Chapter 9: Net Widening and Social Control

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. What was the goal of the Scared Straight program?

A. to rehabilitate juveniles

B. to incapacitate juveniles

C. to deter juveniles

D. to institutionalize juveniles

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Scared Straight

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Which term refers to the increase in the number of people having contact with the criminal justice system as the unintentional result of a new practice?

A. net widening

B. human capital

C. asset forfeiture

D. diversion

Learning Objective: 9-1: Explain the concept of net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Net Widening?

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Which type of nets are created by reforms that increase the proportion of subgroups in society differentiated by factors such as age, sex, class, and ethnicity?

A. stronger nets

B. wide nets

C. new nets

D. narrow nets

Learning Objective: 9-1: Explain the concept of net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Net Widening?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. ______ are the result of reforms that increase the state’s capacity to control individuals through intensifying state interventions.

A. Narrow nets

B. Wide nets

C. Stronger nets

D. New nets

Learning Objective: 9-1: Explain the concept of net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Net Widening?

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Nets that are created by reforms that transfer intervention authority or jurisdiction from one agency or control system to another are referred to as ______.

A. stronger nets

B. narrow nets

C. wide nets

D. new nets

Learning Objective: 9-1: Explain the concept of net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Net Widening?

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Diversion programs have been widely implemented for offenders, such as those who ______.

A. are serving long-term sentences

B. have mental health disorders

C. are waived from juvenile to adult court

D. have recidivated more than once

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diversion Programs and Net Widening

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Which of the following individuals is more likely to be diverted away from conviction and incarceration?

A. a murderer

B. a juvenile delinquent

C. a parolee

D. a third striker

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion Programs and Net Widening

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. Formalizing criminal justice practices that used to be informal is an example of how diversion programs ______.

A. weakened the nets

B. strengthened the nets

C. narrowed the nets

D. eliminated the nets

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Diversion Programs and Net Widening

Difficulty Level: Hard

9. ______ capital consists of skills such as reading, writing, critical thinking, engineering a software, and so on.

A. Social

B. Human

C. Financial

D. Physical

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Loss of Human Capital

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. According to the text, ______ are crucial in acquiring human capital.

A. education and training

B. family and friends

C. religion and culture

D. politics and the economy

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Loss of Human Capital

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which type of policing, identified in the chapter, describes a type of policing that targets highly visible crimes?

A. inconvenience

B. quality-of-life

C. predictive

D. problem-oriented

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following sets of theories best aligns with quality-of-life policing?

A. differential association theory and social learning theory

B. routine activities theory and anomie theory

C. broken windows theory and deterrence theory

D. general strain theory and social bond theory

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Which theory purports that physical decay, such as loitering and beat-up cars, can lead to disorder and the decline of the livability of a city?

A. broken windows theory

B. social learning theory

C. social disorganization theory

D. routine activities theory

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which theory argues that people seek to satisfy their own desires regardless of the costs and pain they may cause for others?

A. differential association theory

B. broken windows theory

C. deterrence theory

D. social disorganization theory

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Which theory argues for punishments that are swift, certain, and proportionate to the crime?

A. broken windows theory

B. deterrence theory

C. social bond theory

D. routine activities theory

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. In a study on marijuana possession and use in New York City, participants reported using differences spaces, referred to as “The Cut.” Which of the following is an example of one of those spaces?

A. bathrooms

B. rooftops

C. kitchens

D. bedrooms

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Hard

17. Which of the following allows police to seize property of a person if they believe that the property was used in the commission of a crime and was purchased with money obtained through criminal behavior?

A. search warrant

B. production order

C. civil asset forfeiture

D. stop and frisk

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following statements pertaining to civil asset forfeiture is true?

A. The person has to carry the legal costs of any appeals to have property returned.

B. The person has to have been convicted of a crime.

C. The person has to have been charged by a prosecutor.

D. The person has to give law enforcement permission to take the items.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Hard

19. The Asset Forfeiture program is under which federal department?

A. Department of the Treasury

B. Department of State

C. Department of Justice

D. Department of Defense

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. Who is more likely to be targeted by asset forfeiture and/or asset recovery?

A. shoplifters

B. money launderers

C. pickpockets

D. burglars

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Hard

21. Which of the following was identified as a goal of asset forfeiture?

A. rehabilitation

B. incapacitation

C. retribution

D. restoration

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

22. Asset forfeiture provides funds that are necessary for ______.

A. incapacitation

B. restoration

C. deterrence

D. restitution

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. Asset forfeiture allows the government to seize property at which stage of the criminal justice process?

A. prior to a conviction

B. after release

C. at sentencing

D. during imprisonment

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. Forfeiture is carried out by the government, thus removing the burden from who?

A. victim

B. prosecutor

C. offender

D. judge

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. In Timbs v. Indiana (2019), the U.S. Supreme Court challenged the legality of civil asset forfeiture from offenders who were arrested for which of the following crimes?

A. corporate fraud

B. embezzlement

C. drug dealing

D. money laundering

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: In Defense of Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The term human capital is often used in the context of diversion programs such as drug courts.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Explain the concept of net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: What Is Net Widening?

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The intention of diversion programs is to divert offenders away from conviction and incarceration.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diversion Programs and Net Widening

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Net widening has often been criticized for drawing more people into the criminal justice system.

Learning Objective: 9-1: Explain the concept of net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: What Is Net Widening?

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Diversion programs have widened the net of people drawn into the criminal justice system.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diversion Programs and Net Widening

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Incarcerating low-level offenders is costly and wastes human capital.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Loss of Human Capital

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. According to broken windows theory, the most effective way to prevent crime is to deter people’s behavior with punishments that are swift, certain, and proportionate to the crime.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. “The Cut” refers to spaces (in-between, indoor–outdoor, and controlled public spaces) where participants of Elliott et al.’s study smoked marijuana.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Deterrence theory argues that residents avoid places with obvious signs of disorder because it instills a sense of fear of crime.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. One of the goals of asset forfeiture is to punish offenders by depriving them of the fruit of their crime.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Property that can be seized in a civil asset forfeiture includes money, cars, and houses.

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Easy

Essay

1. Discuss the goals of diversion programs.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Diversion Programs and Net Widening

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Explain how group stigma negatively effects community policing.

Learning Objective: 9-2: Explain the connection between diversion programs and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Group Stigma

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Identify and discuss the theories that guide quality-of-life policing.

Learning Objective: 9-3: Describe the purpose of quality of life policing and its impact on net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Quality-of-Life Policing

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What are the goals of the asset forfeiture program?

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Civil Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Discuss the Black Asphalt Electronic Networking and Notification System. Are there any concerns with using the system?

Learning Objective: 9-4: Asset forfeiture statutes and net widening.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Stop and Seize: The Practice of Asset Forfeiture

Difficulty Level: Medium