Chapter 12: Socioemotional Development in Adolescence

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Adolescents’ self-descriptions are often ______.

a. concrete and egocentric

b. overly negative or overly positive

c. broad and focused on personal characteristics

d. abstract and contradictory

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Concept

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Traits that adolescents value characterize which concept of self?

a. egocentric

b. actual

c. ideal

d. abstract

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Self-Concept

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Adolescents’ personal characteristics are called which concept of self?

a. egocentric

b. actual

c. ideal

d. abstract

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Self-Concept

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Adolescents with a mismatch between ideal and actual selves tend to experience ______.

a. overly high self-esteem

b. depression, low self-esteem, and poor grades

c. high achievement but have difficulty making friends

d. motivation to reconcile inconsistencies in their self-concept

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Concept

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which term refers to an overall evaluation of self-worth?

a. ideal self

b. self development

c. global self-esteem

d. self-concept

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Self-Esteem

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Global self-esteem reaches its lowest point at about which age?

a. 11

b. 13

c. 16

d. 18

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Self-Esteem

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which factor is often associated with declines in self-esteem?

a. romantic dating

b. authoritative parenting

c. school transitions

d. crowd membership

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Esteem

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Which statement reflects a typical adolescent’s self-esteem?

a. “I am really bad at school, and I’m not into team sports.”

b. “I am pretty good at math and English, but I have trouble understanding science.”

c. “I can’t think of anything that I’m really good at.”

d. “I’m good at everything—school, sports, and being popular.”

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Self-Esteem

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. Which type of parenting helps adolescents develop a healthy self-concept?

a. authoritarian

b. authoritative

c. permissive

d. uninvolved

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Esteem

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which term means a coherent sense of self?

a. achievement status

b. psychosocial moratorium

c. collectivism

d. identity

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Prematurely choosing a coherent and consistent sense of self is called identity ______.

a. moratorium

b. foreclosure

c. diffusion

d. achievement

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Individuals who are inflexible and view the world in black and white terms are in identity ______.

a. moratorium

b. achievement

c. foreclosure

d. diffusion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Adelaide is becoming friends with Marley who is a couple of years older than she is. Marley smokes, and has been pressuring Adelaide to try it. She puffs on a cigarette but isn’t sure she likes it. Marley has shoplifted a few times, just some small items, but it makes Adelaide uneasy, although she doesn’t say anything. Last night, Marley had a six pack of beer and was vague about where she had gotten it. She wants Adelaide, who has never had beer before, to drink it with her. Adelaide is worried her parents might find out but decides to have some anyway. Which identity status is Adelaide in?

a. achievement

b. moratorium

c. achievement

d. diffusion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

14. Seventeen-year-old Janell has not yet committed to an identity but she is exploring her alternatives. Janell is excited about her future, is open to experience, and is an active problem solver. Janell demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

a. moratorium

b. achievement

c. foreclosure

d. diffusion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. Nineteen-year-old Angelo spent most of his adolescence exploring his values, possible career options, and political beliefs. Angelo has high self-esteem, strong moral values, and favorable views toward college and work. Angelo demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

a. moratorium

b. achievement

c. foreclosure

d. diffusion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

16. When asked about her plans for the future, 18-year-old Segora replies, “I am going to school to become a teacher. Both of my parents are teachers, my grandfather was a college professor, and two of my cousins are special education teachers. It’s just sort of expected in my family.” Segora demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

a. moratorium

b. achievement

c. foreclosure

d. diffusion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. When asked about his plans for the future, 18-year-old Kevin replied, “Eh, haven’t really thought about it. I don’t like school, there are no jobs out there, and I’m only 18. I’ll figure things out when the time comes. Right now, I like hanging out with my friends.” Kevin demonstrates characteristics of identity ______.

a. moratorium

b. achievement

c. foreclosure

d. diffusion

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. Which identity statuses become less common in late adolescence?

a. diffusion and foreclosure

b. moratorium and achievement

c. achievement and foreclosure

d. diffusion and achievement

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identity Status

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which identity status is most likely associated with being raised in an authoritarian home?

a. moratorium

b. foreclosure

c. diffusion

d. achievement

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Influences on Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

20. Which identity statuses are most associated with being raised in an authoritative home?

a. moratorium and achievement

b. foreclosure and diffusion

c. diffusion and moratorium

d. foreclosure and achievement

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Influences on Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Conflict with peers tends to have which influence on identity development?

a. harmful

b. facilitative

c. increased growth

d. little effect

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehensive

Answer Location: Influences on Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Identity achievement is associated with ______.

a. confusion about choices

b. positive views of work

c. rigid views about life

d. lack of commitment

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehensive

Answer Location: Outcomes Associated with Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. The identity status indicating maladjustment in late adolescence is ______.

a. moratorium

b. foreclosure

c. diffusion

d. achievement

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehensive

Answer Location: Outcomes Associated with Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. A sense of membership to an ethnic group including the attitudes, values, and culture associated with that group is called ethnic ______.

a. superiority

b. diversity

c. class

d. identity

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Ethnic Identity

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. Many ethnic minority adolescents report ______.

a. avoiding the task of exploring and committing to an identity

b. experiencing negative feedback, discrimination, and inequality from the majority group

c. holding negative stereotypes of the majority group, which undermines healthy exploration

d. exploring and committing to values, beliefs, and future plans in early adolescence

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethnic Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. Adolescents who have achieved a strong sense of ethnic identity tend to have ______.

a. low self-esteem

b. an unwillingness to explore their heritage

c. a need to be integrated into the majority group

d. effective coping strategies

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethnic Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. What was the outcome of a longitudinal study on cultural views of gender in Mexican Americans?

a. Gender differences in Mexican American males and females is decreasing.

b. Gender differences in Mexican American males and females may be increasing.

c. Female adolescents born in Mexico showed increases in traditional attitudes.

d. Male adolescents born in Mexico showed decreases in traditional attitudes.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Views of Gender Difficulty Level: Hard

28. A major milestone of adolescence is the desire of children to make their own decisions which is called ______.

a. self-sufficiency

b. authority

c. separation

d. autonomy

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescents and Their Families

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. Which statement describes parent–adolescent conflict?

a. It peaks in late adolescence.

b. Most parents and adolescents still remain close.

c. It is higher among boys and their fathers.

d. The focus is on moral issues such as sex and substance use.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. Conflict tends to decline in late adolescence because adolescents ______.

a. devalue their parents to such a degree that they ignore them

b. run out of topics with their parents to argue about

c. value their parents’ opinions to a greater degree

d. establish autonomy from parents

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Hard

31. Mrs. Nylund is the mother of 15-year-old Ava. If they are like a typical family, Mrs. Nylund and Ava will experience conflict over ______.

a. extracurricular activities

b. moral issues

c. family values

d. household responsibilities

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. Patterns of harsh verbal discipline and insensitive parenting in early childhood do what in middle childhood and adolescence?

a. persist and worsen

b. even out and stabilize

c. gradually taper off

d. become more productive

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. Mario and his parents experience frequent, intense conflict with one another. A description of Mario is that he is ______.

a. a typical adolescent

b. likely the cause of the conflict

c. at risk for delinquency

d. an early-maturing adolescent

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Hard

34. Developmentally supportive conflict is coupled with ______.

a. punishment

b. respect

c. permissiveness

d. uninvolvement

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Medium

35. Across ethnic and socioeconomic groups and in countries around the world which factor fosters autonomy, self-reliance, self-esteem, a positive view of the value of work, and academic competence in adolescents?

a. dating relationships

b. authoritarian parenting

c. authoritative parenting

d. sibling rivalry

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

36. Generally, what happens in parenting during emerging adulthood of children?

a. Emotional support increases and psychological control decreases.

b. Emotional support decreases and psychological control increases.

c. Psychological conflict increases and permissiveness decreases.

d. Physical punishment decreases and psychological manipulation increases.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

37. Psychological control inhibits the development of ______.

a. discipline

b. autonomy

c. empathy

d. achievement

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. Which factor is linked with low self-esteem, depression, low academic competence, and antisocial behavior in adolescence?

a. individualism

b. collectivism

c. authoritative parenting

d. psychological control

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parenting

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Which term means parents are aware of their adolescents’ whereabouts and companions?

a. authoritarian parenting

b. parental monitoring

c. helicopter parenting

d. parental control

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Which factor is associated with academic achievement and deters delinquent activity?

a. authoritarian parenting

b. parental monitoring

c. helicopter parenting

d. parental control

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Easy

41. Parental monitoring is likely to result in adolescents who have ______.

a. low academic achievement

b. high school involvement

c. increased levels of depression

d. reduced sexual activity

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Medium

42. Mr. and Mrs. Adams are the parents of 16-year-old Finn. Which approach to parental monitoring will be most effective with Finn?

a. reduce conflict by avoiding asking about his friends or his whereabouts

b. establish a rule that he must be home by 8:00 p.m. on weeknights

c. read all of his text messages and limit his online activities to 3 hours a week

d. respect his autonomy and privacy as much as possible

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Hard

43. The most easily recognizable influence on adolescents is the ______.

a. peer group

b. immediate family

c. media online

d. school environment

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescents and Their Peers

Difficulty Level: Easy

44. Adolescent friendships are characterized by intimacy, self-disclosure, and ______.

a. trust.

b. jealousy.

c. sexual activity.

d. relational aggression.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Jack and Christopher, both 16-years-old, are best friends. How are the boys likely to spend their time together?

a. sharing thoughts and feelings

b. talking about girls and other kids at school

c. playing competitive games

d. avoiding large group activities

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Hard

46. Teenage girls’ friendships tend to be ______.

a. characterized by competition

b. relatively short-lived

c. be closer than those of boys

d. involving low levels of intimacy

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Medium

47. According to research on characteristics of adolescent friendships, which teenagers are most likely to be friends?

a. Maggie, who comes from an affluent family, and Claire, who comes from a low-SES family

b. Theo, who is African American, and Tanner, who is Caucasian

c. Nate and Parker, who are both high-achieving students in the tenth grade

d. Angela and Colby, who live in different cities and met at a mutual friend’s graduation party

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Hard

48. A characteristic adolescent members of cross-ethnic friendships have is they ______.

a. tend to report low levels of intimacy

b. report high levels of relational aggression

c. show decreases in depression and delinquent behavior

d. show decreases in racial prejudice over time

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. A tightly knit peer group that consists of a few six close friends is called a ______.

a. clique

b. crowd

c. gang

d. fellowship

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

50. Which groups of individuals is more likely to form a clique?

a. three girls who live in the same gated community and have similar interests

b. a boy and a girl who are from the same ethnicity and belong to the same club in school

c. a boy and a girl who are graduating in a month and going to college the following fall

d. two boys and a girl who live next door to each other and ride together to school

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Hard

51. By which stage do cliques become mixed and form the basis for dating?

a. middle childhood

b. early adolescence

c. mid-adolescence

d. end of high school

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. Which describes crowds in adolescence?

a. smaller than the average size clique

b. members are sorted into various categories by their peers

c. unrelated to friendships that have formed

d. more common in Eastern than Western countries

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. Populars, jocks, nonconformists, and deviants are examples of ______.

a. gender norms

b. cliques

c. crowds

d. identity foreclosures

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

54. In one study, how many students placed themselves in a crowd different than that assigned by peers?

a. one fourth

b. two fifths

c. one half

d. three fourths

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Medium

55. What percentage of adolescents classified in the low-status crowds agreed with their peers on their crowd status?

a. 10%

b. 20%

c. 30%

d. 40%

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

56. Valencia is an American teenager. Like most teenagers, Valencia will feel the greatest pressure from peers to conform to ______.

a. personal choices, such as choice of clothing and music

b. risky sexual behavior

c. delinquent activities, such as shoplifting and drug use

d. her parents’ goals and expectations

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Peer Conformity

Difficulty Level: Hard

57. Which statement describes the influence of peers?

a. Peer behavior has little effect on adolescent behavior.

b. Adolescents are less vulnerable to peer pressure during transitions.

c. Parents tend to view peer pressure as positive.

d. Satisfying and quality friendships lead to peer conformity.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Peer Conformity

Difficulty Level: Hard

58. Adolescents’ reports of risky behaviors such as unsafe sex are associated with the sexual behavior of their ______.

a. parents

b. siblings

c. idols

d. peers

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Conformity

Difficulty Level: Medium

59. Eighty percent of young people have some dating experience by which age?

a. 12

b. 14

c. 16

d. 18

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

60. At first, dating usually involves ______.

a. intermingled mixed-sex peer groups

b. group dating

c. one-on-one dating

d. random “hook-ups”

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. Early dating, relative to peers, is associated with ______.

a. higher rates of responsible behavior.

b. high academic achievement.

c. alcohol and substance use.

d. both perceived and actual popularity.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

62. Overall, romantic relationships in adolescence compared to romantic experiences in adulthood are described as ______.

a. unrelated to

b. continuous with

c. inversely related to

d. poor predictors of

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. The actual threatened physical or sexual harm or psychological abuse directed toward a current or former boyfriend, girlfriend, or dating partner is called ______.

a. dating violence

b. cyber bullying

c. relational aggression

d. domestic conflict

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

64. How many adolescents report that they would get involved if they became aware of a peer’s involvement in dating violence?

a. 5%

b. one third

c. 25%

d. one half

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lives in Context: Adolescent Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

65. Adolescent girls who are more likely to recognize unhealthy relationships, less likely to be victimized by dating violence, and are more likely to seek help are those who are ______.

a. viewed as popular by their peers

b. only allowed to date in groups

c. close with their parents

d. involved in sports

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lives in Context: Adolescent Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Medium

66. Which statement describes oral sex and vaginal intercourse among adolescents?

a. Females are more likely than males to report receiving oral sex.

b. Adolescents are about as likely to engage in oral sex as vaginal intercourse.

c. Adolescents are far more likely to engage in vaginal intercourse than oral sex.

d. By age 16, about the majority of teenage boys have received oral sex.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium

67. How many high school students report being sexually active?

a. one eighth

b. one fourth

c. one third

d. one half

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Easy

68. According to ethnic trends in adolescent sexual activity, which teenager is likely to have sex at the earliest age?

a. Maria, who is Latina

b. Chad, who is European American

c. Wen, who is Korean

d. Chantel, who is African American

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Hard

69. Problem behavior, including alcohol and substance use, poor academic achievement, and delinquency, as well as having a larger number of sex partners to peers is associated with sexual activity before turning age ______.

a. 15

b. 16

c. 17

d. 18

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Easy

70. Sixteen-year-old Dahlia has engaged in sexting since she started high school. She has sent several nude photos of herself to boys with whom she was interested, and often sends sexually explicit messages to friends. Compared to her peers, Dahlia is______.

a. likely to be viewed as very outgoing and popular

b. more likely to have high self-esteem

c. more likely to use substances and report low self-esteem

d. less likely to be sexually active

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Hard

71. Which part of the brain contains reward circuitry?

a. prefrontal cortex

b. nucleus accumbens

c. cerebellum

d. hypothalamus

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Peer Interaction and the Brain

Difficulty Level: Easy

72. The level of nucleus accumbens response to positive social feedback has been linked to intensity of social media use, suggesting that social media interactions may be ______.

a. useless

b. frustrating

c. neurologically dangerous

d. neurologically rewarding

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Peer Interaction and the Brain

Difficulty Level: Medium

73. In one study, adolescents who perceived their parents made more warnings emphasizing the negative consequences of sex tended to ______.

a. stop having sex altogether

b. engage in only oral sex

c. delay having sex until adulthood

d. accumulate more sex partners

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium

74. Bridget and Kyla are sisters. Bridget is bisexual and Kyla is heterosexual. This example illustrates the concept of ______.

a. sexual orientation

b. identity exploration

c. sexual diversity

d. gender orientation

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Hard

75. Acceptance and disclosure is the final stage of the development of ______.

a. sexual orientation

b. sexual identity

c. gender identity

d. gender awareness

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Easy

76. More so than their heterosexual peers, LGBT adolescents experience ______.

a. acceptance and support from their friends

b. intimacy in their romantic relationships

c. conflict in their romantic relationships

d. harassment and victimization by peers

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Medium

77. Gabby, age 17, recently told her parents that she is a lesbian. Her parents most likely responded with ______.

a. condemnation

b. expulsion

c. positive feelings

d. negative feelings

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Hard

78. Perceived gay–straight alliance support predicts ______.

a. greater well-being in racial and ethnic minority students, regardless of sexual orientation

b. greater well-being in LGBT adolescents but lower well-being in heterosexual adolescents

c. higher rates of students who identity as LGBT

d. better outcomes in smaller schools than in larger schools

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Hard

79. Adolescents report using which type of contraception during their first and most recent sexual intercourses?

a. birth control pills

b. spermicide

c. intrauterine device

d. condoms

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Contraceptive Use

Difficulty Level: Easy

80. Research on contraceptive use in adolescents indicates that ______.

a. nearly 90% use some form of birth control

b. friends often discourage the use of birth control

c. many use birth control only sporadically

d. boys are more likely than girls to suggest birth control

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contraceptive Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

81. Girls and boys with more reproductive knowledge report ______.

a. higher rates of sexual activity

b. less use of online resources for information about sex

c. greater and consistent use of contraceptives

d. less pressure to engage in sexual activity with contraception

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contraceptive Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

82. About how many U.S. adolescent girls report they have discussed sexually transmitted infections with their health care providers?

a. one fourth

b. one third

c. two fifths

d. two thirds

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Difficulty Level: Easy

83. Which sexually transmitted infection is most commonly diagnosed?

a. syphilis

b. HPV

c. herpes

d. HIV

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Difficulty Level: Easy

84. HIV is most often spread through ______.

a. heterosexual contact

b. homosexual contact

c. sharing of needles

d. oral sex

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Difficulty Level: Easy

85. Which statement describes adolescent education about sexually transmitted infections?

a. Few receive information about them.

b. Most are knowledgeable about how to protect themselves.

c. Many overestimate their own risks for contracting HIV/AIDS.

d. Few know about diseases other than HIV/AIDS.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Difficulty Level: Hard

86. Since 1990, rates of adolescent pregnancy have ______.

a. remained stable

b. increased sharply

c. decreased

d. gradually increased

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

87. Which factor has contributed to the decline in adolescent pregnancy rates in the United States?

a. increased abortion rates

b. later initiation of sexual activity and increased contraceptive use

c. mandatory sex education programs in both public and private schools

d. increase in abstinence programs in public schools

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

88. Which country has the highest teen birth rates?

a. Austria

b. Canada

c. Germany

d. the United States

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

89. A high risk of adolescent pregnancy is associated with which family members who are adolescent parents?

a. aunts and uncles

b. brothers and grandparents

c. parents and siblings

d. cousins and sisters

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

90. DeAnn, age 16, just gave birth to her first child. The outlook for DeAnn is that she will most likely ______.

a. marry her baby’s father

b. fail to finish high school

c. finish high school and some college

d. become financially independent

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Hard

91. Adolescent parenthood is associated with which outcome?

a. long-term economic disadvantage

b. earlier age at first marriage

c. lower rates of pregnancy and birth complications

d. favorable attitudes toward child rearing

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

92. Which child outcome is associated with adolescent pregnancy?

a. autism

b. reduced risk of substance abuse

c. poor school achievement

d. warmer relationships with siblings and peers

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

93. Positive adjustment in the children of adolescent mothers is predicted by ______.

a. availability of child care

b. number of children in the home

c. male relative in the home

d. secure attachment

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Medium

94. Wanda is the mother of 16-year-old Shawna, who recently gave birth to her first child. Both Shawna and the baby live with Wanda. How can Wanda best help support her daughter and baby grandson?

a. Take over caregiving responsibilities so Shawna can focus on schoolwork.

b. Share caregiving responsibilities, while also supporting Shawna’s need for autonomy.

c. Use firm, strict discipline with Shawna and insist that she take full responsibility for the baby’s care.

d. Require Shawna to work part-time, pay for half of the bills, and take the baby along on any social outings.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Hard

95. The most common developmental problem of adolescence is ______.

a. depression

b. substance abuse

c. anxiety

d. identity confusion

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Easy

96. Which example is of genetic contributions to depression?

a. The majority of depressed teenagers also have depressed siblings.

b. Depressed individuals often have disruptions in the overall balance and production of neurotransmitters.

c. There are unique alleles that trigger depression despite environmental circumstances.

d. Virtually all depressed adolescents have significant abnormalities in brain structures and functions.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Medium

97. Which statement describes culture and depression?

a. In all cultures studied, females are twice as likely as males to report feelings of depression.

b. Longitudinal effects of stressful life events on depression are buffered by parent–child closeness.

c. In Western cultures, adolescent males and females demonstrate similar rates in depression but by adulthood, the trend reverses.

d. Good parental acculturation is linked with adolescent depression when their relationships are positive.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Hard

98. Where is suicide ranked in the top leading causes of death in many Western countries?

a. three

b. five

c. seven

d. ten

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Easy

99. Males are how many times more likely than females to commit suicide?

a. two

b. four

c. six

d. eight

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Easy

100. Which statement describes self-harm?

a. Boys are more likely than girls to engage in it.

b. It is relatively uncommon among adolescents in Western countries.

c. Adolescents who engage in it are usually in touch with underlying emotions.

d. Ethnicity and socioeconomic status play little role in who does it.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Self-Harm: Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Difficulty Level: Medium

101. Which factor increases the risk an adolescent will self-harm?

a. moderate levels of support

b. intense conflict with peers

c. moderate family conflict

d. ability to form close relationships

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Self-Harm: Nonsuicidal Self-Injury

Difficulty Level: Medium

102. Which adolescent is most at risk for thoughts of suicide?

a. Priscilla, who received a bad grade on a quiz

b. Corey, who dislikes the church his parents make him attend

c. Marco, who is conflicted about realizing he is gay

d. Alyssa, who is thinking about breaking up with her boyfriend

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Hard

103. An essential first step in treating adolescent depression is ______.

a. implementing school-based suicide prevention programs

b. prescribing medication to regulate hormones and neurotransmitters

c. educating parents and teachers about the signs

d. screening all students for early warning signs of mental health problems

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Hard

104. Anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa are defined by an excessive concern about body ______.

a. weight

b. health

c. nutrition

d. exercise

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Easy

105. Bulimia nervosa is characterized by recurrent episodes of ______.

a. binge eating

b. starvation

c. high water intake

d. low salt intake

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Easy

106. Adolescents who develop eating disorders tend to have problems with ______.

a. depression

b. schizophrenia

c. initiative

d. anxiety

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

107. Which adolescent is most likely to develop an eating disorder?

a. Marla, who is African American and captain of her basketball team

b. Jessalyn, who is White and trying to get into an Ivy League school

c. Zhu, who is Asian and starting to realize that she may be a lesbian

d. Bianca, who is Latina and prefers to spend her time playing video games

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Hard

108. Which behavior is characteristic of an adolescent with an eating disorder?

a. obsession with social media

b. positive body image

c. avoidance of physical activity

d. obsession with weight control

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

109. Mia’s roommates have been increasingly concerned about her behavior. She has been hoarding food and locks herself in her room every night. Her roommates hear her throwing up in the evening before bed. She tells them she has been getting sick because she is nervous about final exams. She takes a laxative every morning with her breakfast. What eating disorder does Mia most likely have?

a. bulimia nervosa

b. anorexia nervosa

c. compulsive overeating

d. body dysmorphia

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Hard

110. Which statement describes alcohol and substance use in adolescents?

a. Most children use a given substance regularly.

b. It is uncommon in well-adjusted children.

c. It is a way of asserting independence.

d. Rates of experimentation fall in emerging adulthood.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Alcohol and Substance Use

Difficulty Level: Hard

111. Adolescents are particularly vulnerable to alcohol abuse because they ______.

a. show reduced sensitivity to the effects that are cues in adults to limit intake

b. have a limited ability to develop a tolerance to it

c. develop a dependence for it more slowly than adults do

d. have increased frontal cortex response during working memory

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alcohol and Substance Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

112. The most direct influence on adolescents about drinking and substance use is ______.

a. parental guidance

b. peer behavior

c. socioeconomic status

d. family issues

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alcohol and Substance Use

Difficulty Level: Medium

113. The most effective alcohol and substance use prevention and treatment programs are ones that ______.

a. involve parents and adolescents

b. are discipline-based

c. emphasize authoritarian parenting

d. downplay social unacceptance

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Alcohol and Substance Use

Difficulty Level: Hard

114. How many adolescents engage in at least one delinquent, or illegal, act, such as stealing, without coming into police contact?

a. nearly all

b. about half

c. fewer than one third

d. approximately 10%

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Easy

115. Boys are how many times more likely than girls to be arrested for delinquent behavior?

a. two

b. four

c. eight

d. twelve

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Easy

116. Which adolescent is most likely to be arrested?

a. David, who is White

b. Kia, who is Latina

c. Brad, who is African American

d. Marie, who is Asian American

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Easy

117. What percentage of violent offenses in the United States, including murder, rape, robbery, and aggravated assault, are conducted by adolescents?

a. 10%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Easy

118. A common characteristic of most young people whose delinquent activity persists and evolves into a life of crime is they ______.

a. demonstrate few warning signs in childhood or adolescence

b. commit their first offense in mid-adolescence

c. show multiple problem behaviors in childhood

d. come from middle-income homes with strong ties to the community

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

119. Which parenting behavior is associated with the childhood onset of serious antisocial behavior that persists into adulthood?

a. failing to set age-appropriate expectations for behavior

b. overlooking early signs of depression

c. being overly permissive

d. being overly controlling or negligent

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

120. Which factor mediates the negative effects of low income contexts and is associated with lower levels of delinquency over time?

a. peer relationships

b. involvement in school activities

c. high profile community involvement

d. close extended family

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. The ways in which adolescents define themselves form the basis for self-evaluation and self-esteem.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Self-Concept

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The identity achieved status becomes less common in late adolescence.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Identity Statuses

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The diffused identity status is associated with passivity and maladaptive long-term outcomes.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Outcomes Associated with Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Adolescents with a strong sense of ethnic identity tend to show better adjustment and coping skills and fewer emotional and behavioral problems.

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Ethnic Identity

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Parent–child conflict rises in early adolescence and peaks in middle adolescence.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The majority of adolescents and parents report significant conflict and emotional distance throughout the teenage years.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Authoritarian parenting supports healthy adolescent adjustment.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Parenting

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. When adolescents feel that their parents are intrusive, they are more likely to self-disclose their thoughts and activities in an effort to gain their parents’ trust.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. A dyad is a close-knit, friendship-based group.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Friendships

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Like cliques, crowds are based on intimate friendships.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Both peer behavior and adolescents’ perceptions of peer behavior predicts risky activities, such as smoking, alcohol use, and marijuana use.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Peer Conformity

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Adolescents with larger social networks and greater access to opposite sex peers date more.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Early sexual activity and greater sexual experience is more common in adolescents reared in stressful contexts

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Young people are coming out as gay or lesbian at later ages than in prior generations.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The U.S. Centers for Disease Control recommends HPV vaccinations for males and females starting at age 11.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. The United States has one of the lowest teen birth rates in the developed world

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Rates of depression rise in early adolescence.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Of anorexia and bulimia, only anorexia is dangerous to young people’s health.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Eating Disorders

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Marijuana is used much less often than alcohol by adolescents.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol and Substance Use

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. In communities with persistent poverty, frequent violence, and gang activity, rates of adolescent delinquency are especially high.

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Distinguish between the ideal self and the real self. What are the consequences of mismatches between ideal and actual selves in adolescence?

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Self-Concept

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. What are the effects of a having a strong positive sense of ethnic identity?

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Ethnic Identity

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Which of the four parenting styles is associated with low levels of parent–adolescent conflict and promotes favorable adjustment in teenagers? Explain why this is so.

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parent–Adolescent Conflict and Parenting

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Distinguish between cliques and crowds.

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Cliques and Crowds

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Identify the typical developmental progression of dating relationships. Among 16-year-olds, about how long does the average dating relationship last?

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Dating

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Describe risk factors for early sexual activity in U.S. teens.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Activity

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. List three strategies for preventing sexually transmitted infections.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexually Transmitted Infections

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Explain what adolescents need to be effective parents.

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Adolescent Pregnancy

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. You have been asked to speak to a group of parents and educators about adolescent suicide. What risk factors would be especially important to emphasize?

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Depression and Suicide

Difficulty Level: Hard

10. What are physiological reasons why adolescents are particularly vulnerable to alcohol abuse?

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Alcohol and Substance Use

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Theo and Rochelle are the parents of 18-year-old Jayce. To those outside of the immediate family, Jayce seems to lack direction; he does not apply himself at school and has not explored any alternatives for his future. When asked what he wants to do with his life, Jayce shrugs his shoulders and mutters that he’ll have plenty of time to be an adult when he’s older. Jayce has had several part-time jobs but he either quits or gets fired for poor performance and not showing up. He avoids talking about work, school, or the future and seems indifferent to those who try to motivate him. Jayce has been caught in the basement of his home smoking and drinking with his friends. He was also escorted home a few months ago by a police officer who broke up an underage party with alcohol. Theo and Rochelle believe that Jayce is just a typical teenager and that he’ll eventually grow up and become more responsible. Which identity status best fits Jayce? Are Theo and Rochelle correct that Jayce will likely grow out of this phase? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 12.1: Summarize the processes by which self-concept, self-esteem, and identity change during adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Outcomes Associated with Identity Development

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How can parents balance their adolescent’s need for autonomy with their need for protection? What effects does this balance have?

Learning Objective: 12.2: Discuss the nature of parent–child relationships in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Parental Monitoring

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. How do girls and boys differ in demonstrating dating violence? What are risk factors for engaging in dating violence?

Learning Objective: 12.3: Examine the developmental progression of peer relations in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Lives in Context: Adolescent Dating Violence

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Mr. Goldberg just accepted a job as the principal of a large high school. For years, Mr. Goldberg has been concerned about the rates of bullying and suicide among LGBT youths. One of his first goals as principal is to start a gay–straight alliance (GSA) in his school. Mr. Goldberg has asked you to help him get teachers and parents on board. What information would be helpful for this task?

Learning Objective: 12.4: Analyze patterns of adolescent sexual activity including sexual orientation.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender Adolescents

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. What are contextual factors in the community that can contribute to an adolescent’s delinquency? What are examples of effective prevention and intervention approaches to delinquency?

Learning Objective: 12.5: Identify common psychological and behavioral problems in adolescence.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Delinquency

Difficulty Level: Hard