Ch.7 Work, Leisure, And Media Test Questions & Answers

Adolescence, 12e (Steinberg)

Chapter 7 Work, Leisure, and Media

1) Over the last 50 years, the amount of time adolescents devote to ________ has declined significantly.

A) school

B) paid jobs

C) using media

D) leisure activities

2) Today's teenagers spend the most hours

A) on schoolwork.

B) with family members.

C) on leisure activities.

D) working.

3) Which of the following led to an increase in free time for contemporary adolescents?

A) organized youth movements

B) compulsory schooling

C) the spread of the Internet

D) the invention of the teenager

4) Which of the following adolescents is most likely to be well adjusted?

A) Joaquin, who spends most of his free time studying

B) Casey, who spends most of her free time with her friends

C) Gamba, who spends most of his free time on the computer

D) Pimchan, who spends most of her free time at her after-school job

5) What is the best way to conceptualize adolescents' free time?

A) Adolescents' free time is best thought of as a "zero sum" phenomenon, whereby involvement in one activity displaces involvement in another.

B) There appear to be adolescents who have small time commitments across many different activities and others who commit substantial time to only one pursuit.

C) There appear to be two groups of adolescents: those who have substantial time commitments to many types of activity and others who are nonparticipants.

D) There appear to be adolescents who have substantial time commitments across many activities, adolescents who focus on one type of activity, and adolescents who do not participate in any activities.

6) The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs has decreased over the past two decades. Which of the following is an explanation for this?

A) Parental expectations have changed, and parents no longer feel it is necessary for teenagers to work.

B) Fewer and fewer high school graduates are seeking college admission.

C) The recession during the first decade of the twenty-first century left many adults without jobs.

D) So many teenagers want part-time jobs that there is too much competition for too few jobs.

7) Approximately how many of today's teenagers will have worked an after-school job before graduating high school?

A) about 1 in 4

B) about half

C) less than 1 in 10

D) more than half

8) Which of the following characteristics of the retail and service industries contributed to the rise in adolescent employment during the second half of the 20th century?

A) the unpredictability of these industries

B) an abundance of low-wage positions

C) the high turnover rate preferred by these employers

D) the reluctance to hire adults

9) The proportion of American high school students holding part-time jobs

A) dropped dramatically during the 1970s.

B) has decreased during the last 30 years.

C) increased dramatically during the first decade of the twenty-first century.

D) has increased during the last 30 years.

10) Which of the following is a reason that after-school jobs became less attractive to teenagers during the recession of the first decade of the twenty-first century?

A) Teenagers already had enough money to purchase the things that interested them.

B) New technologies increased the number of attractive and inexpensive leisure options available.

C) Teenagers preferred to spend more time with friends and going out on dates.

D) Teenagers began spending longer hours in school.

11) Compared to other times in recent history, how many adolescents have after-school jobs today?

A) Fewer adolescents have after-school jobs today than in recent history.

B) More adolescents have after-school jobs today than at any time in recent history.

C) The proportion of adolescents who have after-school jobs has been relatively stable for the last four or five decades.

D) The proportion of adolescents who have after-school jobs has varied widely.

12) Who is more likely to hold a part-time job during high school?

A) Gino, an Italian adolescent

B) Ha-joon, a Korean adolescent

C) Hope, a Japanese adolescent

D) Selena, an American adolescent

13) Generally speaking, why are part-time jobs for adolescents less common in Japan and Korea than in the United States?

A) Schoolwork is more demanding of teenagers' time in Japan and Korea.

B) Teenagers spend more time engaged in sports and other activities in Japan and Korea.

C) Teenagers having jobs is frowned upon in Japan and Korea.

D) Japan and Korea are not as industrialized as the United States.

14) Older students are more likely to hold ________ jobs than are younger students.

A) formal

B) informal

C) child care

D) agricultural

15) What kind of job is an eighth grader most likely to have?

A) babysitting

B) a farm or agricultural job

C) store clerk or salesperson

D) fast-food worker

16) Ryan did a survey at his middle school of the most common after-school jobs for the eighth-grade class. What are his results likely to say?

A) movie theater usher and nurses' aide

B) babysitting and lawn work

C) fast-food worker and clothing store cashier

D) receptionist and paper carrier

17) Jasmine is a high school senior. Which of the following jobs is she most likely to have?

A) food server at a restaurant

B) babysitter

C) gardener

D) housekeeper

18) Overall, the greatest number of working high school students are employed in

A) construction and manual labor.

B) service and retail establishments.

C) offices and other clerical settings.

D) factories and manufacturing plants.

19) Parker, a senior in high school, is looking for a job. What type of job is he most likely to end up with?

A) stock clerk in a retail store

B) fast-food worker

C) pizza delivery driver

D) babysitter

20) According to the textbook, in general, how does employment affect adolescent development?

A) Working helps adolescents develop a sense of responsibility and prepares them for the transition to adulthood.

B) Working interferes with other activities, such as school.

C) Working promotes the development of undesirable behaviors, such as drug and alcohol use.

D) The question of how adolescents are affected by working depends on the nature of the job.

21) Which of the following is true of most adolescents' jobs?

A) They encourage adolescents to behave independently.

B) They require challenging decision making.

C) They seldom require the skills taught in school.

D) They involve careful instruction from supervisors.

22) Overall, teenagers are least likely to comment that their jobs

A) are tedious.

B) offer good learning experiences.

C) provide opportunities to exercise responsibility.

D) pay well.

23) Research assessing adolescent work experiences found

A) adolescents have little opportunity to interact with other adolescents on the job.

B) adolescents often form close relationships with the adults with whom they work.

C) high rates of misconduct on the job among adolescent workers.

D) adolescents find it easier to talk about their problems with adults other than their parents.

24) Which of the following statements about adolescent employment is supported by research?

A) Working builds character, teaches adolescents about the "real world," and helps them prepare for adult responsibilities.

B) The benefits of working during adolescence are mostly related to money management.

C) Intensive employment during the school year may be detrimental to adolescent development.

D) Adolescent employment offers valuable training for adult jobs.

25) Lisa is a high-school student who earns approximately $300 a month from her part-time job. She is most likely to spend the money on

A) family necessities.

B) leisure activities.

C) household expenses.

D) college expenses.

26) Which of the following is an adolescent the least likely to spend their job earnings on?

A) higher education

B) designer clothing

C) household expenses

D) saving for a car

27) Adolescents who work more than 20 hours weekly are less likely than their peers to

A) participate in extracurricular activities.

B) drop out of high school.

C) be absent from school.

D) be disengaged from school.

28) Ruben works over 20 hours a week during the school year and Marianne does not work at all. Ruben, compared to Marianne, is more likely to

A) become more socially responsible.

B) know how to manage his money better.

C) drop out of school.

D) abstain from drug and alcohol use.

29) Which of the following is associated with adolescents who work?

A) greater absences from school

B) greater enjoyment of school

C) more time spent on homework

D) earning higher grades

30) Which of the following has been found to be a characteristic of adolescents who work more than 20 hours per week?

A) a lower likelihood of cheating

B) more effective time management

C) more involvement in extracurricular activities

D) taking less demanding classes

31) When large numbers of students in a particular school work, how does this affect the schoolwork of their fellow students who do not have jobs?

A) They become jealous of their working peers' affluence.

B) The quality of their education suffers because many teachers lower classroom expectations.

C) They develop similar problem behaviors, such as cheating and losing interest in school.

D) They are not generally affected.

32) Chathura is an adolescent who works long hours on weekends and after school. Research suggests that Chathura is more likely to ________ than his nonworking peers.

A) develop a strong sense of responsibility

B) have a girlfriend

C) engage in minor delinquency

D) have a good relationship with his parents

33) Amari is a teenager who works long hours. According to the research presented in the textbook, Amari is most likely to increase in which of the following?

A) aggression

B) self-control

C) positive mood

D) cooperation with her parents

34) Many studies find that rates of smoking, drinking, and drug use are higher among teenage workers than nonworkers, especially among students who

A) make less money than their peers.

B) also participate in athletics.

C) choose to work long hours.

D) are involved in many extracurricular activities.

35) Which of the following adolescents is most likely to use alcohol and drugs during his or her late 20s?

A) 15-year-old Caesar, who works 24 hours per week at a fast-food restaurant

B) 17-year-old Kayla, who works 16 hours per week at a bookstore

C) 18-year-old Nombeko, who works 5 hours per week at a clothing store

D) 15-year-old Palani, who does not have an after-school job

36) Pam is a 16-year-old who smokes marijuana every weekend. Based on this information, which of the following most likely describes Pam's work experience?

A) Pam is unemployed.

B) Pam works long hours.

C) Pam dislikes her job.

D) Pam's job is not very stressful.

37) Which of the following teenagers is most likely to benefit from having a job?

A) 14-year-old Garvesh, who lives in a poor neighborhood and has a history of delinquency

B) 17-year-old Daciana, who lives with her single mother in a poor, urban neighborhood

C) 18-year-old Zion, who skips school frequently and lives in a middle-class neighborhood

D) 15-year-old Ruolan, who drinks alcohol and lives in a middle-class neighborhood

38) Which of the following statements accurately describes the experience sampling method?

A) Adolescents' parents provide feedback on their children's moods and activities during the day.

B) Adolescents self-report on their moods and activities multiple times during the day.

C) Adolescents come up with explanations for their moods.

D) Adolescents evaluate their overall mood at the end of the day.

39) The experience sampling method involves

A) observing individuals in their natural setting.

B) witnessing change in the makeup of the population.

C) subjects carrying electronic devices and reporting their moods when prompted.

D) researchers becoming participants during their observations.

40) Elise is dancing to her favorite song on the radio when her smartphone beeps. Elise pulls out a notebook and records her current emotional state. This type of data collection is called

A) ethnography.

B) participant observation.

C) the experience sampling method.

D) demography.

41) Adolescents tend to report their least positive moods when they are

A) with friends.

B) working.

C) with their family.

D) alone.

42) Studies that use the experience sampling method have investigated whether adolescents' moods vary as a function of whom they are with and whether this connection between mood and companionship changes with age. What are the primary results of these studies?

A) In general, adolescents' moods are most positive when they are with their friends, least positive when they are alone, and somewhere in between when they are with their family.

B) Between grades 5 and 9, adolescents' moods while with friends become more negative on average, whereas their moods while with their family tend to first become more positive, then more negative.

C) In general, adolescents' moods are most negative when they are with their friends, most positive when they are with family, and somewhere in between when they are alone.

D) Between grades 5 and 9, adolescents' moods while with family become more positive on average, whereas their moods while with their friends tend to first become more negative, then more positive.

43) Typically, adolescents' moods while with their families become more negative between

A) elementary and middle school.

B) fall and spring semesters.

C) middle and high school

D) high school and college.

44) Research indicates that, for an adolescent, spending unsupervised time after school with friends is most problematic when the

A) friends frequently lie to their parents.

B) adolescent is in a romantic relationship.

C) adolescent is easily susceptible to peer pressure.

D) adolescent is involved in a structured activity.

45) When is delinquency most common?

A) weekdays during school hours

B) weekday afternoons

C) weekend nights

D) weekend afternoons

46) Neville comes from a working-class family that lives in a run-down neighborhood in a major city. Lately, his parents have been urging him to join his school's soccer team. They are most likely motivated to do this

A) because they want Neville to have a better relationship with his teachers.

B) because of their own strong connections to the school athletic program.

C) in the hopes that it will help Neville get into a good college.

D) out of a desire to keep Neville out of trouble after school.

47) Which of the following is most likely to deter adolescents from delinquent behavior?

A) adult supervision

B) peer pressure

C) unstructured leisure time

D) a part-time job

48) Expanding opportunities for adolescents to get involved in athletics, drama group, or other structured extracurricular activities is associated with which of the following outcomes for participants?

A) greater exposure to danger

B) enhanced psychological well-being and social status

C) higher stress and compromised mental health

D) increased likelihood that participants will drop out of school

49) Which of the following groups is most likely to be involved in extracurricular activities?

A) youth from poorer families

B) students from larger schools

C) youth who earn better grades

D) youth from more urban communities

50) The combination of high levels of both concentration and interest at the same time is called

A) extracurricular activities.

B) a flow experience.

C) relaxation and rejuvenation.

D) a structured leisure activity.

51) Which of the following statements about extracurricular participation is true?

A) Students who are highly involved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to stay highly involved throughout high school.

B) Though popular activities are likely to remain popular during all four years of high school, the specific participants who choose to become involved in these activities is likely to undergo frequent changes.

C) Students who are uninvolved in extracurricular activities at the beginning of high school are likely to become highly involved by the end of high school.

D) Extracurricular overscheduling of youth creates pressures that compromise adolescents' mental health.

52) Ivan, a teenager, is most likely to experience high levels of concentration and interest when he is

A) with his friends.

B) in school.

C) playing sports.

D) watching television.

53) Chao has been involved in minor delinquent behavior. To curb this type of behavior, Chao's parents should

A) encourage Chao to get a full-time job.

B) encourage Chao to get a part-time job.

C) enroll Chao in a larger school.

D) enroll Chao in a school-sponsored extracurricular activity.

54) The most popular type of extracurricular activity is

A) athletics.

B) music.

C) academic clubs.

D) occupational clubs.

55) Which of the following types of extracurricular activities are most popular among adolescents?

A) music-related and academic-related

B) craft-related and drama-related

C) drama-related and music-related

D) craft-related and academic-related

56) Javier has the choice of several after-school activities. Statistically, he is the most likely to choose

A) music.

B) science.

C) athletics.

D) a job.

57) Dr. Eckert is studying how participation in extracurricular activities affects adolescents in disadvantaged neighborhoods. What is she likely to discover?

A) Participation in extracurricular activities makes adolescents over-scheduled and increases their stress levels.

B) Participation in extracurricular activities is detrimental to students' school performance and increases their likelihood of dropping out.

C) Participation in extracurricular activities deters delinquency and can help protect adolescents from exposure to violence.

D) Participation in extracurricular activities causes poor youth to be ostracized by their peers and is detrimental to their psychological well-being.

58) Which of the following adolescents is most likely to engage in violent behavior?

A) Jenness, who is involved in student government and her school's tennis team

B) Luis, who is a member of his school's drama club but is not involved in other extracurricular activities

C) Cooper, who is on his school's football team but is not involved in other extracurricular activities

D) Aniyah, who is on her school's track team and debate team

59) According to the routine activity theory, which of the following is a major contributing factor to adolescent delinquency?

A) a lack of structured leisure activities

B) lower-than-average intelligence

C) extracurricular activities

D) media usage

60) Which of the following teenagers is most likely to engage in problem behaviors?

A) Xenia, who goes to the mall with her friends after school

B) Ekene, who is home alone after school

C) Fadel, who plays on the high school baseball team after school

D) Keegan, whose best friend's mother supervises him and his friends after school

61) Which of the following is recommended for parents who leave their adolescents in self-care after school?

A) Allow their adolescent free, unstructured time after school.

B) Have their adolescent check in with an adult as soon as he or she gets home.

C) Have their adolescent spend time out in public, rather than at home.

D) Encourage their adolescent to have friends come over for study sessions.

62) Stephanie, an adolescent who engages in self-care after school is likely to ________ than adolescents who are supervised by adults after school.

A) be more socially isolated and more depressed

B) become sexually active later in life

C) be involved in fewer problem behaviors

D) use less drugs and alcohol

63) An important limitation of studies of youth in self-care is that

A) self-care youths are a difficult sample to recruit.

B) there are important differences between the possible after-school arrangements for adolescents in this group.

C) parents rarely agree to allow their teenagers to participate in research studies.

D) self-care youths are prone to dropping out of research studies.

64) Adolescents are more likely to be home unsupervised if they

A) come from a poor family.

B) live in rural areas.

C) are White.

D) live far from their school.

65) Which of the following youth activities bears a striking resemblance to the stated goals of positive youth development programs?

A) after-school part-time jobs

B) the Boys and Girls Clubs of America

C) school-sponsored athletic activities

D) after-school study groups

66) In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, what does competence mean?

A) a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas

B) an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy

C) positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

D) respect for societal and cultural rules

67) In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, what does confidence mean?

A) a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas

B) an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy; global self-regard

C) positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

D) respect for societal and cultural rules

68) In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, what does connection mean?

A) a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas

B) an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy

C) positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

D) respect for societal and cultural rules

69) In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, what does character mean?

A) a positive view of one's actions in domain-specific areas

B) an internal sense of overall positive self-worth and self-efficacy

C) positive bonds with people and institutions that are reflected in bidirectional exchanges

D) respect for societal and cultural rules

70) In the Five Cs model of positive youth development, which "C" stands for a sense of sympathy and empathy for others?

A) character

B) connection

C) caring/compassion

D) competence

71) Drawing on research that shows that certain extracurricular activities benefit adolescents and research showing the potential dangers of leaving adolescents unsupervised after school, some experts have argued that well-designed programs will not only deter problem behavior but also encourage youth to develop strengths. This emphasis on developing strengths is known as

A) pro-bono youth development.

B) preventative youth development.

C) cultivating decent youths.

D) positive youth development.

72) Which of the following has been shown to be a key component of what makes a positive youth development program successful?

A) the extent to which participants are placed in demanding roles

B) the extent to which participants are having fun

C) the length of time participants are in the program each day

D) how invested participants' parents are in the program's success

73) Which of the following is an example of new media?

A) television

B) recorded music

C) online videos

D) movies

74) What proportion of American households has at least one television?

A) Virtually all American households have at least one TV.

B) Except for adolescents who live in low-income homes, the majority of American households have at least one TV.

C) More than 50% of American households have at least one TV.

D) Virtually all middle-class and upper-class households have a TV, and about 50% of lower-income families have a TV.

75) The highest levels of media use are reported by

A) teenagers from low-income families.

B) older adolescents.

C) White adolescents.

D) male teenagers.

76) The three dominant theories concerning the media's impact on adolescent development today include which of the following?

A) the media saturation theory

B) the routine activity theory

C) the uses and gratifications approach

D) the flow experience

77) Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the idea that media shape adolescents' interests, motives, and beliefs about the world?

A) uses and gratifications approach

B) cultivation theory

C) media practice model

D) routine activity theory

78) While adolescents are estimated to use media for 9 hours a day, it is likely this is an understatement because

A) smartphone usage is usually not included in these estimates.

B) adolescents are often not fully aware of how much they are using media.

C) adolescents are known to frequently lie to investigators about their media use.

D) these estimates do not account for media multitasking.

79) The average American adolescent sends ________ text messages a day.

A) 20 or fewer

B) about 50

C) about 70

D) more than 200

80) One tremendous problem in interpreting studies of media use and adolescent development is that

A) it is extremely difficult to disentangle cause and effect.

B) media is difficult to define.

C) the type of media that adolescents use changes rapidly.

D) adolescents are very secretive about their media use.

81) Which of the following adolescents is at risk of developing compulsive Internet use?

A) Paola, who does well socially and academically, but plays violent video games on her Xbox for fun

B) Jonas, who is aggressive with his peers and plays online video games as an escape

C) Charlotte, who plays sports video games on her PlayStation for two hours every day

D) Nayath, who plays problem-solving games online for an hour every day

82) Research evaluating media messages about sex and drugs finds that

A) these messages have a strong impact on adolescents' behavior.

B) repeated exposure to these messages is likely to have an effect on adolescent attitudes and beliefs.

C) although the messages may be somewhat negative, they tend to be relatively accurate.

D) although their attitudes may differ, adolescents and adults have similar interpretations of these messages.

83) Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the fact that adolescents choose the media to which they are exposed?

A) uses and gratifications approach

B) cultivation theory

C) media practice model

D) routine activity theory

84) Which theory of media's impact emphasizes the reciprocal link between adolescents' preferences and their media exposure and that adolescents not only choose what they are exposed to but interpret the media in ways that shape their impact?

A) uses and gratifications approach

B) cultivation theory

C) media practice model

D) routine activity theory

85) Research investigating media "effects" on adolescent development has a hard time ruling out the possibility of spurious causation, which means that

A) two things can go hand in hand.

B) the second thing is actually causing the first thing (not the reverse).

C) there is no statistically significant relation.

D) the correlation between two things is due to the fact that each of them is correlated with a third factor.

86) Research suggests that exposure to sexual media most clearly affects adolescents'

A) sexual behavior.

B) relationships with friends.

C) attitudes and beliefs.

D) school performance.

87) Which of the following is a common message that the media conveys about sex?

A) Unprotected sex can have serious consequences.

B) Women are sex objects.

C) Sex is a defining aspect of femininity.

D) Sex is appropriate in a loving, respectful relationship.

88) Why is it hard to know whether exposure to messages about drinking and smoking actually change adolescents' behaviors?

A) Adolescents underestimate their behavior when it comes to alcohol and tobacco use.

B) Research has found little correlation between smoking in media and adolescent smoking behavior.

C) Preexisting values, beliefs, and expectations influence what adolescents perceive, what they pay attention to, and what they remember.

D) Alcohol, drugs, and tobacco are present in almost all media that adolescents consume; therefore, it is difficult to pinpoint their effects.

89) What has research on the exposure of adolescents to violent imagery on TV found?

A) There is no correlation between violent imagery on TV and aggressive behavior in adolescents.

B) Exposure to violent imagery on TV is linked to heightened sensitization to the effects of violence.

C) Exposure to TV violence in childhood is linked to aggressive behavior in adolescence.

D) TV exposure to violence has a greater influence on adolescents than family or community experiences.

90) Which set of research findings was used in the Supreme Court case of Brown v. Entertainment Merchants (2010), which was a case that debated whether banning the sale of violent video games to minors was unconstitutional?

A) Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games does not make adolescents more aggressive.

B) Careful studies have indicated that playing violent video games indeed makes adolescents more aggressive.

C) Putting labels on games to alert adolescents and their parents to violent content effectively restricts the sale of violent games.

D) There is a causal relation between playing violent video games and being arrested for an assault.

91) Alcohol and drugs are present in about ________% of prime-time network dramatic programs.

A) 25

B) 45

C) 75

D) 85

92) What is a scientifically valid concern regarding adolescents' media use?

A) Adolescents who use the Internet for socializing are at a high risk of being the victim of unwanted sexual attention.

B) Adolescents who frequently use the Internet experience detrimental effects on their mental health.

C) The amount of time adolescents spend watching TV and playing video games is inversely linked to the amount of time they spend in physical activity.

D) The increased time spent on the Internet has had a negative effect on adolescents' social development and relationships.

93) Approximately what percentage of teens who are online use social media?

A) 50%

B) 60%

C) 80%

D) 95%

94) Social media's effect on an adolescent's self-image depends on which of the following factors?

A) how much time the adolescent spends using social media

B) the adolescent's relationship with his or her parents

C) how many different social media platforms the adolescent uses

D) how many or few friends the adolescent already has

95) Which of the following statements accurately describes how social media affects adolescents' moods?

A) When adolescents get feedback on social media, their moods are usually worse.

B) When adolescents find support, they feel better; when they get negative feedback, they feel worse.

C) Adolescents who care little about popularity are likely to experience fear of missing out (FOMO).

D) Frequent messaging with close friends can lead to feelings of depression.

96) Which of the following exemplifies the type of adolescent social media usage that studies have found to have a positive effect?

A) Maximo and his best friend message each other online while watching videos.

B) Shaheena uses Facebook to follow the activities of her local city council.

C) Chenoa frequently solicits advice from her online friends about her style, activities, and problems.

D) Elias exchanges messages frequently with a number of casual acquaintances.

97) Helena is a fourteen-year-old who uses social media very frequently. She is very concerned about her popularity and spends a lot of time thinking about her online relationships. Helena is relatively likely to

A) exhibit a high level of fear of missing out.

B) have her online friendships displace her in-person friendships.

C) engage in sexting.

D) develop social anxiety.

98) Overall, what is social media's impact on teenagers?

A) Social media has an overall negative impact on teenagers.

B) The impact of social media on teenagers depends on several different factors.

C) The impact of social media on teenagers is positive overall.

D) Social media positively influences mental health but negatively influences physical health.

99) Which adolescent is most likely to form a close online relationship with a stranger?

A) Arthur, who frequently watches online pornography

B) Ayanna, who spends the majority of her free time on her computer or smartphone

C) Jeannette, who fights with her parents frequently and has high levels of anxiety

D) Momoko, who keeps in touch with her friends mainly through social media

100) Which of the following statements about adolescents' social communication on the Internet is most supported by scientific research?

A) Adolescents' online friendships are likely to displace in-person friendships.

B) Most adolescents use the Internet to communicate with people that they have never met or that they do not see in person.

C) Many adolescents have both positive and negative experiences while socializing on the Internet.

D) The majority of adolescents have not seen someone post something mean about someone else on the Internet.

101) What percentage of American adolescents have sent a photo featuring naked breasts, genitals, or buttocks to a peer?

A) 5%

B) 20%

C) between 40% and 50%

D) more than 75%

102) The teenagers most likely to engage in sexting are those who also

A) spend excessive amounts of time online.

B) watch large amounts of television.

C) have difficulty establishing romantic relationships.

D) engage in other risky behaviors.

103) Which of the following examples of sexting would be most likely to lead to police action?

A) Kaito, a 13-year-old, sends a nude picture of himself to his friend Veronica, a 14-year-old.

B) Delilah, a 15-year-old, sends a nude photo of herself to her 17-year-old girlfriend, Carrie.

C) At the request of her 21-year-old friend, Dave, 16-year-old Greta sends him a nude photo of herself.

D) After being dumped by Marie, his 16-year-old girlfriend, Rodrigo, who is also 16, sends a nude photo of her to his high-school friends.

104) Which of the following adolescents is showing signs of compulsive Internet use (CIU) or Internet addiction?

A) Immanuel loves being online. He spends a few hours each day on his computer updating his social media, playing online games, and watching videos. He and his friends often watch online videos together when they hang out.

B) Violeta's father thinks she spends too much time online. He takes her smartphone away when she is home and limits her computer time to one hour. Although Violeta is annoyed by these restrictions, she enjoys spending more time on hobbies and socializing.

C) Mawar looks at her smartphone constantly. She is happiest when her posts get a lot of "likes" and depressed when she cannot be online. Mawar's mother is upset by this behavior and feels that Mawar only pays attention to her phone, not her family.

D) Oliver feels that his mood is worse when he spends too much time on social media. As a result, he mostly ignores his Facebook feed and rarely posts on Twitter. However, he frequently uses messaging applications to keep in touch with his friends.

105) Seventeen-year-old Chloe has an Internet addition. Which of the following symptoms is an example of "salience" as it pertains to Internet addiction?

A) Chloe values her time on social media more highly than her other activities. She checks her smartphone throughout the school-day and is constantly online at home. She spends more time on social media than on homework or with friends.

B) Chloe is happiest when her social media posts receive a lot of positive attention. She gets upset when people pay little attention to her online or when she gets negative feedback on her posts.

C) Although Chloe checks her social media accounts often throughout the day, she feels lately that she needs more time online. She starts staying up late an hour later each night to be online longer.

D) One Saturday, Chloe's mother takes away her phone, and Chloe is inconsolable. She spends most of the day sleeping and watching television. She tells her mother than she feels depressed and anxious when she cannot be online.

106) Contrast the nature of free time for adolescents at the beginning of the twentieth century with that of free time for adolescents today. Explain the differences between the two time periods. Give an example of how a typical, well-adjusted, modern-day adolescent spends his or her time.

107) A legislator has introduced a bill that would allow adolescents in her state to hold after-school jobs but would limit the number of hours that adolescents can work in such jobs to no more than 10 hours per week. There is a group in the legislature who oppose the bill. These opponents argue that not only should adolescents be allowed to hold after-school jobs with no restrictions placed on hours worked per week, but that working 20 hours or more every week helps adolescents to build character. Based on what you know about employment and adolescent development, explain which of these positions you would support and why? Be sure to consider which position is likely to generate better outcomes for adolescents.

108) Anna's parents believe Anna has a lot of free time, and they would like to sign her up for some extracurricular activities. However, they are concerned that participation in these activities may lead to problem behavior and that overscheduling could place their daughter at risk for psychological stress and mental health problems. They are also worried that extracurricular participation could displace time spent doing homework and, as a result, could decrease her academic performance. They have asked you, the school psychologist, for advice. Based on current research into these issues, what would you tell Anna's parents?

109) Your neighborhood's Civic Association has asked you to talk to a group of parents who have expressed their concerns about leaving their teenagers home alone after school while the parents are still at work. You have been asked to address whether this is a serious issue and, if so, how parents can minimize these problems without having to give up their jobs. The Civic Association leaders have also asked you to discuss the quality of the research that has been done in this area. What do you tell the parents?

110) The local PTA has asked you to address their parents about the effects of media on adolescent development. They are most concerned with the effects of television and the Internet on their adolescents' well-being. Explain to these parents what you know about media in the home, the types of activities for which adolescents typically use the television and Internet, and the impact of sexual, drug-related, and violent messages and images on adolescents.

111) You are about to give a lecture to a group of parents about current research views on media exposure and adolescent development. You know that parents are concerned with understanding whether all media is bad for all adolescents, or what determines the effect that media messages and images will have on particular adolescents. Discuss the three major prevalent theories of media influence on adolescent development and give examples of each theory to illustrate its points.

112) The use of social networking websites, such as Facebook and Twitter, has become extremely prevalent among teenagers (as well as among adults). Describe how online friendships affect in-person relationships among adolescents. Analyze whether 15-year-old Calvin, who is popular at school and has many friends, is likely to be positively or negatively affected by social media use and explain why. Then explain how his less popular peers' experiences might differ.