Ch.8 The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Full Test Bank 8e

Basic Biomechanics, 8e (Hall)

Chapter 8 The Biomechanics of the Human Lower Extremity

1) The hip joint is the articulation between the ________ and the ________.

A) femur; acetabulum

B) femur; spine

C) femur; tibia

D) none of these answers is correct

2) Which of the following is not true about pelvic girdle movements?

A) position the acetabulum favorably for femoral movement

B) occur in all 3 planes

C) occur around the lumbosacral joint

D) all of these answers are correct

3) Which of the following is not true about the hip joint?

A) triaxial

B) more stable than shoulder

C) several bursae present

D) all of these answers are correct

4) Which of the following is not a hamstring muscle?

A) semimembranosus

B) semitendinosus

C) biceps femoris

D) gluteus maximus

5) Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) The iliopsoas complex is the major flexor of the hip.

B) Two-joint muscles function more effectively at one joint when the position of the other joint stretches the muscle slightly.

C) Both the iliopsoas complex is the major flexor of the hip and two-joint muscles function more effectively at one joint when the position of the other joint stretches the muscle slightly.

D) None of these answers is correct.

6) Which of the following is/are two-joint muscle(s)?

A) rectus femoris

B) sartorius

C) pectineus

D) both rectus femoris and sartorius

E) all of these answers are correct

7) What is/are the purpose(s) of the patella?

A) increase the angle between the tendon and tibia

B) increase the mechanical advantage of the quadriceps

C) to protect the anterior aspect of the knee

D) all of these answers are correct

8) Which of the following muscles serves to "unlock" the knee from full extension?

A) plantaris

B) gracilis

C) popliteus

D) sartorius

9) Which knee ligament is most likely to be damaged from a lateral blow?

A) medial collateral

B) lateral collateral

C) anterior cruciate (ACL)

D) posterior cruciate

10) Which of the following inserts on the patella?

A) hamstrings

B) quadriceps

C) both hamstrings and quadriceps

D) none of these answers is correct

11) The anterior and posterior cruciate ligaments limit which type of knee motion?

A) knee hyperextension

B) forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension

C) lateral knee motion

D) both knee hyperextension and forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension

E) all of these answers are correct

12) Which of the following conditions must be met for rotation of the tibia relative to the femur?

A) the knee is not bearing weight

B) the knee is in flexion

C) the knee is in extension

D) both the knee is not bearing weight and the knee is in flexion

E) all of these answers are correct

13) Which of the following statements is/are true?

A) When the knee undergoes a significant amount of flexion, it is necessary for the femur to slide forward on the tibia in order to prevent its rolling off of the tibial plateau.

B) During extension, the femur must slide backwards on the tibia.

C) Both when the knee undergoes a significant amount of flexion, it is necessary for the femur to slide forward on the tibia in order to prevent its rolling off of the tibial plateau and during extension, the femur must slide backwards on the tibia.

D) None of these answers is correct.

14) Which of the following is the most common of all knee injuries?

A) rupture of the anterior cruciate ligament

B) rupture of the medial collateral ligament

C) tear of the lateral meniscus

D) tear of the medial meniscus

15) Which of the following is/are nonaxial joint(s)?

A) tarsometatarsal joint

B) intermetatarsal joint

C) subtalar joint

D) both tarsometatarsal joint and intermetatarsal joint

E) all of these answers are correct

16) Fractures in the ankle region occur most often to which of the following structures?

A) the lateral malleolus

B) the medial malleolus

C) the talus

D) none of these answers is correct

17) Which of the following characterizes a "bow-legged" condition?

A) femoral varus and tibial valgus

B) femoral valgus and tibial varus

C) both femoral varus and tibial valgus and femoral valgus and tibial varus

D) none of these answers is correct

18) Where is the weakest point of the femur?

A) head

B) neck

C) shaft

D) greater trochanter

19) Which of the following causes hip adduction?

A) adductor magnus

B) adductor longus

C) gracilis

D) both adductor magnus and adductor longus

E) all of these answers are correct

20) Which of the following causes hip abduction?

A) gluteus medius

B) gluteus minimus

C) gluteus maximus

D) both gluteus medius and gluteus minimus

E) all of these answers are correct

21) What is the largest and most complex joint in the body?

A) hip

B) shoulder

C) knee

D) ankle

22) The medial and lateral collateral ligaments limit which type of knee motion?

A) knee hyperextension

B) forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension

C) lateral knee motion

D) both knee hyperextension and forward and backward sliding of the femur on the tibia during knee flexion and extension

E) all of these answers are correct

23) Which of the following statements is true regarding ACL injuries?

A) occur more frequently in during player contact

B) occur more frequently during non-contact

C) occurrence is approximately equal between contact and non-contact

D) it is unknown whether contact or non-contact ACL injuries are more frequent

24) Which of the following statements is true regarding ACL injuries?

A) occur more frequently in women than in men

B) occur more frequently in men than in women

C) occurrence is approximately equal between men and women

D) frequency between men and women is sport specific

25) Patellofemoral pain syndrome is likely associated with what?

A) weakness of vastus medialis relative to vastus lateralis

B) weakness of vastus lateralis relative to vastus medialis

C) weakness of biceps femoris relative to semitendinosus

D) weakness of semitendinosus relative to biceps femoris

26) During walking, which of the following actions is combined to cause supination?

A) dorsiflexion, eversion, and abduction

B) dorsiflexion, inversion, and abduction

C) plantar flexion, inversion, and abduction

D) plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction

27) Symptoms of plantar fasciitis include which of the following?

A) pain in the arch

B) pain in the heel

C) pain on top of the foot

D) both pain in the arch and pain in the heel

E) all of these answers are correct

28) What is the anatomical name for the big toe?

A) pollicis

B) hallux

C) digiti maximi

D) digiti minimi

29) Posterior pelvic tilt positions the acetabulum in a more favorable position for which of the following hip movements?

A) flexion

B) hyperextension

C) abduction

D) adduction

30) Choose the term that describes the two hip bones plus the sacrum, which can be rotated forward, backward, and laterally to optimize positioning of the hip joint.

A) plantar fascia

B) popliteus

C) pronation

D) pelvic girdle

31) Choose the term that describes the cartilaginous discs located between the tibial and femoral condyles.

A) iliopsoas

B) iliotibial band

C) menisci

D) patellofemoral joint

32) Choose the term that describes the major ligaments that cross the medial and lateral aspects of the knee.

A) collateral ligaments

B) cruciate ligaments

C) hamstrings

D) iliopsoas

33) Choose the term that describes the thick, strong band of tissue connecting the tensor fascia lata to the lateral condyle of the femur and the lateral tuberosity of the tibia.

A) iliotibial band

B) menisci

C) patellofemoral joint

D) pelvic girdle

34) Choose the term that describes the muscle known as the unlocker of the knee because its action is lateral rotation of the femur with respect to the tibia.

A) popliteus

B) pronation

C) Q-angle

D) supination

35) Choose the term that describes the thick bands of fascia that cover the plantar aspect of the foot.

A) popliteus

B) pronation

C) plantar fascia

D) supination

36) Choose the term that describes the combined conditions of plantar flexion, inversion, and adduction.

A) supination

B) tibiofemoral joint

C) valgus

D) varus

37) Choose the term that describes the condition of inward deviation in alignment from the proximal to the distal end of a body segment.

A) supination

B) tibiofemoral joint

C) valgus

D) varus

38) The lower extremity is well structured for its functions of weight ________ and ________.

39) The three hamstring muscles are ________ ________, ________, and ________.

40) Supination of the foot combines the motions of ________, ________, and ________ ________.

41) A condition of inward deviation in alignment from the proximal to the distal end of a segment is called ________.

42) List the four major ligaments of the knee, describe the location of each and explain the role each one plays in providing stability to the joint.

43) Describe iliotibial band friction syndrome, including affected area, symptoms and probable causes.

44) Discuss anterior cruciate ligament injuries, including probable causes, most commonly affected persons, symptoms and treatment options.

45) List and describe at three common overuse injuries of the lower extremity, including symptoms, probably causes and treatment options.

46) List and describe the four quadriceps muscles, including location, actions, and possible injury implications in the case of imbalance.

47) Hamstring strains typically occur during the eccentric contraction phase of gait.

48) Hip fractures among the elderly greatly increase the risk of death.

49) Osteoarthritis can cause a spontaneous meniscal tear.

50) High body mass is not associated with osteoarthritis.

51) Excessive tightness of the iliotibial band can cause maltracking of the patella.