Chapter 7: The Social-Environmental Context of Adulthood and Aging

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. The convoy of support is most likely found in which level of Brofenbrenner’s ecological approach?

A. mesosystem

B. microsystem

C. exosystem

D. macrosystem

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding and Describing the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How one connects home and school, or work and home would be an example of the ______.

A. mesosystem

B. microsystem

C. exosystem

D. macrosystem

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Understanding and Describing the Environment

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. An interaction between parents and children that results in a change would be labeled a ______.

A. current life circumstance

B. transaction

C. supportive exchange

D. mesosystem

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transactions With the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. All of the following are components of the transactional model EXCEPT ______.

A. professional press

B. adaptive behavior

C. affective responses

D. individual competence

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Person-Environment Interaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. When someone is pushed beyond their comfort zone, they may experience decreased positive affect. What is this an example of?

A. affective response

B. environmental press

C. degree of individual competence

D. adaptation level

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Person-Environment Interaction

Difficulty Level: Hard

6. All individuals have a collection of skills and abilities they possess. This might be best captured by the ______ component of transactional model.

A. degree of individual competence

B. adaptation level

C. affective response

D. environmental press

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Person-Environment Interaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. What does it mean to have an individual timeline?

A. There is no basis for an interaction between dimensions of influence.

B. We are completely influenced by our psychosocial circumstances.

C. There is little age-related impact on our behavior.

D. We have an age continuum that goes from birth to death.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adult Development in Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. The biological dimension of the individual timeline includes ______.

A. relationships with others

B. health and illness

C. attitudes towards aging

D. issues of work

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adult Development in Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Each point in history serves as a reference point in our ______ continuum.

A. contextual

B. interpersonal

C. cultural

D. historical

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adult Development in Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Many people select environments in which they best function. This represents the concept of ______.

A. developmental niche

B. environmental niche

C. social-personal fit

D. person–performance interaction

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developmental Niche

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. The dimensions or sectors of development (historical, interpersonal, contextual) ______ each other.

A. are the same as

B. separate from

C. overlap with

D. always interfere

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Adult Development in Context

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. For young adults, the lifestyle they develop will ______.

A. impact the decisions they make in the future

B. will not necessarily impact their future

C. has no impact on outcomes

D. require material support

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Establishing a Lifestyle

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Barriers to establishing intimacy in young adulthood may include all the following EXCEPT ______.

A. living in a rural area

B. being socially isolated

C. wishing to marry someone of a different ethnicity or race

D. having an easy work schedule

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Meeting One’s Needs for Intimacy

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. Work can impact all of the following EXCEPT ______.

A. the breadth of our friendships

B. our leisure activities

C. our educational status

D. our isolation from others

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Establishing a Career

Difficulty Level: Hard

15. What are some developmental tasks common in middle adulthood?

A. establishing intimate relationships, starting a career, and starting a family

B. managing a career, establishing intimate relationships, and starting a family

C. managing a career, raising children, and evaluating one’s marriage

D. managing a career, establishing intimate relationships, and raising children

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Developmental Tasks in Adulthood: Middle Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. What is role conflict?

A. contrasting demands of work versus family

B. demands of multiple roles exceed personal resources

C. meeting the demand of one role interferes with those in a competing role

D. a failure to perform duties as necessary

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Raising a Family

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Role overloaded with work and family can lead to what?

A. divorce

B. improved job performance

C. marital happiness

D. no change from baseline

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Raising a Family

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. The concept of “aging in place” ______.

A. lacks efforts to create a positive person–environment match

B. allows adults to be part of a community that allows them grow older in a familiar place

C. results in neglect of older adults

D. reduces activities like information sharing among neighbors

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Age-Friendly Communities

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. What is it called when we care for a parent out of genuine concern and love?

A. role reversal

B. role maturity

C. filial maturity

D. filial reversal

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generativity in Midlife

Difficulty Level: Easy

20. The majority of self-help groups ______.

A. are formal

B. are led by a trained facilitator

C. are extremely costly

D. foster a sense of belonging

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Other Interactions With the Social Environment in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. As a direct function of the Baby Boomer generation, the demands for social and medical services among older adults have increased.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Use of Medical and Social Services and Older Persons

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Single room occupancy hotels are often located in inner cities.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Housing in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. The chronosystem might include changes in family structure or place or residence.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Understanding and Describing the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The mesosystem refers to the everyday environment of home, school, work, or neighborhood.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Understanding and Describing the Environment

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. It is possible that the sociocultural context like the Recession of 2008-2009 and the election of Donald Trump will have a long-term impact on adults.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Person-Environment Interaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Choice of a niche will always increase the number of friends and improve family relationships.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Person-Environment Interaction

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Health concerns and where we live can be important to many individuals in later life.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Later Life

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Those individuals who do not think of their lives as a series of age-related stages will never experience social rejection.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Making Choices About Alternative Paths of Adult Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. One’s lifestyle includes life decisions, choices about role conflicts, demands, and skills.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Establishing a Lifestyle

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Age-, race-, and gender-based discrimination does not impact the availability of a particular career.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Therapies With Adults and Older Persons

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. What is role spillover?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Raising a Family

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. What are two typical developmental tasks in middle adulthood?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Developmental Tasks in Adulthood: Middle Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Describe two ways in which work can impact family.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Raising a Family

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What is generative caregiving?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Generativity in Midlife

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. What are two examples of ways that middle-aged adults may interact with their social environment?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Other Interactions With the Social Environment in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Describe what the chronosystem is and how it can impact our lives.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Understanding and Describing the Environment

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How might an individual change his or her environment and become involved in the community? How might this relate to person–environment fit?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Changing One’s Environment in Adulthood

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Compare and contrast three different housing options that can be used in later life.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Emotional Intelligence and Self-Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Imagine you had to design a living environment for individuals with dementia. What might you consider or adapt to improve the therapeutic potential of the environment?

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Housing in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. How can individuals manage the cost of long-term nursing home care?

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Housing in Later Life

Difficulty Level: Easy