Ch.5 The Struggle For Civil Rights Exam Prep 5th Edition

Chapter 5: The Struggle for Civil Rights

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 1

1) Once citizens have won their rights, public attention shifts to

Feedback: factual

a. ignoring them.

b. codifying them.

c. protecting them.

d. changing them.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 2

2) When did Congress outlaw sex discrimination in the Civil Rights Act?

Feedback: factual

a. 1964

b. 1966

c. 1965

d. 1968

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 3

3) Members of which minority group were forbidden to become American citizens?

Feedback: factual

a. Blacks

b. Women

c. Chinese

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 4

4) How many Black mayors were there in 1965?

Feedback: applied

a. Seven

b. Five

c. Three

d. Zero

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 5

5) Asians have won full rights, but which minority group has not?

Feedback: applied

a. Puerto Ricans

b. Native Americans

c. Blacks

d. Women

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 6

6) African Americans have a life expectancy _______ years shorter than that of whites.

Feedback: applied

a. five

b. ten

c. three

d. two

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 7

7) What was the number of Black mayors in 2021?

Feedback: factual

a. 600+

b. 489

c. 324

d. 82

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 8

8) What is the poverty rate among white Americans today?

Feedback: factual

a. 5 percent

b. 8 percent

c. 10 percent

d. 12 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 9

9) What is the poverty rate among Hispanic Americans today?

Feedback: factual

a. 15 percent

b. 17 percent

c. 19 percent

d. 33 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 10

10) What is the poverty rate among Black Americans today?

Feedback: factual

a. 21 percent

b. 10 percent

c. 17 percent

d. 12 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 11

11) What is the poverty rate among Native Americans today?

Feedback: factual

a. 10 percent

b. 28 percent

c. 15 percent

d. 25 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 12

12) How many women had won a U.S. Senate seat in their own right forty years ago?

Feedback: factual

a. One

b. Five

c. Seven

d. Twelve

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 13

13) How many women serve in the Senate today?

Feedback: factual

a. Thirty-three

b. Fifty

c. Twenty-six

d. Ten

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 14

14) How many same-sex marriages were legally performed in the U.S. in 2003?

Feedback: factual

a. 2

b. 0

c. 15

d. Over 100

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 15

15) Women won voting rights in most _______ states a half-century before Congress finally endorsed women’s suffrage nationally.

Feedback: factual

a. eastern

b. western

c. midwestern

d. northern

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 16

16) What rules issued by the president have the force of law but do not require congressional approval?

Feedback: factual

a. Presidential orders

b. Executive orders

c. White House decrees

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 17

17) Which president desegregated the army in 1948?

Feedback: factual

a. Wilson

b. Roosevelt

c. Ford

d. Truman

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 18

18) In 2012, Barack Obama signed an executive order protecting

Feedback: factual

a. undocumented children.

b. resident aliens.

c. legal immigrants.

d. Native Americans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 19

19) Few groups in American history have suffered worse treatment than African Americans. Which of the following horrific actions did they experience?

Feedback: factual

a. Men and women chained in the holds of slave ships

b. Lynched

c. Murdered for challenging their oppression

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 20

20) What was the Missouri Compromise of 1820?

Feedback: factual

a. Slavery was abolished in the Louisiana Territory.

b. A line was drawn through the Louisiana Territory: territories north of the line, except Missouri, would be free; everything south of the line would be open to slavery.

c. Slavery would be allowed only in some states in the South.

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 21

21) What was one result of the Compromise of 1850?

Feedback: factual

a. The decision of whether to permit slavery was turned over to the people in the territories.

b. The decision of whether to permit slavery was turned over to local governments.

c. Slavery was prohibited in the western states.

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 22

22) Under the Compromise of 1850, the residents of certain territories would exercise _______ to decide whether the territories would be slave or free.

Feedback: factual

a. slavery sovereignty

b. popular determinism

c. popular sovereignty

d. territorial sovereignty

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 23

23) Under the Compromise of 1850, which of the following states was permitted to enter as a free state?

Feedback: factual

a. Kansas

b. Nebraska

c. California

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 24

24) Which 1857 Supreme Court decision was explicitly rejected by the Republican Party, leading to the party’s rise to national prominence?

Feedback: factual

a. Brown v. Board of Education

b. Dred Scott v. Sandford

c. Plessy v. Ferguson

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 25

25) In which war did more Americans lose their lives than in all other American wars put together?

Feedback: factual

a. World War I

b. Civil War

c. Korean War

d. Vietnam War

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 26

26) The Fifteenth Amendment excluded which group?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Women

b. Blacks

c. Chinese

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 27

27) Southern state and local governments reacted to slaves’ freedom by passing

Feedback: factual

a. anti-sovereignty codes.

b. nonwhite codes.

c. Black regulations.

d. Black codes.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 28

28) For a time, Congress supported the former slaves. With _______, it tried to rebuild the South around a vision of racial justice.

Feedback: factual

a. the Fourteenth Amendment

b. Reconstruction

c. the Civil Rights Act

d. the separate but equal doctrine

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 29

29) The Civil Rights Act of 1866 guaranteed African Americans which of the same rights as white Americans?

Feedback: factual

a. Property rights

b. Right to participate in politics

c. Right to freedom from racial discrimination in hotels, restaurants, and theaters

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 30

30) _______ required voters to read and interpret a state constitution passage. In reality, they were a way to restrict Black suffrage.

Feedback: factual

a. Literacy tests

b. Intelligence tests

c. Black voters’ tests

d. Grandfather clauses

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 31

31) In the Civil Rights Cases of 1883, the Supreme Court struck down the Civil Rights Act of 1875, ruling that Congress did not have the authority to stop private discrimination. In what year did Congress finally find a way around this barrier?

Feedback: factual

a. 1901

b. 2011

c. 1964

d. 1887

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 32

32) Under the _______, the southern white majority built a system of segregation that imposed different rules for Blacks and whites.

Feedback: conceptual

a. Ku Klux Klan

b. James Crow laws

c. Jim Crow laws

d. separate but equal laws

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 33

33) In what year did the Supreme Court rule, in Plessy v. Ferguson, that there was nothing inherently discriminatory in separating the races?

Feedback: factual

a. 1843

b. 1851

c. 1896

d. 1954

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 34

34) The era of civil rights gave way to a desire for

Feedback: factual

a. legal solutions.

b. state solutions.

c. law and order.

d. riots and protests.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 35

35) What was the plot of the 1915 movie Birth of a Nation?

Feedback: factual

a. Social equality is achieved for all in America.

b. Lust-filled Black men, backed by federal troops, menace white women until the KKK saves the day.

c. The framers write the Constitution.

d. The Puritans set off on a quest for religious freedom.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 36

36) Beginning in the 1910s, many African Americans left southern agriculture and moved to more lucrative factory jobs in northern cities—a journey known as the

Feedback: factual

a. Northern Migration.

b. Extradition.

c. Great Migration.

d. Great Movement.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 37

37) In 1909, Black leaders formed the NAACP. What does this abbreviation stand for?

Feedback: factual

a. National Association for the Advancement of Celebrated People

b. National Association for the Advancement of Christian Patrons

c. National Association for the Advancement of Colored People

d. National Association for the Advancement of Christian People

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 38

38) In 1961, civil rights activists came up with a new tactic. Groups of young people known as _______ rented Greyhound buses to protest segregated interstate bus lines and terminals.

Feedback: factual

a. Desegregation Riders

b. Freedom Riders

c. Free Riders

d. Freedom Activists

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 39

39) Which of the following activists was instrumental in the success of the civil rights movement?

Feedback: factual

a. Martin Luther King, Jr.

b. Rosa Parks

c. A. Philip Randolph

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 40

40) Martin Luther King, Jr. delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech in _______ in Washington.

Feedback: factual

a. 1963

b. 1968

c. 1995

d. 1866

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 41

41) The Civil Rights Act was passed in what year?

Feedback: factual

a. 1991

b. 1962

c. 1964

d. 1865

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 42

42) Congress passed the Voting Rights Act in what year?

Feedback: factual

a. 1965

b. 1992

c. 1967

d. 1866

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 43

43) Which two Black groups rejected the nonviolent protest strategy used by Martin Luther King, Jr.?

Feedback: factual

a. Black Power and Black Sovereignty

b. Black Panthers and Nation of Islam

c. Blacks United and SNNC

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 44

44) In 1963, Martin Luther King, Jr. gave an important speech. What was this speech?

Feedback: factual

a. I Want to Be Free

b. We Are All God’s Children

c. Our God Is Marching On

d. I Have a Dream

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 45

45) Riots broke out in August 1965 in what area?

Feedback: factual

a. Watts

b. Newark

c. Detroit

d. Harlem

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 46

46) What is the American ideal often expressed as equality of opportunity?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Give all individuals a fair chance at achieving success with the aid of government assistance.

b. Give all individuals a fair chance at achieving success with economic aid from their parents.

c. Give all individuals a fair chance at achieving success.

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 47

47) When did the new concept of affirmative action emerge in America?

Feedback: factual

a. 1850s and 1860s

b. 1960s and 1970s

c. 1970s and 1980s

d. 1980s and 1990s

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 48

48) President Franklin D. Roosevelt created the _______ to ensure that defense contractors did not practice racial discrimination.

Feedback: factual

a. Social Security Administration

b. American Customs Board

c. Fair Employment Practices Committee

d. Equal Opportunity Commission

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 49

49) What was school busing?

Feedback: conceptual

a. A way to reduce traffic by driving students to school in buses

b. A way to help poor Black children get to school

c. A way to achieve racial integration by driving students to schools in other neighborhoods

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 50

50) One way of segregating schools was through

Feedback: conceptual

a. school busing.

b. school choice.

c. moving people out of their neighborhoods.

d. creating central schools for all students.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 51

51) A result of the “new Jim Crow” was _______ for African Americans.

Feedback: factual

a. easier voting

b. mass incarceration

c. more job opportunities

d. renewed segregation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 52

52) _______ men are five times as likely to be in jail as whites.

Feedback: factual

a. African American

b. Latino

c. Asian

d. Native American

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 53

53) Which term refers to the striking degree to which jail time falls disproportionately on minorities?

Feedback: conceptual

a. New Jim Crow

b. Minority incarceration crisis

c. Jim Crow revival

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 54

54) In the nineteenth century, a woman could

Feedback: conceptual

a. vote.

b. serve on a jury.

c. enter into a contract.

d. not do any of the above.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 55

55) The first convention for women’s suffrage was held at Seneca Falls, New York, in what year?

Feedback: conceptual

a. 1848

b. 1891

c. 1898

d. 1937

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 56

56) After the Civil War, feminist leaders fought to have women included in the Fifteenth Amendment right to vote. Who was one of these feminist leaders?

Feedback: factual

a. Carrie Chapman Catt

b. Phyllis Schlafly

c. Rosa Parks

d. Lily Ledbetter

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 57

57) Which organization was spawned by the women’s movement?

Feedback: factual

a. Women’s Christian Temperance Union

b. American Woman Suffrage Association

c. National American Woman Suffrage Association

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 58

58) By 1916, an effective political campaign had won full suffrage for women in fifteen states and partial suffrage in twenty-three others. Women voted in every state of the West and Midwest except

Feedback: factual

a. Utah.

b. Wyoming.

c. Idaho.

d. New Mexico.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 59

59) President Woodrow Wilson put aside his condescension and supported women’s suffrage as

Feedback: factual

a. “A wartime measure”

b. “The morally right thing to do”

c. “A form of appeasement”

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 60

60) In what year was the first woman elected to Congress?

Feedback: factual

a. 1936

b. 1926

c. 1916

d. 2016

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 61

61) Hispanics make up what percentage of the American population?

Feedback: factual

a. 10

b. 18

c. 27

d. 45

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 62

62) Latinos adapted many of the tactics of the Black civil rights movement to their own needs. They formed which of the following organizations in 1929?

Feedback: factual

a. League of United Hispanic American Citizens

b. League of United Latin American Citizens

c. United Latin American League

d. Hispanic League of Freedom

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 63

63) Immigrants often trigger the same fears in Americans. Which of the following corresponds to those fears?

Feedback: conceptual

a. They will undermine American values and culture.

b. They will remain loyal to their own languages and their home countries.

c. They will take away jobs.

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 64

64) Hispanics were already living in what part of the nation when it became part of the United States in 1848?

Feedback: factual

a. Southwest

b. North

c. Deep South

d. Midwest

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 65

65) Hispanics form a potentially powerful political block that has recently been voting strongly Democratic—with the notable exception of which Latino group?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Mexican Americans

b. Puerto Rican Americans

c. Cuban Americans

d. Salvadoran Americans

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 66

66) The great surge in Hispanic political demonstrations may reflect which trend?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The rapid growth of the Latino population

b. A sense of shared identity within that population

c. An increasing identification with the American homeland

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 67

67) Which of the following groups have the highest education level and the highest median personal income among American population groups?

Feedback: factual

a. European Americans

b. African Americans

c. Asian Americans

d. Hispanics

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 68

68) Chinese people were ineligible for citizenship as a result of legislation passed in

Feedback: factual

a. 1862.

b. 1882.

c. 1902.

d. 1912.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 69

69) The Chinese Exclusion Act was extended in 1917 to include

Feedback: factual

a. Italians.

b. all natives of Asia.

c. Russians.

d. Southern Europeans.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 70

70) The _______, passed in 1882, declared _______ immigrants ineligible for citizenship.

Feedback: factual

a. Japanese Exclusion Act, Japanese

b. Chinese Exclusion Act, Chinese

c. Vietnamese Exclusion Act, Vietnamese

d. Korean Exclusion Act, Korean

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 71

71) After the Pearl Harbor attack in 1941, President Roosevelt ordered the army to round up Japanese Americans and place them in internment camps. What did they lose as a result of this act?

Feedback: factual

a. Their liberty

b. Their jobs

c. Their property and their bank accounts

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 72

72) After the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, what happened to Japanese Americans?

Feedback: factual

a. They were deported.

b. They were placed in internment camps.

c. They were sent to the East Coast.

d. They were drafted.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 73

73) In the 1880s San Francisco had separate _______ for Chinese Americans.

Feedback: factual

a. housing

b. taxes

c. schools

d. governments

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 74

74) The New Jim Crow is the title of a book by

Feedback: factual

a. Martin Luther King, Jr.

b. Lyndon Johnson.

c. A. Philip Randolph.

d. Michelle Alexander.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 75

75) By the time the United States stretched from coast to coast, less than _______ million of the original 10 million Native Americans remained alive.

Feedback: factual

a. 1

b. 3

c. 5

d. 7

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 76

76) In 1831, the Supreme Court ruled that Indian tribes were _______, meaning essentially that they were a separate people without the rights of an independent nation.

Feedback: factual

a. “domestic indigenous tribes”

b. “domestic dependent nations”

c. “separate domestic nations”

d. “separate tribal nations”

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 77

77) The civil rights protests inspired some Native Americans, along with many other groups, to organize a political movement. What is one such Native American movement?

Feedback: factual

a. American Indian Sovereignty Movement

b. American Indian United Movement

c. American Indian Movement

d. American Indian Justice Movement

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 78

78) Section 504 of the 1973 Rehabilitation Act benefited people with disabilities. Which piece of legislation did this bill borrow from?

Feedback: factual

a. The Civil Rights Act of 1964

b. The Constitution

c. The Bill of Rights

d. The Civil Rights Act of 1866

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 79

79) The movement for same-sex rights began with a riot when, in 1969, police raided a gay bar named the Stonewall Inn in what city?

Feedback: factual

a. San Francisco

b. New York City

c. Los Angeles

d. Salt Lake City

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 80

80) When did the American Psychiatric Association remove homosexuality from its list of mental disorders?

Feedback: factual

a. 1949

b. 1961

c. 1973

d. 1999

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 81

81) In the early 1980s, AIDS plagued the gay community. This deadly disease pushed them into local politics. Which political action did they take?

Feedback: factual

a. They established links to the medical community.

b. They established connections with local governments.

c. They prodded politicians and drug companies into action.

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 82

82) Which president promised to open the military to gay men and women?

Feedback: factual

a. Ronald Reagan

b. Jimmy Carter

c. Gerald Ford

d. Bill Clinton

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 83

83) Which president completed the opening of the military to gay men and women?

Feedback: factual

a. Ronald Reagan

b. George W. Bush

c. Barack Obama

d. Richard Nixon

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 84

84) Which state became the first state to permit same-sex marriage?

Feedback: factual

a. California

b. New York

c. Florida

d. Massachusetts

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 85

85) Which of the following did the courts initially sponsor but are now skeptical of?

Feedback: factual

a. Affirmative action programs

b. Different job descriptions

c. Minority Employment Act measures

d. “Equitable hiring” programs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 86

86) To make up for past discrimination, universities began using which of the following?

Feedback: factual

a. Different testing programs

b. Affirmative action programs

c. Minority Education Act measures

d. “Equitable enrollment” programs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 87

87) The Fourteenth Amendment was used by the Supreme Court to incorporate the Bill of Rights and to enshrine

Feedback: conceptual

a. same-sex marriage.

b. interracial marriage.

c. affirmative action.

d. school busing.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 88

88) The Supreme Court enshrined same-sex marriage as a national civil right using the

Feedback: factual

a. Eleventh Amendment.

b. Twelfth Amendment.

c. Thirteenth Amendment.

d. Fourteenth Amendment.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 89

89) The freedom to participate in the life of the community is known as

Feedback: factual

a. civil rights.

b. civil liberties.

c. affirmative action.

d. Fourteenth Amendment rights.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 90

90) Abolition branded slavery as

Feedback: factual

a. immoral.

b. sinful.

c. illegal.

d. unproductive.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 91

91) Abolitionists wanted to do what with slavery?

Feedback: factual

a. Keep it in the south

b. Expand it to the north

c. End it

d. Expand it to the west

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 92

92) The Compromise of 1850 forced Northerners to

Feedback: factual

a. own slaves.

b. hire freed slaves.

c. pay a tax on merchandise from the south.

d. return fugitive slaves to their owners.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 93

93) Northerners opposed slavery

Feedback: factual

a. for economic reasons.

b. for legal reasons.

c. because abolitionists lived in the North.

d. because they did not like the South.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 94

94) The South defended slavery, which was known as the

Feedback: conceptual

a. southern institution.

b. peculiar institution.

c. workers institution.

d. plantation institution.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 95

95) The Missouri Compromise of 1820 drew a line and held that states north of the line would be free, with the exception of which state?

Feedback: factual

a. Ohio

b. New York

c. Missouri

d. Mississippi

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 96

96) According to the Fugitive Slave Law, slaves found in northern states had to be

Feedback: factual

a. set free.

b. sold at auction.

c. returned to Africa.

d. returned to the South.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 97

97) In 1857, the Supreme Court ruled that which of the following could set a slave free?

Feedback: factual

a. The federal government

b. The territorial government

c. The Missouri Compromise

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 98

98) Abraham Lincoln announced a “new birth of freedom” in the

Feedback: factual

a. Gettysburg Address.

b. Emancipation Proclamation.

c. Thirteenth Amendment.

d. second inaugural address.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 99

99) The Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves in the areas that were

Feedback: factual

a. in the west.

b. still rebelling.

c. along the Mississippi River.

d. part of the United States.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 100

100) The amendment that abolished slavery was the

Feedback: factual

a. Eleventh Amendment.

b. Twelfth Amendment.

c. Thirteenth Amendment.

d. Fourteenth Amendment.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 101

101) We are a nation founded on the idea that all people are “created equal” and “endowed” with “unalienable rights” including “life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness.” We are also a very diverse nation that often does not live up to its noble founding vision. Blacks, women, and Chinese groups were not treated equally in the past. Are there groups in America that are not treated “equally” today?

Feedback:

• Discuss political rights guaranteed in the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution.
• Discuss diversity in America today.
• Highlight groups in America whose rights are not adequately protected.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 102

102) Define and explain civil rights in 100 words or less.

Feedback:

• Include discussion of America’s founding documents.
• Provide examples of what civil rights mean.
• Highlight historical development of the practice of this concept.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 103

103) What does the Fourteenth Amendment guarantee?

Feedback:

• Discuss equal protection under the law.
• Discuss due process.
• Discuss historical circumstances of its creation.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 104

104) Explain the Brown v. Board of Education case.

Feedback:

• Discuss the differences between segregation and desegregation.
• Include a discussion of the Plessy v. Ferguson case.
• Discuss the historical implications of the Brown decision.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 105

105) Elaborate on the three categories used by the courts to determine discrimination: suspect categories, quasi-suspect categories, and nonsuspect categories.

Feedback:

• Explain the three categories.
• Explain the importance of each.
• Provide examples.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 106

106) Even after liberation from slavery, Black Americans faced another century of repression. Describe their quest for freedom in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. What were the three forces that held Black Americans back from full equality even after slavery ended, and how did Black Americans survive and even overcome these forces?

Feedback:

• Name three forces that prevented full equality (Jim Crow laws, white primaries, Black codes, etc.).
• Provide examples of what each force looked like in practice.
• Discuss ways in which Black Americans sought to overcome these forces.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 107

107) What led to the notorious riot in Los Angeles in August of 1965 and subsequent riots in 1968?

Feedback:

• Name the Watts riots of 1965.
• Name the subsequent riots in 1968 in cities such as Detroit and Newark.
• Discuss causes of the riots, including poverty, discrimination, and the assassination of Martin Luther King, Jr.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 108

108) What is affirmative action?

Feedback:

• Define affirmative action.
• Provide examples of what affirmative action looks like.
• Discuss the continuing controversy about this practice.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 109

109) What was the disproportionate impact doctrine propounded by the Supreme Court in 1971?

Feedback:

• Define disproportionate impact.
• Discuss the circumstances leading to the creation of this doctrine by the Supreme Court.
• Provide examples of disproportionate impact.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 110

110) Cite one of the organizations spawned by the women’s movement of the 1870s. What did it do, and what was its impact on American history?

Feedback:

• Name an organization that emerged from the women’s movement of the 1870s.
• Describe what the organization did.
• Discuss its impact on American history.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 111

111) During the 1916 election, why did the South remain strongly opposed to women’s suffrage?

Feedback:

• Discuss the women’s suffrage movement.
• Explain how, in the West, women obtained the vote relatively quickly.
• Discuss issues in the South related to its resistance to women’s suffrage.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 112

112) Define a class action lawsuit, explain why one might be used, and provide examples.

Feedback:

• Define class action.
• Explain why a class action lawsuit might be used.
• Provide examples.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 113

113) Describe the history behind the Chicanismo and United Farm Workers organizations.

Feedback:

• Explain the history of Chicanismo and why it emerged.
• Explain the United Farm Workers organization and its purpose.
• Discuss the impact of these movements on Latino history.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 114

114) Explain the concept of racial profiling.

Feedback:

• Define racial profiling.
• Explain the impact of racial profiling on minority groups.
• Provide examples.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 115

115) What was the California Alien Land Law of 1913?

Feedback:

• Describe the California Alien Land Law of 1913.
• Explain why this law came about.
• Discuss its impact.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 116

116) A stereotype that emerged in the 1960s for Asian groups in America was that they were a "model minority." Explain what this term means.

Feedback:

• Define model minority.
• Provide examples of what a model minority looks like in comparison with minority groups that are not “model.”
• Explain the implication of this idea for Asians and larger American society.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 117

117) What was the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924?

Feedback:

• Describe the Indian Citizenship Act of 1924.
• Explain the historical relationship between Native Americans and the U.S. government.
• Discuss the impact of the Indian Citizenship Act on Native Americans today.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 118

118) Define the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and elaborate on its impact in American life.

Feedback:

• Define the American with Disabilities Act of 1990.
• Provide examples of what this law does.
• Explain its impact on American life.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 119

119) Explain what the term civil union means and how it compares to marriage.

Feedback:

• Define civil union.
• Compare civil unions with marriage for gay Americans.
• Name states that have allowed same-sex marriage, as well as states that have instead defined marriage as being between a man and a woman.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 120

120) What is the Lilly Ledbetter Law? Why do you think President Obama chose that as the first law to sign as president?

Feedback:

• Define the Lilly Ledbetter Law.
• Explain how it came about.
• Discuss the political implications of signing this law.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 121

121) Gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities have moved from taboo to mainstream. Nevertheless, the conflict over marriage and childrearing remains a flash point of contemporary culture wars. Why do you think this is the case?

Feedback:

• Discuss the evolution of perceptions of gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities.
• Provide examples of changes in social acceptance of these groups.
• Suggest reasons for the changes.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 122

122) Same-sex marriage rights are an important issue for the gay, lesbian, bisexual, and transgender communities. What are the reasons for the demand for these rights? For those against these marriage rights, what are the reasons to deny them and allow only civil unions?

Feedback:

• Discuss why those who support same-sex marriage want to have these rights.
• Discusses why those who oppose same-sex marriage want these rights to be denied.
• Compare marriage rights with the rights allowed in civil unions.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 123

123) How do groups define themselves?

Feedback:

• • Discuss discrimination.
  • Explain how the view of others plays into group definition.
  • Discuss adoption of a new name.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 124

124) How does federalism come into play with equality?

Feedback:

• • Groups are connected to all levels of government.
  • They are concentrated in certain areas and experience discrimination at the local level.
  • State and local officials control policies that affect civil rights.
  • Reforms come from state and local governments.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 125

125) Which branch is usually the ice breaker for civil rights?

Feedback:

• • Discuss the executive branch and the president.
  • Discuss executive orders.
  • President creates opportunities and momentum for civil rights.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 126

126) What role did the Missouri Compromise of 1820 play in slavery?

Feedback:

• • Drew a line for slave states versus free states.
  • Created a standard for keeping balance in the Senate.
  • Allowed westward movement to be balanced.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 127

127) How did the Fifteenth Amendment affect voting?

Feedback:

• • Allowed former male slaves to vote.
  • Two African Americans elected to U.S. Senate.
  • Twenty-one African Americans elected to House of Representatives.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 128

128) What were Black codes?

Feedback:

• • State and local government regulations.
  • Tied Blacks to the land.
  • Restricted movement of Blacks.
  • Stripped Blacks of voting rights, property rights.
  • Backed by the Ku Klux Klan.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 129

129) What role did the Freedmen’s Bureau play?

Feedback:

• • Organized by Congress.
  • Assisted former slaves.
  • Reconstruction helped rebuild the South.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 130

130) Discuss Jim Crow laws.

Feedback:

• • Southern system of segregation.
  • Segregated races.
  • African Americans could not go to white schools, play in the park, or do many other things (list three or four).
  • Violently enforced.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 131

131) Has the United States marched toward greater civil rights for all? Or has the progress been unsteady?

Feedback:

• • • • • Discuss the steps toward civil rights throughout American history.
        • Provide analysis of whether progress has been made consistently or has been subject to reversals.
        • Provide examples of progress toward civil rights for all.
        • Identify potential threats to civil rights equality.
        • Offer suggestions on how to ensure that civil rights equality can keep moving forward.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 132

132) Elaborate on the seven steps to gaining political rights.

Feedback:

• • • • • Analyze the seven steps for gaining rights.
        • Compare the steps with each other.
        • Provide examples of minority groups that have gained political rights.
        • Suggest ways the process can be accelerated.
        • Analyze ways the process has changed.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 133

133) Most Americans preferred to ignore the issue of slavery, but a group of abolitionists fought to end it. Describe the abolition movement in the context of its times. Are there equivalent movements today? Could they be as successful as the abolitionists were?

Feedback:

• Examine the historical development of slavery in America.
• Discuss the rise of the abolitionist movement.
• Examine the techniques used by abolitionists to raise awareness of the evils of slavery.
• Compare the abolitionist movement with modern movements.
• Suggest the possible political impact of modern movements.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 134

134) Elaborate on the 1857 Supreme Court ruling in the Dred Scott v. Sandford case. What was its impact on American history? Was the Civil War an inevitable result?

Feedback:

• Discuss the context of American politics in the 1850s.
• Examine the particulars of the Dred Scott v. Sandford case.
• Present the reasoning used by the Supreme Court majority to justify its decision.
• Discuss the case’s impact on American history.
• Suggest potential alternative results of the case.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 135

135) The Fourteenth Amendment (1868) made anyone born in the United States an American citizen. Today, the provision is at the heart of the immigration debate; even the children of undocumented immigrants, born on American soil, are American citizens. Some feel that these children should not be citizens, since their parents were here illegally. What is your view on this matter? Is there an alternative to the current interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment that is still in keeping with American values of equality and inclusion?

Feedback:

• Present the historical context of the drafting of the Fourteenth Amendment.
• Discuss current issues regarding immigration (anchor babies, birth-travel tourism, etc.) specific to provisions of the Fourteenth Amendment.
• Present arguments for and against keeping the Fourteenth Amendment as it is.
• Share an informed opinion on this matter.
• Suggest potential alternatives to the current interpretation of the Fourteenth Amendment that are still in keeping with American values of equality and inclusion.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 136

136) In 1909, the NAACP began fighting segregation. In 1941, it finally won the first executive order on race since Reconstruction. What was this landmark decision, and what pushed President Roosevelt to act?

Feedback:

• Discuss the founding of the NAACP.
• Analyze the political context of 1941 under the Roosevelt administration.
• Explain what executive orders are.
• Examine the impact of the executive order.
• Present reasons for Roosevelt’s actions.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 137

137) Many of the remedies for past discrimination have appeared to guarantee equality of outcome: reserving jobs or opportunities for individuals based on their race or gender. Is this necessary to right past wrongs? If so, for how long? And are these remedies—extended to minorities and women—unfair to white men?

Feedback:

• Define equality of outcome.
• Present the history and practice of affirmative action.
• Discuss examples of past wrongs done to groups.
• Express an opinion about how long affirmative action is necessary.
• Discuss whether affirmative action is effective.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 138

138) Despite the recent rise in the percentage of women in Congress, the United States ranks eighty-second in this regard. Why? Should the government do anything to change this? What could be done?

Feedback:

• Discuss historical discrimination against women.
• Describe efforts in place to help women obtain equal rights.
• Discuss the history of women and political power.
• Present an opinion about whether government should take steps to give women more seats in Congress and other political institutions.
• Suggest ways in which women can obtain greater political power.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 139

139) Discuss at length the purpose of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission. Has it been effective?

Feedback:

• Describe the history of the creation of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
• Give examples of past discrimination in the United States.
• Discuss the role and tasks of the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission.
• Present an opinion about its effectiveness.
• Suggest activities the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission could undertake to be more effective.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 140

140) Elaborate on the history and purpose of the National Organization for Women (NOW), formed in 1966.

Feedback:

• Discuss the history of discrimination against women.
• Explain the history of the National Organization for Women.
• Discuss the purpose of the National Organization for Women.
• Examine the National Organization for Women’s effectiveness.
• Suggest additional steps that could be taken to address discrimination against women.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 141

141) The controversy over language reflects the constant changes in American culture. Currently, Hispanics are the largest minority group in America. Should English be made the official language of the United States?

Feedback:

• Examine the growth in the numbers of Hispanics in America.
• Discuss the historical debate over whether immigrants should speak other languages in the United States.
• Discuss Supreme Court cases regarding students receiving instruction in languages other than English.
• Present an opinion about whether efforts should be made for language availability.
• Discuss the implications of making English the official language.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 142

142) Today, a pan-Latino movement seeks to find common ground and mobilize voters around issues that transcend any one country or group. Some Hispanics worry that a pan-Latino outlook may lead to the loss of national identity and pride; others respond that finding common cause is an important step to political influence. Discuss which argument you support and why.

Feedback:

• Discuss the pan-Latino movement.
• Discuss the diversity of Latino culture, national origins, and political opinions.
• Explain why some believe a pan-Latino outlook could lead to loss of national identity and pride.
• Explain why some believe that building common cause can lead to greater political influence.
• Present an opinion on which point of view might be more correct.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 143

143) Hispanics are a potentially powerful political block that has recently been voting over 70 percent Democratic. If this trend continues, they may very well convert swing states like Colorado and Florida to solidly Democratic states in the future unless the Republican Party finds a way to reach out and include them. What should the Republican Party do to garner more Hispanic votes? How can the Democrats respond?

Feedback:

• Discuss Hispanic political identity.
• Explain key events that have made Hispanics more likely to support Democrats.
• Discuss the Electoral College and the fight in presidential elections for electoral votes from key “swing” states that could support either party.
• Discuss efforts the Republicans have made and could make to reach out to Hispanics.
• Describe ways in which Democrats have responded to Republicans’ efforts, and suggest additional ways in which they could counteract these efforts.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 144

144) As a group, Asian Americans have the highest education level and the highest median personal income among American population groups. What factors have contributed to their success? Can other groups follow their example?

Feedback:

• Explain the history of Asian Americans in the United States.
• Discuss key events, such as the Japanese internment, that have molded Asian American attitudes about America.
• Compare Asian American experiences historically with those of other groups.
• Discuss factors that have contributed to Asian Americans’ success.
• Present an opinion on whether these factors are unique to Asian Americans or whether other groups could follow their example.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 145

145) American Indian poverty rates are approximately double the national rates and stand at 25 percent—well above any other American group. Native American life expectancy is lower than the national average. Native Americans also suffer from low education levels and high infant mortality rates—again, with rates worse than those of most other groups but somewhat better than those for African Americans. Discuss what the U.S. government can do to help improve these statistics.

Feedback:

• Discuss the history of Native Americans with respect to the U.S. government.
• Discuss the reaction of Native Americans to ongoing problems—the debate over the “ethnic minority” or “tribal movement” positions.
• Discuss steps the federal government can take to assist Native Americans.
• Suggest ways in which Native American life can improve.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 146

146) What led to the 1969 riot in a New York City gay bar? Explain the political consequences of this event for gay Americans. What other key events have occurred that have led to greater political power for gay Americans?

Feedback:

• Explain the factors that led to the Stonewall riots.
• Examine American social and political attitudes toward gay Americans.
• Discuss key political events, such as the implementation and ending of “don’t ask, don’t tell,” that have affected gay activism.
• Discuss the movement in support of same-sex marriage.
• Suggest some implications of greater political power for gay America.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 147

147) What role did the Compromise of 1850 play in the slavery issue?

Feedback:

• • Permitted California to enter as a free state.
  • Recognized popular sovereignty; allowed states to determine free or slave status.
  • Fugitive Slave Law.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 148

148) How did southern governments gut the Fifteenth Amendment?

Feedback:

• • Grandfather clauses.
  • Poll tax.
  • Literacy test.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 149

149) Discuss the importance of Plessy v. Ferguson.

Feedback:

• • 1896 Supreme Court case that permitted racial segregation.
  • Held that the Constitution cannot equalize people.
  • Ruled that “separate but equal” treatment was not discriminatory.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 06 Question 150

150) Discuss the importance of President Franklin Roosevelt in the Civil Rights years.

Feedback:

• • Barred racial discrimination by defense contractors.
  • Created the Fair Employment Practices Committee.
  • Appointed eight Supreme Court Justices; created a court sympathetic to civil-rights claims.