the most well-funded programs.
C) the most effective programs are administered by athletic departments.
D) the services don't always boost graduation rates for athletes.

36) When athletes spend much of their time inside the increasingly opulent and expensive "athlete centers" on some college campuses, it is likely that they will

A) expect academic tutors to complete papers and assignments for them.
B) manage dual career conflict more successfully than other athletes.
C) be defined by coaches as serious students.
D) experience the process of role engulfment more intensely than other athletes.

37) Research suggests that future reforms in college sports must address problems related to the

A) health of athletes and their academic achievement.
B) growing separation between university culture and college sport culture.
C) actions of faculty members insistent on undermining athletic departments.
D) learning disabilities that prevent many athletes from succeeding in college.

38) The professors who established The Drake Group argue that there will be no meaningful reforms in intercollegiate sports unless the

A) they are monitored by an independent agency committed to education.
B) university presidents receive salary bonuses for making reforms.
C) faculty give failing grades to athletes who regularly miss classes and tests.
D) athletes can delay coursework until after their eligibility has expired.

39) Coaches who schedule practices and games to enable athletes to successfully manage dual career conflict are mostly those who

A) also have full-time teaching jobs in physical science departments.
B) coach in colleges where sports are not used to generate revenues or publicity.
C) previously played in NCAA Division I programs where this did not occur.
D) work in colleges where this is an official policy set by administrators.

40) The student spirit created by high school sports

A) has negative consequences for the academic performance of students.
B) is produced and maintained by an investment of considerable resources.
C) are like nothing else for producing student satisfaction with their school.
D) leads to forms of community service among groups of students.

41) Research suggests that the spirit generated by high profile college sports events is associated with

A) an increase in the hours devoted to studying and general academic work.
B) more time spent away from campus.
C) events that undermine the time spent on academic work.
D) forms of networking that enable students to obtain part-time jobs.

42) Because budgeted operational expenses are not enough to maintain most high school sports programs. Money is raised in three additional ways. Which of the following is NOT one of those ways?

A) Forming supportive booster clubs.
B) Seeking corporate sponsorships.
C) Establishing sport participation fees.
D) Paying athletes to clean and maintain sport facilities.

43) The growth of booster club support for high school teams has led to an increase in

A) media coverage of all sports.
B) faculty support for those teams.
C) Title IX lawsuits.
D) sport participation opportunities at schools in low-income areas.

44) The use of corporate sponsorships to support high school sports is risky because

A) sports could lose funding during economic recessions.
B) boosters may not agree with corporate policies.
C) corporations now favor women's sports over men's sports.
D) corporate executives want to hire and fire coaches.

45) As more high school athletes come to school programs from private club programs where they received much individual attention, they

A) usually become assistant coaches on high school teams.
B) often expect more than what the high school coaches and staff can give them.
C) use their resources to support teammates.
D) bring with them equipment and technology that can be used by the high school.

46) As high school programs face budget crises and depend more on the families of athletes and sponsors to support varsity teams we see

A) greater inequality in the athletic programs at different schools.
B) teams in low-income areas become more successful.
C) private schools dropping their sports programs.
D) public schools winning more state championships.

47) Relying on participation fees to support high school sports

A) helps coaches deal more effectively with parents.
B) is offensive to local businesses that have sponsored teams in the past.
C) discourages participation among students from low-income families.
D) encourages booster clubs to intervene in team dynamics.

48) Financial information on big-time intercollegiate sport programs shows that they

A) generate large enough profits to support academic programs.
B) inspire wealthy alumni to donate money to academic programs.
C) show a profit only when student fees and university subsidies count as revenues.
D) lose money when they are located in the same region as professional teams.

49) Recent data indicates that of the 1,700 intercollegiate sport programs in the United States,

A) those without football teams generate the highest profits.
B) over half of them use their revenues to reduce student fees.
C) the highest profits are reported by universities that are not impacted by Title IX.
D) fewer than 30 regularly report having more revenues than expenses.

50) The revenues and expenditures for public universities in each of the three Division I subdivisions show that

A) universities in the Football Bowl Subdivision report the largest net deficits.
B) net deficits are highest at the universities with no football teams.
C) schools without football teams generate the highest total expenses.
D) universities in the Football Bowl Subdivision do not depend on student fees.

51) Budget information for college athletic programs show that the programs could not exist without receiving a significant amount of money from

A) faculty members.
B) local businesses.
C) student fees.
D) parking revenues.

52) One of the main challenges faced by esports teams in high schools and colleges is to

A) find students who want to be on esport teams.
B) pay travel expenses for team members and heavy computer equipment.
C) recruit coaches who know how to recruit and train esport athletes.
D) make esports accessible and attractive to female students.

53) In the case of college esports, the author notes that it may be wise for supporters to

A) avoid the NCAA and its governance structure and policies.
B) convince the NCAA to change its definition of amateurism.
C) partner with high schools as a recruiting strategy.
D) drop the "esports" name so people will define gamers as athletes.

54) The budget inequality in U.S. high schools means that the top high school sports programs in the nation are in private schools or schools located in wealthy residential areas. According to the author, this

A) will lead many universities to cut scholarships in certain sports.
B) will force mergers of public and private schools to preserve sport conferences.
C) creates a system in which program inequality reproduces itself year after year.
D) will cause a decline in the program inequality at the university level.

55) Program inequality has long been a part of intercollegiate sports. One manifestation of this is that the total athletic program expenses for the top five spending universities in Division I are greater than the total expenses

A) of all NCAA Division III colleges and universities.
B) for the academic programs at the same five universities.
C) of the medical and law schools at the same five universities.
D) for the 77 lowest spending universities in the same Division.

56) High school athletes today have been raised in a culture emphasizing self-improvement, growth, and achievement. This leads them to

A) be demanding of coaches and seek individual support from athletic departments.
B) quit playing a sport if they do not get their way.
C) drop out of expensive club programs and seek free public high school programs.
D) seek out schools known more for academic success than success in sports.

57) The liability issues related to concussions and other serious injuries are different in high schools than they are in colleges. This is because

A) high school students are less likely to hire lawyers.
B) concussions in high school sports are less harmful than in college sports.
C) high school rules generally prevent serious injuries to athletes.
D) few high school athletes have reached the age of informed legal consent.

58) The concussion lawsuit that was filed in 2011 against the NCAA by former college athletes was settled in 2014. The case was settled in 2014 when the NCAA agreed to

A) admit that they failed to inform athletes about the dangers of head injuries.
B) establish a $70 million fund to provide neurological exams for former players.
C) provide treatment for players who suffer concussions after 2014.
D) have professors from medical schools to teach athletes about head injuries.

59) In response to the issue of brain injuries caused by repetitive head hits in certain college sports, the presidents of colleges and universities have

A) made concussions a central topic in press conferences and media interviews.
B) demanded that professors do more research on how to avoid head injuries.
C) avoided any statements that could be used against universities in a court case.
D) created rehabilitation programs for athletes with brain damage sustained in sports.

60) Which of the following statements about higher education in the United States is NOT true?

A) The highest paid person on campus is often a football or men's basketball coach.
B) The most revered students on the campus are football or male basketball players.
C) Faculty members who tutor athletes receive tenure and financial bonuses.
D) Many schools spend more money to support an athlete than to educate a student.

61) According to the analysis in the chapter, gender-related participation inequities in high school and college are due primarily to the

A) size of football teams and the costs of supporting football teams.
B) way cheerleading is funded by high school and college athletic departments.
C) increasing demands made by women who play lacrosse, soccer, and field hockey.
D) endorsement deals made between schools and shoe and apparel companies.

62) Participation rates in varsity high school sports since 1971 show that girls' participation

A) now surpasses boys' participation.
B) has increased but remains lower than boys' participation.
C) is declining at the same rate as the decline in boys' participation.
D) hit a peak in the 1980s and has declined over the past 30 years.

63) Data on Division I colleges and universities show that in 2016 women's sports received

A) funding equal to the proportion of women in the student body as a whole.
B) half of all operating expenses in athletic departments.
C) more than half of all money for coaches' salaries.
D) about one-third of all money spent on athletic recruiting expenses.

64) After nearly 50 years, Title IX remains a controversial law as it applies to school-sponsored sports in the United States. A key reason for this is that

A) girls and women have not fully contributed to school sports programs.
B) it is unrealistic to expect that females should receive the same support as males.
C) it exposes contradictions in big-time sports programs organized around football.
D) female athletes tend to push feminist values in athletic departments.

65) The U.S. Department of Education has issued guidelines for the provision of school-sponsored sports for students with a disability. In response to those guidelines,

A) disability sports have become well-established in secondary and higher education.
B) disability sports remain invisible and mostly absent in high schools and colleges.
C) high schools now sponsor state championships in disability sports.
D) college students with a disability receive scholarships if they are Paralympians.

66) An overemphasis on "sports development" in high school often leads athletes to

A) try to develop competence in too many different sports.
B) become too loyal to the school and its academic mission.
C) specialize in one sport in a way that restricts overall development.
D) become turned off to seeking excellence through sacrifice and hard work.

67) Following the sexual abuse scandal at Penn State University, the university president, athletic director, and director of campus security were all fired for

A) trying to blame the football coach for the scandal.
B) protecting the football program rather than following the law.
C) bribing the abuse victims to have them withdraw their complaints.
D) ignoring court-issued subpoenas to provide email documents to investigators.

68) Mary Willingham, a learning specialist at the University of North Carolina, did her investigation of the 18-year long academic fraud at UNC, she found that

A) dozens of tenured faculty members awarded fake grades to keep athletes eligible.
B) the NCAA punished UNC too harshly for not stopping the fraud from occurring.
C) UNC coaches reported the fraud, but administrators did not take them seriously.
D) some athletes had decent grades but also needed help in learning to read.

69) A highly publicized college admissions scandal in 2019 involved parents who paid a former college coach to help their children be admitted to prestigious universities by

A) paying coaches to include the children as "special athlete admits" needed for teams.
B) including them on a private recruiting list for the football team at each university.
C) paying athletic directors to claim that the applicants were certified sports trainers.
D) changing applicants' high school grades so they qualified for athletic scholarships.

70) When the FBI uncovered a major bribery scandal involving coaches, sponsors, agents, and athletes' families in 2017, one of the defendants in the case admitted to FBI investigators that

A) heavily recruited athletes demanded payoffs before signing letters of intent.
B) the players were the only participants in college basketball who can’t be paid.
C) large athletic shoe companies were in control of college basketball.
D) head basketball coaches were unaware of any briberies in their programs.

71) When the Fair Pay to Play Act (Senate Bill 206) was passed unanimously by the California State Senate and signed by Governor Gavin Newsom, the first thing that the officials at the NCAA headquarters did was to

A) join with coaches and athletic directors in California to loudly oppose the bill.
B) change the official NCAA definition of amateurism to undermine the bill.
C) allow college athletes to be compensated for the use of their names and images.
D) work with college presidents to determine how college athletes could be paid.

72) According to the author, the main takeaway from the recent scandals and cases of corruption in college sports is that

A) college sports have no place in higher education.
B) boosters for college sports are the source of most cases of corruption.
C) the NCAA should not be in charge of policing itself and its member schools.
D) college sports should be controlled by university faculty and deans.

73) Data on race and intercollegiate sports in Division I schools show that

A) black athletes receive over 20% of the scholarships in every college sport.
B) 5-percent of all college-age African Americans have athletic scholarships.
C) university priorities related to race and education are distorted.
D) black faculty outnumber black athletes on most college campuses.

74) NCAA Division I data from 2018 show that about African Americans make up 10 percent of the students in Division I universities at the same time that they comprise

A) about 50% of the athletes in men's top revenue producing sports.
B) about 50% of all athletes at those universities.
C) less than 20% of the athletes on women's basketball teams.
D) over 80% of the athletes on top-20 ranked football teams.

75) NCAA data on black female athletes in college sports indicate that

A) Title IX benefits them more than it does white women.
B) they do not experience social isolation as black men do.
C) about 70% of black female athletes are on basketball or track teams.
D) most black women are currently on rowing, golf, and lacrosse teams.

76) A problem faced by African American athletes on college campuses is a feeling of isolation. Which of the following does NOT contribute to feelings of isolation?

A) White students who lack experience in racially diverse groups.
B) Too many campus activities focused on the interests of Latinos and Asians.
C) Racial and athletic stereotypes used by some people on campus.
D) Campus activities that don't represent the experiences of black students.

77) When Akilah Carter-Francique created the Sista-to-Sista™ program on the campus of Texas A&M University, she intended to provide black female athletes with

A) connections with black female professionals in the local community.
B) female mentors from the teaching faculty.
C) opportunities to study with other black female athletes.
D) a safe cultural space on campus.