Ch9 – Test Bank Docx | Family Ties, Relationships, And

Chapter 9

Family Ties, Relationships, and Transitions

Multiple Choice Questions

1. The Vanier Institute of the Family defines which term as “any combination of two or more persons who are bound together over time by ties of mutual consent, birth and/or adoption or placement.”
   1. organization
   2. cohort
   3. family
   4. community

Page: 282

1. Which of the following are informal family-like relationships that emerge with neighbours or friends over time and often evolve to a level where a friend or neighbour is almost like a relative?
   1. Community networks
   2. Kinship circles
   3. Fictive kin
   4. Childless networks

Page: 284

1. What percentage of women aged 65 and over are grandparents?
   1. 80 per cent
   2. 70 per cent
   3. 60 per cent
   4. 50 per cent

Page: 282

1. What is the most common marital status for older adults?
   1. Married
   2. Common-law
   3. Widowed
   4. Divorced

Page: 282

1. Margaret and her common-law partner Ahmed have one young daughter living at home and have shared custody of Margaret’s daughter from a previous marriage. For the past five years, Ahmed’s father has lived in their “in-law suite” independently but they provide meals for him and help with heavy cleaning tasks. Recently, Ahmed’s son from a previous marriage has moved back into the neigbourhood to be closer to family but is having trouble securing employment and is moving back into Margaret and Ahmed’s home with his husband and their son. Which term best describes this living situation?
   1. Familial chaos
   2. New age cohabitation
   3. An empty nest
   4. A cluttered nest

Page: 283

1. Which term is used to describe caregivers who provide care to both an elderly parent and children living at home?
   1. Doughnut generation
   2. Onion generation
   3. Milkshake generation
   4. Sandwich generation

Page: 283

1. What does “intimacy at a distance” in families refer to?
   1. Living in a separate part of the house
   2. Living far away from family members yet often talking to those family members on the phone
   3. Having separate social relationships but eating meals together
   4. Living independently yet being close enough to visit

Page: 284

1. Which of the following is true about the definition of family?
   1. Family is restricted to blood or marriage ties.
   2. Family is dynamic and changes across time and culture.
   3. Family is static across time and culture.
   4. Family is the same as kin.

Page: 284

1. Which of the following statements regarding major changes in family and kinship structures is false?
   1. There has been a shift from an “age-condensed” structure to an “age-gapped” structure in some extended families.
   2. There has been an emergence of truncated families in which a specific family lineage eventually disappears when the youngest generation is childless by choice or by chance.
   3. The kinship system has become shorter, resulting in less complex family relationships.
   4. The number of reconstituted or blended families as a result of remarriage following divorce or widowhood has increased.

Page: 286-287

1. Kinless older persons tend to be which of the following?
   1. Higher income
   2. Divorced
   3. Poorly educated
   4. In poor health

Page: 287

1. Which of the following refers to the role of facilitating kinship interaction taken on by one or two members of the extended family (usually women)?
   1. Kin curator
   2. Kin guardian
   3. Kin keeper
   4. Kin caretaker

Page: 288

1. Which of the following serves as the primary resource for assistance and support for people of ethnic minorities?
   1. Colleagues
   2. Social organizations
   3. Friends
   4. Extended family

Page: 288

1. Which of the following statements is true?
   1. Retirement leads to tension and conflict in marriages.
   2. Younger people are generally more satisfied with their marriages.
   3. High levels of marital satisfaction are generally reported more by elderly men than elderly women.
   4. Marital satisfaction is negatively associated with health and well-being.

Page: 289

1. Which of the following is not a pattern that may be followed by siblings over the life course?
   1. No discernible relationship in later life
   2. Frequent interaction in the family home during childhood and adolescence, then little or no interaction after leaving home
   3. Frequent interaction in childhood continuing throughout the life course if siblings are “best friends”
   4. A slow drifting apart during adulthood after entering the labour force and getting married

Page: 291

1. Who represents the predominant monitoring system and source of physical, emotional, and financial support for elderly persons?
   1. Volunteer caregivers
   2. Adult children
   3. Siblings
   4. Social workers

Page: 294

1. Which of the following relationships is likely to have the strongest ties?
   1. Sisters
   2. Brothers
   3. A sister and a brother
   4. Siblings who hold different socio-economic statuses

Page: 291-292

1. Which of the following is true about divorced parents and their relationship with their adult children?
   1. Divorced fathers receive more assistance and support from their children than do divorced mothers.
   2. Divorced mothers receive more assistance and support from their children than do divorced fathers.
   3. Divorced parents generally provide more financial aid and support to their adult children.
   4. Divorced parents have more contact than married parents with their adult children.

Page: 295

1. Which of the following statements concerning grandparent–grandchild relationships is true?
   1. Older people in the future will have more biological grandchildren than they do now.
   2. Face-to-face grandparent–grandchild interactions have increased.
   3. By 30 years of age, most people still have all four living biological grandparents.
   4. In skip-generation households, about half involve a single grandparent providing care for at least one grandchild.

Page: 296

1. Which of the following is true about common-law relationships?
   1. They tend to be less permanent than legal marriages.
   2. More women than men seek and enter common-law relationships.
   3. They are more common in older age cohorts.
   4. They are almost never converted to a legal marriage.

Page: 299

1. Which of the following is true about never-married women?
   1. They have no access to a pension.
   2. They tend to suffer from financial insecurity.
   3. They feel stigmatized by being single.
   4. They are likely to be highly-educated.

Page: 300-301

1. Which of the following statements is true?
   1. The “empty nest” stage is more common outside North America.
   2. For most parents, the transition to the “empty nest” stage is a negative experience.
   3. Sons tend to leave home later than daughters.
   4. A decreasing number of children continue to live in the family home well into their 30s.

Page: 302

1. Which of the following is not a following for divorce among older adults?
   1. To increase the level of excitement in their lives
   2. To reduce stress
   3. To reduce boredom
   4. To improve their physical and mental health

Page: 304

1. Which term refers to adult children who return home after an assumed permanent departure?
   1. Bounce-back children
   2. Ricochet children
   3. Rebound children
   4. Boomerang children

Page: 302

1. In which of the following must a widowed woman engage in order to determine who she is as a single woman, following the death of her spouse?
   1. Identity work
   2. Lived reality
   3. Re-partnering
   4. Reclamation of self

Page: 305

1. Widowed women are more likely than widowed men to need help with which task?
   1. Handling financial matters
   2. Keeping in touch with family
   3. Cooking meals
   4. Cleaning the house

Page: 306

True or False Questions

1. Most older adults who remarry consider the marriage successful.

Page: 308

1. Cohabitation is more common and accepted in the US than it is in Canada.

Page: 308

1. Adult children usually return to live in the family home due to unemployment.

Page: 303

1. Most older people prefer “intimacy at a distance.”

Page: 284

1. In recent decades, there has been a shift from age-condensed kinship structures to age-gapped kinship structures.

Page: 286

1. Today, few people reach the later stages of life with no surviving kin.

Page: 287

1. Widows usually have less contact with their children than older married or divorced women.

Page: 288

1. Social class influences intergenerational relationships.

Page: 288

1. Mother–daughter ties are stronger than son–father ties.

Page: 288

1. An increasing number of older widows report that they enjoy the freedom and independence of being single.

Page: 306

1. Having fewer children is associated with greater marital satisfaction later in life.

Page: 289-290

1. More elderly men than elderly women report higher levels of marital satisfaction.

Page: 289

1. Retirement usually leads to tension and conflict in a marriage.

Page: 289-290

1. Sibling ties are stronger between brothers than between sisters.

Page: 291

1. In the future, older people will have fewer biological grandchildren than they do now.

Page: 296

1. Divorced parents generally provide less financial aid and support to their adult children.

Page: 295

1. Becoming a grandparent after retirement is becoming less common.

Page: 296-298

1. Most grandparenting is performed by a grandmother.

Page: 296

1. Widowers tend to fare better than widows in terms of continuing or establishing new social relationships.

Page: 304

1. The “empty nest” is more common outside of North America.

Page: 302-303

1. The topic of family ties of older gay and lesbian adults is understudied.

Page: 299

1. Gay and lesbian adults have similar levels of family support in later life to heterosexual adults.

Page: 299

1. Older LGBTQ adults often face discrimination in terms of unequal access to services because of care-worker attitudes.

Page: 300

1. In later life, most adults who never married report that they are lonely and socially isolated.

Page: 300

1. Childless older adults report having low levels of well-being and inadequate support networks.

Page: 301

Short Answer Questions

1. What is family?

Page: 282

1. Why is the “sandwich” generation part myth, part fact?

Page: 283

1. In what ways have discontinuities and irregularities in the traditional family life course resulted in a social reconstruction of the family?

Page: 284

1. What is meant by a “grandfamily” household? How can this phenomenon affect older persons?

Page: 298

1. What kind of information do we need in order to understand the family or kinship (lineage) structures and relationships across the life course?

Page: 286-287

1. What are the myths and misconceptions about the structure of Canadian families over time—in particular, the view that multi-generational families were common in the past?

Page: 286

1. What are four major changes in family and kinship structures that have occurred in recent decades?

Page: 286–287

1. What are four factors that influence family relationships?

Page: 287

1. What is the role of the kin keeper?

Page: 288

1. What is the importance of gender in later-life family relationships?
2. How does social class impact the frequency and nature of intergenerational relationships?

Page: 288

1. How can racial and ethnic background influence family relationships across the life course?

Page: 288–289

1. How does marital satisfaction change over the life course and why?

Page: 289-290

1. Why are sibling relationships important for older adults?

Page: 290–292

1. What patterns are possible for sibling relationships across the life course?

Page: 291

1. What are four main issues concerning relationships between older parents and adult children that have been emphasized in recent years?

Page: 295

1. In what ways are gay and lesbian relationships disadvantaged in terms of family support?

Page: 299-300

1. What are the differences between older never-married women and older never-married men?

Page: 300-301

1. What are the reported advantages and disadvantages of being childless in later life?

Page: 301

1. What are the characteristics of the “empty nest” in North America in contrast to developing countries?

Page: 302

1. How can divorce affect men and women differently in old age?

Page: 304

1. How can widowhood affect men and women differently in old age?

Page: 304

1. What is meant by the phrase “intimacy at a distance” and why do older adults prefer it?

Page: 284

1. How might widows and widowers engage in identity work to adapt to being single again?

Page: 305)

1. How does the relationship between grandparents and grandchildren change after a milestone event?

Page: 297-298