Chapter 7: Media, Technology, and Government

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 1

1) In what year did the American Medical Association enlist Ronald Reagan to help fight President John F. Kennedy’s healthcare program?

Feedback: factual

a. 1963

b. 1981

c. 1980

d. 1961

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 2

2) During the healthcare debate in the early 1960s, Ronald Reagan made a record (on vinyl) that the American Medical Association sent (by mail) to

Feedback: applied

a. every member of Congress.

b. every member of the Senate.

c. every physician’s office.

d. every hospital.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 3

3) What did Ronald Reagan warn about healthcare reform in the early 1960s?

Feedback: applied

a. “One day we will awake to find that we have socialism.”

b. “One day we will awake to find that we have fascism.”

c. “One day we will awake to find that we have anarchy.”

d. “One day we will awake to find that we have communism.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 4

4) Congress turned down healthcare reform in the early 1960s, although four years later another version of the law was passed and is now known as

Feedback: factual

a. Medicaid.

b. food stamps.

c. Medicare.

d. disability insurance.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 5

5) The Health Insurance Association of American aired television ads opposing President Clinton’s health plan; they were known as the _______ ads.

Feedback: factual

a. Bill and Hillary

b. Ron and Nancy

c. Joe and Mary

d. Harry and Louise

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 6

6) What new tool did Donald Trump utilize in 2016 to air his views on government healthcare?

Feedback: applied

a. Twitter

b. Facebook

c. Instagram

d. Snapchat

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 7

7) _______ is all the ways people get information about politics and the wider world.

Feedback: conceptual

a. Twitter

b. Tumblr

c. Media

d. World Wide Web

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 8

8) A major change in media over the past fifty years has been

Feedback: factual

a. a slowing in information transmission.

b. the availability of more formats.

c. lessening of public involvement in media in general.

d. lessening of popularity of media in general.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 9

9) Facebook is an example of

Feedback: conceptual

a. a newspaper.

b. a magazine.

c. old media.

d. new media.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 10

10) A role of media in a democratic system is

Feedback: factual

a. acting as public watchdog.

b. electing candidates.

c. broadcasting the political agenda.

d. sharing candidate ideology.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 11

11) Media can help make informed voters by

Feedback: factual

a. acting as public watchdog.

b. providing information.

c. shaping the political agenda.

d. showing candidates’ mistakes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 12

12) In the 1830s, _______ became the first mass media outlet.

Feedback: applied

a. letters

b. radio

c. telegrams

d. newspapers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 13

13) What is the text’s definition of mass media?

Feedback: factual

a. Facebook for all

b. Internet access for all

c. Media for you and me

d. Information and entertainment for audiences

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 14

14) In the 1830s, what newspaper hired reporters to dig up facts and give readers stories?

Feedback: factual

a. The Washington Post

b. The Chicago Tribune

c. The New York Herald

d. USA Today

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 15

15) Which war was known as the first media war?

Feedback: factual

a. Korean War

b. Spanish-American War

c. World War I

d. Vietnam War

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 16

16) People with strong opinions are affected by new information in what way?

Feedback: applied

a. They change their opinions

b. They look for additional information

c. Their existing opinion is reinforced

d. They ignore the new information

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 17

17) Between 2000 and 2015, American newspapers slashed what percentage of their staffs?

Feedback: factual

a. 40 percent

b. 13 percent

c. 3 percent

d. 47 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 18

18) During the 1930s, who delivered a weekly radio address known as the “Fireside Chat”?

Feedback: factual

a. Theodore Roosevelt

b. Karl Marx

c. Walt Whitman

d. Franklin Roosevelt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 19

19) What is the main demographic for talk radio?

Feedback: applied

a. Middle-aged conservative white male

b. Middle-aged liberal African American

c. Middle-aged undecided white male

d. Hispanic male age forty-five to sixty-four and liberal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 20

20) How many communities today have no local news source?

Feedback: factual

a. 1,300–1,400

b. 10–20

c. 300–400

d. All communities have a local news source

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 21

21) Which president gave the first live televised press conference?

Feedback: factual

a. Dwight Eisenhower

b. Ronald Reagan

c. Lyndon Johnson

d. John F. Kennedy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 22

22) Which two networks monopolized the television news business during the 1960s and 1970s?

Feedback: factual

a. Fox and MSNBC

b. CNN and Fox

c. CBS and NBC

d. CBS and ABC

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 23

23) In what year did Rupert Murdoch launch Fox News?

Feedback: factual

a. 1978

b. 1999

c. 1996

d. 1995

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 24

24) The corporate setting helps blur the lines between news, politics, and entertainment—a phenomenon now described as

Feedback: conceptual

a. minor media.

b. infomercials.

c. infotainment.

d. entertainment.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 25

25) In new media, who chooses the material to be seen?

Feedback: factual

a. editor

b. director

c. producer

d. reader

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 26

26) How quickly can a reader respond to a story on digital media?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Immediately

b. Within 24 hours

c. Within 48 hours

d. Within 3–4 days

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 27

27) Which president played saxophone on the Arsenio Hall Show in 1992?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Ronald Reagan

b. Bill Clinton

c. Barack Obama

d. Donald Trump

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 28

28) Which of the following is the fastest growing media format?

Feedback: factual

a. Podcasts

b. Online news channels

c. Infotainment

d. Public radio

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 29

29) Which of the following is not considered new media?

Feedback: applied

a. Facebook

b. Twitter

c. The Internet

d. Cable news

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 30

30) Which station remained on the ground during the Gulf War for up-to-the-minute reporting?

Feedback: conceptual

a. CNN

b. Fox

c. NBC

d. CBS

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 31

31) One of the ways the Internet could enhance democracy is by

Feedback: applied

a. making everyone a potential news reporter.

b. raising the bar for entry into politics.

c. exposing fallacious points of view.

d. allowing more people to stay at home with no need to attend public rallies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 32

32) Which media form is likely to include a variety of viewpoints?

Feedback: applied

a. Facebook page

b. Newspaper

c. Personal Twitter

d. Instagram

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 33

33) What was the top-visited news website in 2020?

Feedback: factual

a. Yahoo news

b. Fox News

c. CNN

d. www.nytimes.com

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 34

34) An example of perceived fake news is

Feedback: conceptual

a. a report on the number of injuries in an auto accident.

b. a story explaining that climate change is not a scientific fact.

c. a report that the Dow Jones is down 40 points.

d. an account of the president’s visit to China.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 35

35) An example of a citizen turned into a news provider is

Feedback: conceptual

a. a citizen interviewed for the local news.

b. a television cameraman catching an auto accident on tape.

c. a passerby filming an accident on a cellphone.

d. the president answering questions at a press conference.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 36

36) Which type of media bias is most obvious to academics?

Feedback: applied

a. Commercial

b. Liberal

c. Conservative

d. Realist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 37

37) Which group is most likely to claim that the media is biased?

Feedback: factual

a. Liberals

b. Republicans

c. Democrats

d. The public as a whole

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 38

38) What percentage of Americans “sometimes” or “often” get news from social media sites in 2019?

Feedback: factual

a. 12 percent

b. 23 percent

c. 55 percent

d. 64 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 39

39) Which of the following is a complaint that a Republican might make about traditional news organizations?

Feedback: conceptual

a. “Corporate-owned media is biased against change.”

b. “Media is a corporate powerhouse.”

c. “Media donations go to the Democratic Party.”

d. “Media donations go to the Republican Party.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 40

40) Which of the following is a media reporter likely to identify as?

Feedback: factual

a. Republican

b. Libertarian

c. Democrat

d. Independent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 41

41) More conservative communities usually get

Feedback: conceptual

a. more conservative newspapers.

b. more libertarian newspapers.

c. less news coverage.

d. more news coverage.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 42

42) What classic rule of thumb guides local TV news?

Feedback: factual

a. “Short stories are better than long stories.”

b. “Cover the person, not the event.”

c. “Make ’em squirm.”

d. “If it bleeds, it leads.”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 43

43) According to studies, favoritism is shown in what proportion of campaign coverage?

Feedback: applied

a. None

b. Over half

c. Three-quarters

d. Almost all

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 44

44) Throughout an election campaign, the media tends to focus on

Feedback: applied

a. mistakes the candidates make.

b. bringing the two sides together.

c. the candidates’ families.

d. the winner’s most effective strategies.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 45

45) Newspapers tend to run content showing what form of bias?

Feedback: applied

a. Geographical bias

b. Bias toward advertisers

c. Conservative bias

d. Liberal bias

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 46

46) What is the bias that is found in all news media?

Feedback: factual

a. Conservative

b. Liberal

c. Need to attract a large audience

d. Corporate

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 47

47) What does the media sell?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Airtime

b. Journalist availability

c. Newsroom drama

d. Audience

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 48

48) How does a “fairness bias” corrupt news reporting?

Feedback: conceptual

a. It forces news outlets to give equal time to people on both sides of an issue.

b. It prevents news reporters from being able to report on both sides of an issue.

c. It causes news reporters to present two sides of an issue when the truth is represented better by one side of the debate.

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 49

49) Which statement is true about public ownership of the media?

Feedback: applied

a. European countries have a much higher level of public ownership than the United States.

b. Americans pay more in taxes for government-owned media than citizens in most other countries.

c. Public ownership of the media is against the law in the United States.

d. Public ownership of the media is against the law in many European countries.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 50

50) What government agency was created in the FDR administration to referee the airwaves?

Feedback: factual

a. Environmental Protection Agency

b. Federal Election Commission

c. Federal Communications Commission

d. Federal Fairness Doctrine Board

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 51

51) What did the Fairness Doctrine attempt to accomplish?

Feedback: conceptual

a. It tried to make American elections fairer for third parties.

b. It regulated the mass media so that different viewpoints had to be presented on each station.

c. It tried to make capital accumulation in the United States a fairer process.

d. It created fairness guidelines for the mass media to voluntarily follow.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 52

52) Who was president when the FCC repealed the Fairness Doctrine?

Feedback: factual

a. George H. W. Bush

b. Bill Clinton

c. Ronald Reagan

d. Jimmy Carter

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 53

53) What did the Telecommunications Act of 1996 accomplish?

Feedback: conceptual

a. It repealed the Fairness Doctrine.

b. It allowed for cross-ownership of media outlets by media conglomerates.

c. It led to the development of the Internet.

d. It caused the demise of newspapers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 54

54) To what extent has the U.S. Supreme Court upheld the First Amendment protection of a free press?

Feedback: conceptual

a. It has allowed frequent instances of government censorship of the press.

b. It has allowed some government censorship of the press but not too much.

c. It has allowed very little censorship of any form of media.

d. It has allowed very little (almost no) censorship of the print media.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 55

55) What percentage of the TV market share in Great Britain goes to the publicly owned BBC?

Feedback: factual

a. 10 percent

b. 32 percent

c. 19 percent

d. 58 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 56

56) What percentage of the TV market share in the United States goes to the publicly owned PBS?

Feedback: factual

a. 10 percent

b. 38 percent

c. barely 2 percent

d. about 6 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 57

57) News media is likely to pitch a story toward which political slant?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Conservative

b. Liberal

c. Corporate view

d. Center

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 58

58) The prime directive of the news media is to

Feedback: factual

a. expand the audience.

b. predict the winner in elections.

c. be on the scene in less than a minute.

d. charge top dollar for advertising.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 59

59) Why do people complain about news media bias?

Feedback: applied

a. Stories are pitched to the political center.

b. Stories are pitched to the left of conservatives.

c. Stories are pitched to the right of liberals.

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 60

60) Which of the following news stories is most likely to generate excitement?

Feedback: factual

a. A local school board meeting

b. Miners trapped below the earth’s surface

c. A healthcare proposal

d. A county commissioners’ meeting

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 61

61) Local news gets much of its drama from

Feedback: factual

a. school board meetings.

b. auto accidents.

c. crime.

d. the mayor’s weekly message.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 62

62) The lead story on local news is likely to be which of the following?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The mayor’s press conference

b. A local principal talking about extended school day

c. Road construction that backs up traffic

d. A four-car accident with three fatalities

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 63

63) What is an election report likely to focus on?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The candidate’s bankruptcy

b. The candidate’s stance on taxes

c. The candidate’s political party

d. The candidate’s birthday party

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 64

64) Because people generally consume media that reinforces their existing beliefs, it takes broad coverage with an unambiguous message to change peoples’ minds. What does the text call this phenomenon?

Feedback: conceptual

a. A “broken record”

b. A “loud signal”

c. A “perfect ideal”

d. A “norm-breaker”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 65

65) One of the most direct ways the media affects politics is via its _______ role.

Feedback: conceptual

a. socialization

b. entertainment

c. agenda setting

d. infomercial

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 66

66) Which of the following is the most subtle manner in which the media affects politics?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Editorializing

b. Framing

c. Agenda setting

d. Priming

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 67

67) The _______ defines the nature of the problem, organizes potential solutions, and wipes out alternative policies.

Feedback: applied

a. frame

b. agenda

c. newsmaker

d. media schema

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 68

68) If people have already made up their minds, what effect do news stories usually have on the way they think about politics?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Depends on whether the story is on television or radio

b. Very little or no effect

c. Depends on whether the story is in new media or old media

d. A significant effect, if the news story is well written

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 69

69) In media jargon, what is a small clip from a candidate speech referred to as?

Feedback: applied

a. A “tidbit”

b. A “small mistake”

c. A “sound bite”

d. A “little morsel”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 70

70) Sometimes, politicians try to manipulate media sound bites by providing

Feedback: conceptual

a. dramatic visuals.

b. full texts of speeches.

c. guidelines on what part of a speech to use.

d. their own interpretation of a speech.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 71

71) Which of the following is not a center of media attention in election campaign coverage?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Who’s winning

b. Conflicts

c. Issues

d. Drama

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 72

72) What makes mass media in the United States so unique?

Feedback: applied

a. It focuses on principles over personalities.

b. It has always been a commercial enterprise.

c. It employs attention to detail and an issue-based focus.

d. Nothing; it is not unique.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 73

73) Crime is _______, and media coverage has audiences believing crime is _______.

Feedback: conceptual

a. dropping, dropping

b. rising, dropping

c. dropping, rising

d. rising, rising

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 74

74) Which president was involved in the Watergate scandal?

Feedback: factual

a. John F. Kennedy

b. Lyndon Johnson

c. Barry Goldwater

d. Richard Nixon

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 75

75) Which of the following events helped transform the media’s stance toward the powerful?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Civil Rights Movement

b. Cuban Missile Crisis

c. Iraq War

d. End of Cold War

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 76

76) After the Watergate scandal, reporters redefined their roles and became

Feedback: conceptual

a. chummy insiders.

b. skeptics.

c. professionals.

d. paid informants.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 77

77) The reporter’s newest mission is to

Feedback: applied

a. help citizens make the right choice in the voting booth.

b. uncover lies.

c. help presidents cover their mistakes.

d. hide bad behavior.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 78

78) The freedoms that the media enjoys come from which amendment?

Feedback: factual

a. First

b. Third

c. Fifth

d. Seventh

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 79

79) Which of the following is not declining as a source of news?

Feedback: factual

a. Television

b. Internet

c. Radio

d. Newspapers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 80

80) Prior restraint is an aspect of

Feedback: factual

a. early printing.

b. information sharing.

c. censorship.

d. editing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 81

81) Saying on television that the president is mentally unstable could be an example of

Feedback: applied

a. libel.

b. prior restraint.

c. censorship.

d. slander.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 82

82) A form of news media regulated from the beginning is

Feedback: factual

a. television.

b. newspapers.

c. social media.

d. journals.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 83

83) In exchange for a broadcasting frequency, radio stations were required to be

Feedback: conceptual

a. unbiased.

b. socially responsible.

c. unionized.

d. publicly owned.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 84

84) The Fairness Doctrine led stations to avoid

Feedback: applied

a. advertising.

b. corporate leadership.

c. political controversies.

d. local news.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 85

85) The Reagan administration promoted media as a

Feedback: factual

a. public commodity.

b. political tool.

c. governmental agency.

d. private commodity.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 86

86) Government regulation of media evolves as

Feedback: applied

a. media evolves.

b. elections occur.

c. directors change.

d. nations become more involved.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 87

87) When the FCC established “net neutrality,” it prohibited

Feedback: conceptual

a. public ownership of Internet providers.

b. Internet providers from charging more for some content.

c. Internet providers from being foreign owned.

d. private ownership of Internet providers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 88

88) One of the top two radio companies is

Feedback: factual

a. ABC.

b. NBC.

c. CBS.

d. CNN.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 89

89) Consolidation is a threat to

Feedback: conceptual

a. a free press.

b. public radio.

c. public television.

d. free speech.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 90

90) The _______ allows companies to own multiple media markets.

Feedback: factual

a. Telecommunications Act of 1996

b. Fairness Doctrine

c. Federal Communications Commission

d. First Amendment

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 91

91) The United States does not typically rely on which model of media organization?

Feedback: applied

a. Regulation

b. Government ownership

c. International

d. Free market

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 92

92) The public radio station in the United States is

Feedback: conceptual

a. CBS.

b. PBS.

c. NPR.

d. BBC.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 93

93) The largest network in Britain is

Feedback: factual

a. CBS.

b. PBS.

c. NPR.

d. BBC.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 94

94) In authoritarian nations, who controls the media?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Government

b. Private citizens

c. Free market

d. Large corporations

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 95

95) The media influence on politics is evident during which events?

Feedback: factual

a. Market fluctuations

b. Elections

c. Depressions

d. Natural disasters

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 96

96) Research has shown that reporting on terrorist acts

Feedback: applied

a. leads to fewer terrorist acts.

b. leads to bloodier terrorist acts.

c. leads to more terrorist acts.

d. has no effect on terrorist acts.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 97

97) Media’s prime concern in an election campaign is

Feedback: applied

a. who is running.

b. poll numbers.

c. political affiliation.

d. who will win.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 98

98) Sound bites have gone from lasting over _______ seconds to lasting under _______ seconds.

Feedback: applied

a. forty, eight

b. eight, forty

c. twenty, five

d. five, twenty

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 99

99) What are the most obvious types of media bias?

Feedback:

Commercial bias.

Negativity bias.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 100

100) What scandal caused the media and media reporters to become more skeptical of politicians, and what does the change look like?

Feedback:

Watergate.

A stronger commitment to investigation by the media.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 101

101) When was the FCC created, and for what purpose?

Feedback:

In 1934 during the FDR administration.

To police airwaves.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 102

102) What did the Fairness Doctrine attempt to establish?

Feedback:

Equal access to the media.

Fair reporting of political events.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 103

103) Why was the Fairness Doctrine repealed?

Feedback:

To reduce government regulation.

To let the marketplace decide what should be covered by the media.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 104

104) Compare and contrast the level of government ownership of the media in the United States versus Europe.

Feedback:

The United States has minimal government ownership.

Government ownership is the norm in Europe.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 105

105) What is meant by the “Americanization” of media around the world?

Feedback:

Commercialization.

Less government control.

More free-market scenarios.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 106

106) What effect does new media have on attempts to control information in authoritarian regimes?

Feedback:

It makes it more difficult for authoritarian leaders to control information.

It has led to democratization movements.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 107

107) Compare and contrast the amount of tax dollars the average American spends for government-owned (public) stations versus the amount of tax paid in European countries for public-owned stations.

Feedback:

Americans spend much less.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 108

108) List one advantage and one disadvantage of public ownership of the media.

Feedback:

Advantage: creates a level playing field and promotes fairness.

Disadvantage: does not allow the people to use a free-market scenario to determine media coverage.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 109

109) What are some examples of new media?

Feedback:

Facebook.

Twitter.

Internet.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 110

110) How does the mass media sometimes set the political agenda?

Feedback:

By determining what is news.

Through its choice of stories to cover.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 111

111) How was media used in the framing of healthcare legislation?

Feedback:

1961: Ronald Reagan fighting President Kennedy’s healthcare plan.

1993: television ads opposing President Clinton’s healthcare plan.

2016: presidential nominee Donald Trump’s use of Twitter.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 112

112) Discuss the three major changes that mark the evolution of issue campaigns.

Feedback:

Information is cascading faster and faster.

Today’s media includes many more voices and formats.

New media permits the public to be much more active.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 113

113) What is the media?

Feedback:

Includes all the ways in which people obtain information.

List some examples.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 114

114) What is the new media?

Feedback:

On-demand access to information through digital devices.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 115

115) What are the three essential functions of media in a democratic system?

Feedback:

Provide information.

Act as a public watchdog.

Help shape the political agenda.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 116

116) How does the mass media sometimes set the political agenda?

Feedback:

By determining what is news.

Through its choice of stories to cover.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 117

117) Discuss what a loud signal is and how it affects what is covered.

Feedback:

Media story with broad coverage and unambiguous message.

More likely to reach audience and influence views.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 118

118) Discuss how media helps to set the policy agenda.

Feedback:

Gives attention to certain issues.

Attention influences public opinion and politics.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 119

119) Discuss the difference between priming and framing.

Feedback:

Priming: reporting on topics in ways that either enhance or diminish support.

Framing: defining an issue with respect to a particular frame; an issue has many possible frames, each with a different tilt, and the choice of frame affects perception of the issue.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 120

120) Explain the first mass media.

Feedback:

Newspapers.

Cost one penny; reflected corrupt politics of the era.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 121

121) Why was the Spanish-American War called the first media-driven war?

Feedback:

Banner headlines helped start the war.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 122

122) How has media led to the personal presidency?

Feedback:

Brings president into people’s homes.

FDR “Fireside Chats” were the beginning.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 123

123) How did the Gulf War lead to the rise of CNN?

Feedback:

Only station on the ground.

News reporting all day long.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 124

124) What are the three concerns about new media?

Feedback:

Traditional organizations, not new media, still do most reporting.

Important stories may get lost in new media.

Traditional media tend to include a variety of viewpoints, whereas new media may not be so balanced.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 125

125) How could new media create a golden era of citizen participation?

Feedback:

Turn everyone into a potential news provider.

Anyone can record an event and post it.

Ability to trace events.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 126

126) Discuss the narrative arc for a good drama.

Feedback:

Beginning, middle, end.

Can have protagonist, pathos, villain, drama, ending, take-home message.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 127

127) How does “if it bleeds, it leads” affect news stories?

Feedback:

Lead story will feature most grisly event.

Provides drama.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 128

128) Discuss the changing nature of sound bites.

Feedback:

Duration decreased from over forty seconds to under eight seconds.

Anchor analyzes sound bite after eight seconds.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 129

129) Describe changes in the sources of political news over the past ten years.

Feedback:

Fewer newspapers.

More social media.

Television is still number one.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 130

130) What does it mean for the media to have a commercial bias, and how does this affect news reporting?

Feedback:

The media reports what sells.

Quality or importance of information is compromised.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 131

131) How does the mass media in the United States differ from the mass media in Europe? Cite specific differences.

Feedback:

Mass media in Europe is much more likely to be government owned.

In Europe, people support media through the taxes they pay.

Europeans pay a much higher percentage of their taxes to support public broadcasting companies.

Newspapers are more widely read in Europe.

Newspapers are more partisan in Europe.

European newspapers do less fact checking.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 132

132) How does the new media affect attempts by authoritarian regimes to limit information? Define and use the term censorship in your answer.

Feedback:

Authoritarian regimes often try to censor, or limit, the information received by the public.

The new social media makes it more difficult to control information and the spread of ideas.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 133

133) How can the Internet improve democratic processes and accountability?

Feedback:

Websites make more information available and provide easier access to government information.

A freer flow of political information.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 134

134) How can the media’s tendency to cover conflict be both positive and negative from the standpoint of quality news reporting?

Feedback:

Positive: expressing disagreement is one way to underscore the values at stake in a political debate.

Negative: too much emphasis on conflict causes nothing more than a narrative about victory and defeat.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 135

135) How does the mass media tend to cover election campaigns? Specifically, what does it focus on at the beginning, in the middle, and at the end of an election campaign?

Feedback:

The media likes to cover scandal and anything that attracts viewers or readers.

This focus does not necessarily include the substantive issues.

Priming and framing.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 136

136) How does the mass media affect politics? In your answer, discuss agenda setting, priming, and framing.

Feedback:

The media's commercial bias affects the nature of the political coverage.

The media sets the agenda by choosing certain stories to cover.

The media primes news coverage by subtly leading its consumers through a political scenario in a manner that may confirm their own biases.

The media frames the news through the extent of coverage, the placement of the reporting, and the choice of a particular angle to cover.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 137

137) What led to the public ownership of media?

Feedback:

Worry about potential power

Demagogue ownership

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 138

138) What effect can broad, unambiguous coverage of a particular event have on public attitudes? Is it easy to alter public attitudes? Why or why not?

Feedback:

It takes broad, unambiguous media coverage to change public perceptions.

It is very difficult for the media to alter public attitudes, because people are set in their ways and generally expose themselves only to media sources that confirm their biases.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 139

139) Discuss the three essential functions of media in a democratic system and the role of each.

Feedback:

Provide information.

Act as a public watchdog.

Help shape the public agenda.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 140

140) How has media changed in the twentieth century?

Feedback:

Rise of radio.

Rise of television.

Decline of print media.

Rise of cable.

Rise of the Internet.

New media.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 141

141) How can new media create more citizen participation?

Feedback:

Click on a Facebook link.

Read content from a newspaper.

Post a comment.

Debate in an online chat room.

Watch a clip on YouTube.

Reader chooses material.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 142

142) Discuss media bias.

Feedback:

Media seen as biased.

Mainstream reporters less likely to identify as Republican.

Studies fail to show a systematic bias among media reporters.

Deep bias to attract larger audience.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 143

143) How did the Watergate scandal affect media?

Feedback:

Reporters investigated burglary.

Reporters became skeptics.

Tried to find hidden truth.

Emphasized watchdog role.