Ch.9 Verified Test Bank Prisons And The Correctional Client

Chapter 9: Prisons and the Correctional Client

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. In which type of prison can the exterior security be tight while internally providing inmates with many opportunities to attend school, treatment, and church programming?

a. Supermax

b. Maximum security

c. Medium security

d. Minimum security

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maximums, Mediums, and Minimums

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What did Goffman (1961) describe as “a place of residence and work where a large number of like-situated individuals, cut off from the wider society for an appreciable period of time, together lead an enclosed, formally administered round of life?”

a. Total institution

b. Prisonization

c. Mortification

d. Importation

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Prisonization is best described as:

a. the means whereby prisoners adopt the subculture of the institution.

b. the general trend of increasing incarceration rates in a given population.

c. the bleeding of prison culture into popular culture.

d. the manner in which prisoners’ self-perceptions change due to prison violence.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Total Institutions

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. When an inmate suffers from the loss of the many roles he or she occupied in the wider world, this is known as:

a. total institution

b. prisonization

c. mortification

d. importation

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. According to Clemmer, why would inmates in prison be motivated to engage in deviance?

a. To alleviate the pain associated with imprisonment.

b. Because they were deviant prior to entering prison.

c. To punish their captors and assert their will.

d. To reclaim the loss of their own culture.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Research finds that mature coping in the prison system is ______.

a. absent

b. relatively rare

c. relatively common

d. very common

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. As of 2005, there were ______ state and federal prisons in the United States.

a. 789

b. 1133

c. 1406

d. 1821

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Types and Levels

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. When a person entering prison brings with them aspects of his or her own culture from the outside, this is known as:

a. total institution

b. prisonization

c. mortification

d. importation

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Which deprivation involves the surrendering of all an inmate’s personal property upon entering prison?

a. Goods and services

b. Autonomy

c. Liberty

d. Heterosexual relationships

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. What did Sykes (1958) argue can have the cumulative effect of destroying the psyche of the inmate?

a. Pains of imprisonment

b. Prison subculture

c. Rioting

d. Mature coping

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. A subset of culture within a prison that has its own norms, values, beliefs, traditions, and even language is known as:

a. pains of imprisonment

b. prison subculture

c. rioting

d. mature coping

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Although only about one-fifth of the prisons in the United States are designated as maximum security, because of their size, they hold about ______ of the inmates incarcerated in this country.

a. a fifth

b. a quarter

c. a third

d. half

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Types and Levels

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. According to Sykes and Messinger (1960), _____ are inmates that either chose to not connect to the inmate subculture or held on to more traditional and legitimate values from the larger culture.

a. Beassts

b. Fishes

c. Lone wolfs

d. Square Johns

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Which of the following prison gangs is associated with whites?

a. Neta

b. Aryan Brotherhood

c. Texas Syndicate

d. Black Guerrilla

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gangs and the Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which deprivation involves not being able to decide when you eat, sleep, and work?

a. Goods and services

b. Autonomy

c. Liberty

d. Heterosexual relationships

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. Which deprivation involves the offender not being able to have contact with whomever they want to whenever they wish?

a. Goods and services

b. Autonomy

c. Liberty

d. Heterosexual relationships

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. A decent prison is one in which:

a. prisoners are subject to very little supervision.

b. there is no such thing as a decent prison.

c. the staff is well educated.

d. there is relatively little violence.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. When inmates inmates seek power and information so that they might get the goods and services they desire to alleviate those pains of imprisonment, they have adopted the:

a. convict code

b. mature coping strategy

c. convict subculture

d. status of double deviant

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Another form of violence, namely group violence, is known as:

a. gangs

b. prison subculture

c. rioting

d. sexual assault

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rioting

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Groups of people with similar interests who socialize together and who may engage in deviant or criminal activities are known as:

a. gangs

b. similar subcultures

c. rioters

d. mature coping groups

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gangs and the Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

21. According to the Bureau of Justice Statistics, about ______ of the state prison population are incarcerated for violent offenses.

a. 25%

b. 53%

c. 75%

d. 10%

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Why Prisons Are Violent?

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. Which of the following is endemic to prisons?

a. Mature coping

b. Riots

c. Violence

d. Sexual assaults

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Strategies to Reduce Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. Which type of violence is used to achieve some end?

a. Active violence

b. Verbal violence

c. Instrumental violence

d. Expressive violence

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rioting

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. Which type of violence is an angry outburst?

a. Active violence

b. Verbal violence

c. Instrumental violence

d. Expressive violence

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rioting

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. By design, prisons are intended to house:

a. Only serious offenders

b. Long-term and convicted offenders

c. Juveniles

d. Offenders who committed misdemeanors

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prison Types and Levels

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Dealing with life’s problems like a responsive and responsible human being is one aspect of:

a. mature coping

b. autonomy

c. responsibility

d. liberty

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. Which population(s) is/are increasing in prisons and jails at an exponential rate?

a. Elderly

b. Physically ill

c. Mentally ill

d. All of these

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which deprivation involves inmates having to live with other inmates at the risk of being victimized?

a. Goods and services

b. Autonomy

c. Heterosexual relationships

d. Security

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

29. The deinstitutionalization of which population came about as a result of the civil rights movement and related efforts to increase the rights of the powerless people?

a. Elderly

b. Physically ill

c. Mentally ill

d. Gays, lesbians, bisexual, and transgender

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. With which population is the true number of inmates in the correctional population not known?

a. Elderly

b. Physically ill

c. Mentally ill

d. Gays, lesbians, bisexual, and transgender

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Which of the following prison gangs is associated with Puerto Rican Americans and Hispanics?

a. Mexican Mafia

b. Neta

c. La Nuestra Familia

d. Texas Syndicate

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Gangs and the Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Which of the following statements pertaining to elderly inmates is true?

a. Elderly inmates are more costly to house due to medical care.

b. Elderly inmates are able to do the same type of work as other inmates.

c. Elderly inmates do not require separate housing.

d. Elderly inmates are more likely to have supportive family or friends waiting for them.

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Medium

33. According to a 2004 survey of state and federal prison inmates, the most prevalent medical problems for prison inmates were

a. vision and hearing loss

b. heart disease and kidney disease

c. arthritis and hypertension

d. cancer

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. The Community Mental Health Act of 1963 ended much of the ______ support for mental health hospital.

a. local

b. state

c. federal

d. tribal

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. In order for a prison to be classified as a decent prison it needs to

a. include more programming.

b. include opportunities for inmates to act autonomously.

c. have better food.

d. higher a diverse staff.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. According to Maslow (1998), if the _____ need is not fulfilled, it will preoccupy offenders and motivate them to engage in behaviors that they normally might avoid.

a. food

b. water

c. social

d. security

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Which of the following are considered to be prosocial activities?

a. work

b. treatment programs

c. school

d. all of these

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. A person that can investigate serious complaints by staff or inmates and work to resolve them is referred to as a

a. supervisor

b. warden

c. ombudsman

d. officer

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Strategies to Reduce Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. Promoting those up the career ladder who model values for the institution is a component of which of the following strategies to reduce violence?

a. professional subculture

b. personnel

c. supervise

d. classification

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Strategies to Reduce Violence

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. Carole currently resides in a prison where inmates are provided with far more programming both inside and outside. She can roam the facility more freely and her visiting options are more liberalized. She is most likely held in a

a. supermax prison

b. maximum security prison

c. medium security prison

d. minimum security prison

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Maximums, Mediums, and Minimums

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Women and children are classified in separate facilities from adult males.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Know what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Classification

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. United States’ combined incarceration rate for jails and prisons remains the highest in the Western world at 670 per 100,000 U.S. residents as of 2016.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Introduction: The State of Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Supermax facilities have the greatest internal and external security controls.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maximums, Mediums, and Minimums

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The pains of imprisonment identified by Sykes inflict physical rather than psychological destruction upon the prisoner.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Prisoners residing in maximum-security facilities are more subject to the pains of imprisonment than that of minimum security facilities.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Transgender female prisoners are much more likely to report being sexually assaulted then other inmates.

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Placing someone in prison is a very expensive decision, costing states and the federal government at least US$50,000 per year for adult males and more than double that for women and children.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Goffman (1961) believed that total institutions had the effect of debilitating their inmates.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Inmate language is also known as inmate argent.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Prison gangs have a hierarchical organizational structure and a set, and often strict, code of conduct for members.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gangs and the Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Incarceration in a supermax is expensive at about US$60,000 per year, as compared to US$15,000 to US$70,000 to incarcerate an adult male in lower security prison.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Subcultures are less likely to flourish in environments where groups of individuals are isolated from the larger culture.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Because of the materials used in their construction, supermax prisons are at least 2 to 3 times more expensive to build than a “regular” prison.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Deprivation of employment is one of the pains of imprisonment identified by Sykes.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. The history of prison gangs is very new to correctional facilities and agencies.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gangs and the Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

16. One of the most notorious incidences of prison rioting occurred in Mobile, Alabama, in 1971.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Rioting

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. A person experiences prisonization when they adopt the inmate subculture of the institution.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Data indicates that 15% of prison inmates experienced sexual assaults in a given year.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexual Assaults

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. An inmate finding a niche is not ideal for them to begin to learn to maturely cope.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Protecting sexual orientation and gender identity minorities in prisons presents a problem for correctional officials.

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Explain why supermax prisons were originally created.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Supermax Prisons

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In what way do maximum security prisons differ from supermax prisons?

Learning Objective: 9-1: Understand the differences between types of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prison Types and Levels

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Define Goffman’s notion of a total institution.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Define the term importation.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Name each of the pains of imprisonment.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. What is the true number of gay, bisexual, transgender, and intersex inmates in corrections?

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual, Transgender, and Intersex Inmates

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. How does the U.S. Department of Justice define a gang in prisons or jails?

Learning Objective: 9-4: Explain what prison gangs are and why they exist in prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Gangs and the Prison Subculture

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Define mature coping.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. The text states that “as America ages and mandatory sentences and other such laws lengthen sentences, correctional populations are graying.” What are the four collateral consequences that derive from that fact?

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. What is the deinstitutionalization of the mentally ill?

Learning Objective: 9-6: Understand why care for aging and physically and mentally ill inmates in prisons has become such an issue.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Elderly and the Physically and Mentally Ill

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. What is classification? How are prisons classified? In your discussion, make sure you mention what types of inmates are held in the different classifications of prisons.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Know what factors affect the operation of prisons.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Classification

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Discuss each of the pains of imprisonment as conceived by Sykes. What influences the degree to which they are experienced by prisoners?

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Pains of Imprisonment

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Discuss in detail Goffman’s idea of a total institution. How do these aspects affect the lives of inmates?

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Total Institutions, Mortification, Importation, Prisonization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Explain what rioting is and why it present problems for correctional facilities. Include in your answer any information about violence.

Learning Objective: 9-5: Know the reasons why violence, riots, and sexual assaults occur in prisons and some strategies for their reduction.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Rioting

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Explain and discuss mature coping. What does Johnson argue? What does he mean when he says that inmates must find a niche?

Learning Objective: 9-3: Be able to explain what prisonization, mortification, importation, pains of imprisonment, and mature coping are and how they influence inmate behavior.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Mature Coping

Difficulty Level: Hard