Ch9 + New Empires And Common Cultures | Complete Test Bank

a.

That there is only one god

b.

That care must be delivered to the less fortunate

c.

That righteous living was important

d.

That Islam must be carried to nonbelievers

a.

Learned men gathered there to debate the doctrines of Zoroastrianism and Judaism.

b.

The Roman and Ptolemaic empires had already influenced the city and its surrounding region.

c.

Mecca was a major trade center, a kind of paradise, with flowing rivers, lush grasses, and bountiful fruit trees.

d.

Mecca was a village of mud huts that contained a revered sanctuary where polytheistic Meccans worshipped.

a.

the umma.

b.

the sharia.

c.

the jihad.

d.

the hijri.

a.

They included declaring allegiance to Islamic political rulers.

b.

They created a doctrinal and legal structure for the empire.

c.

They committed the believer to participating in jihad to spread the faith.

d.

They alienated potential converts, thereby limiting the early spread of the religion.

a.

Its unique dictate to convert nonbelievers combined with tolerance of diverse beliefs permitted it to adapt to many different societies.

b.

Its geographical point of origin, which was at a nexus of trade routes, allowed rapid military movement.

c.

Its creation and observance of the Five Pillars required the forced conversion of Christians and Jews.

d.

Its warriors were driven by religious enthusiasm and a desire to acquire the wealth of conquered territories.

a.

The Umayyads refused to spread Islam outside of the Arabian Peninsula.

b.

The Umayyads destroyed Arab influence over Islam.

c.

The Umayyads discriminated against non-Arab converts to Islam.

d.

The Umayyads rejected many elements of Islam, such as the use of Arabic.

a.

Moving the capital turned the Abbasids away from the Hellenistic Mediterranean, thus marking the end of the Late Classical period.

b.

Moving the capital meant that the Abbasids could now concentrate on the unity of their tradition with Christianity and Judaism.

c.

The new capital was closer to Constantinople, a source of trade and religious influence.

d.

The new capital allowed the Arab conquerors to live a more isolated life, away from those they had conquered.

a.

Sharia law covered exclusively spiritual life.

b.

The Umayyad period saw the beginning of sharia law’s codification.

c.

Sharia law placed the ulama at the heart of Islam as they, rather than rulers, became the lawmakers.

d.

The role of the ulama in defining and interpreting Islamic law prevented division between the religious and secular leaders.

a.

Both increasingly relied upon diverse populations far from the imperial center to fill their armies.

b.

Both effectively balanced the center and the periphery in imperial administration.

c.

Both empires ultimately relied upon a single ethnicity for support.

d.

Both located the center of religious devotion inside their imperial capital city.

a.

Women had a shifting status, as patriarchy was only starting to emerge in the Arabian communities.

b.

Women lost all rights to inherit or own property.

c.

Women from poor families were required to wear veils and be secluded, while women from wealthy families were allowed open access to male society.

d.

Women enjoyed the right to divorce freely and to take multiple husbands.

a.

The Abbasid rulers ordered the burning of all non-Muslim books and the execution of anyone found to possess these banned books.

b.

The Abbasids encouraged mathematicians, who pioneered advances in arithmetic, geometry, algebra, and trigonometry.

c.

The Abbasids believed correct knowledge of the world began with the birth of the Prophet Muhammad; therefore it was pointless to study the pre-Islamic past.

d.

The Abbasids absorbed the European invention of paper, allowing for the mass production of the Quran.

a.

He unified his kingdom politically and religiously by forcing all non-Muslims to convert or die.

b.

He instituted a simple and austere life in the royal court to prevent corruption.

c.

He increased regional instability by waging constant war against nearby Christian states.

d.

He used an evenhanded approach to governance that facilitated friendly relations among Muslims, Christians, and Jews.

a.

He was an important Islamic scholar, famed as a collector of hadith.

b.

He studied Greek and Christian teachings and promoted the Platonic idea of the philosopher king.

c.

He created a mathematical system based on modifying Indian digits into Arabic numerals.

d.

He furthered medical knowledge by following Egyptian teachings on anatomy and dissection.

a.

Ibn Sina was knowledgeable in the Frankish language, the language of academia at the time.

b.

Ibn Sina shared Abbasid learning with non-Muslim students.

c.

Ibn Sina studied Indian religious practices because they fascinated him.

d.

Ibn Sina wrote the standard medical text used in both Southwest Asia and Europe for centuries.

a.

It was set in the golden sands of the Sahara, which provided much of the city’s building material.

b.

It was the terminus of major trans-Saharan gold–salt trade routes.

c.

It was the site of the famous gold mines of King Solomon.

d.

It was the site where the so-called “golden” scholarship originated.

a.

Swahili language, which became the language of trade in East Africa

b.

Yoruba literature, which described the journeys of sufi missionaries in West Africa

c.

Ghanaian mosques, which reflected the influence of Hagia Sophia

d.

Shona epics, which praised military exploits

a.

New crops fed growing urban centers, but required fewer agricultural laborers.

b.

Widescale famine ensued as traditional food crops were replaced with cotton.

c.

Increased agricultural production created denser populations in the countryside.

d.

New agricultural pests were transmitted along with the new crops, destroying many traditional food sources.

a.

Both Sunnis and Shiites believe in the divinity of the Prophet Muhammad.

b.

Sunnis believe that caliphs are chosen by election from the umma, while Shiites trace political succession through the lineage of the Prophet Muhammad.

c.

Both share a reverence for a single God, but only the Sunnis followed the sharia and hadith.

d.

Shiites never spread their sect to Africa or Asia.

a.

Islam disrupted trade networks while Christianity facilitated trade.

b.

Islam created an empire to spread their faith while Christianity grew in an existing empire where the leader adopted that faith.

c.

Christianity was a universalizing religion, but Islam was limited to Arabs.

d.

Islam limited agricultural and commercial experimentation in favor of sharia, which promoted stability and tradition.

a.

The Fatimids began when a Shiite religious and military leader overthrew the Sunni ruler in North Africa.

b.

The Fatimids established themselves as a Sunni regime and refused to acknowledge the legitimacy of the Abbasid caliphs.

c.

The Fatimids began as religious purifiers, who destroyed earlier centers of learning that had attracted Islamic scholars from all over Afro-Eurasia.

d.

The Fatimids brought the Egyptian population into the Shiite faith and established Egypt as the primary base for Shiism.

a.

Both consisted of large groups of highly trained infantry.

b.

Both reduced the size of the empire to more defensible borders.

c.

Both relied upon pastoral nomadic soldiers from the Inner Afro-Eurasian steppes.

d.

Both rejected the use of cavalry because their enemies relied on it.

a.

Buddhism was imported into China from Japan through Korea.

b.

The Inner Asian state of Annam sent tribute in the form of women and blood horses to China.

c.

Buddhism and new ideas in medicine and mathematics were imported from India.

d.

Chinese methods of governance reflected Abbasid influence.

a.

A common spoken language that united the Chinese people

b.

A shared spiritual commitment to monastic Buddhism

c.

An efficient, loyal civil service versed in Confucian political culture

d.

A rejection of foreign cultural and religious influences

a.

The population reached nearly one hundred thousand.

b.

It was one of the most dangerous cities in the world.

c.

Inhabitants were free to roam the city streets at all hours of the day and night.

d.

It had a large foreign population, including Christians, Buddhists, and Zoroastrians.

a.

She expanded the military and recruited her administrators from the civil examination candidates.

b.

She ordered scholars to write epic poems comparing her to military heroes from the past.

c.

She destroyed the Confucian schools because they taught that women should be subordinate to men.

d.

She sought to ban Buddhism from China because Buddhist monks rejected her authority.

a.

It was responsible for keeping the emperor’s household fed and cleaned.

b.

It mediated between the emperor and the provincial governments.

c.

It was limited by military officers who refused to work with them.

d.

It had very little respect because the eunuchs were not considered to be true men.

a.

Millet

b.

New varieties of rice

c.

Sweet potatoes

d.

Citrus fruits

a.

Establishing large privately-owned plantations to grow cotton and silk

b.

Limiting trade on the Silk Road to concentrate on the local handicraft market

c.

Using the Grand Canal and Yangzi River to aid transportation and communication

d.

Focusing on the iron and silver trade with Japan

a.

The Tang emperors expanded their military presence in Central Asia to protect trade and the lucrative taxes it produced.

b.

The Tang dynasty found itself financially strapped and unable to support all of its military and political commitments.

c.

Tang merchants instead focused on developing domestic markets between eastern and western China.

d.

Tang merchants formed a “silk road by the sea” using southern Chinese ports.

a.

The Tang ensured that no religion would rival its power.

b.

The Tang created new prose styles to mark their rejection of the past.

c.

The Tang gained the trust of the Muslim merchants on the Silk Road.

d.

The Tang created religious homogeneity in China under Daoism.

a.

The Tang engaged in constant warfare with the Silla.

b.

The Tang borrowed a new form of Buddhism from the Silla.

c.

The Silla modeled their capital city on the Tang capital at Chang’an.

d.

The Silla refused to send tribute to the Tang.

a.

By limiting the political power of Shinto priests

b.

By linking the Yamato to a universalizing religion that stretched from India to Korea

c.

By allowing the Yamato an entrance into the Silk Road trade system

d.

By forcing Korea to recognize the Yamato as equals

a.

Social equality became a distinctive characteristic of the “Tomb Culture” society.

b.

Japanese clans prevented more Korean immigrants from coming to the islands.

c.

Women had little or no power as Japan imported patriarchal culture from India.

d.

The ruling Yamato clan incorporated both Korean migrants and native Japanese kinship groups.

a.

The power of the ruler was enhanced by exalting the emperor under the mandate of heaven.

b.

The clan chief embraced Buddhist ideals on the proper role of the state.

c.

Shintoism was instituted a single state religion, and other religious practices were outlawed.

d.

Confucian models of government were rejected as too binding on imperial expressions of power.

a.

The Dark Ages

b.

The Byzantine Age

c.

Late Antiquity

d.

Romanesque

a.

His empire was smaller in both population and wealth compared to regimes of the Islamic world.

b.

He ruled for fewer than twenty years but managed to halt the slave trade.

c.

His empire incorporated much of the old Byzantine Empire.

d.

He introduced to Europe an urban-based culture that valued educated citizens over warriors.

a.

Wool

b.

Timber

c.

Copper

d.

Slaves

a.

Ambrose of Milan

b.

Augustine of Hippo

c.

Thomas Aquinas

d.

Clement of Alexandria

a.

Many believed that those who were isolated from laypeople could best mediate between the believer and God.

b.

An active life of ministering to the poor was preferred to copying sacred texts.

c.

Frankish warrior society applauded the role of warrior monks such as the Knights Templar.

d.

The monastic lifestyle offered similarities between the lives of Christian clerics and those of Jewish and Muslim religious leaders.

a.

Sophisticated ships that could travel up rivers and across open ocean waters

b.

Superior metallurgy techniques that produced stronger and more durable weapons

c.

The ingestion of medicinal herbs that eliminated pain during battle

d.

The development of gunpowder technologies that they had learned from merchants along the Silk Road

a.

They raided land from ocean coasts but avoided following rivers inland for fear of losing their naval advantages in narrow, shallow rivers.

b.

They created a commercial avenue that directly linked Scandinavia and the Baltic to Baghdad.

c.

They lost their military strength when crushed by Charlemagne at L’Anse aux Meadows.

d.

They quickly abandoned their warlike ethos and adopted settled agriculture once they arrived in Europe.

a.

Greek Orthodoxy did not support the divine origins of Jesus.

b.

Greek Orthodoxy did not pursue missions and proselytizing outside of Constantinople.

c.

Greek Orthodoxy held that Jesus did not become mortal to atone for humanity’s sins, but instead to facilitate the transformation of humans into divine beings.

d.

Greek Orthodoxy avowed that Jerusalem, not Rome, was the center of Christianity.