Ch9 Verified Test Bank Interest Groups And Political Parties

Chapter 9: Interest Groups and Political Parties

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 01

1) Which political party is known as the “Grand Old Party"?

Feedback: factual

a. Democrats

b. Republicans

c. Independents

d. Whigs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 02

2) Which political party is known for its strong environmental policy positions?

Feedback: applied

a. Republicans

b. Independents

c. Democrats

d. Libertarians

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 03

3) Which Green Party candidate in the 2000 presidential election upset the results in the state of Florida?

Feedback: factual

a. Al Gore

b. Jeb Bush

c. Ralph Nader

d. Jerry Brown

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 04

4) Who or what determines ballot access in American elections?

Feedback: applied

a. Supreme Court

b. Federal Elections Commission

c. Federal laws

d. State laws

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 05

5) What type of party system does the United States have today?

Feedback: applied

a. A two-and-a-half party system

b. A single-party system

c. A two-party system

d. A multiparty system

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 06

6) How many members are in the United States House of Representatives?

Feedback: factual

a. 435

b. 471

c. 443

d. 376

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 07

7) In U.S. history, who is the only third-party candidate to ever finish second in a presidential election?

Feedback: factual

a. Woodrow Wilson

b. William Howard Taft

c. Theodore Roosevelt

d. Ross Perot

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 08

8) The _______ provide(s) support for a party’s candidates and elected officials.

Feedback: conceptual

a. standing committees in Congress

b. party planks

c. party organizations

d. Electoral College

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 09

9) What do the initials RNC stand for as they relate to political party organizations?

Feedback: factual

a. Republican National Conference

b. Republican Native Committee

c. Republicans Never Commit

d. Republican National Committee

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 10

10) What is the document that contains a political party’s core convictions and issue priorities?

Feedback: applied

a. The party statement

b. The party constitution

c. The party platform

d. The party compact

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 11

11) Which is the least organized part of the tripartite party structure?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Party organizations

b. Party in government

c. Party in the electorate

d. All three parts are equally disorganized

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 12

12) In the first party system, who was more inclined to advocate for a strong national government?

Feedback: applied

a. Anti-Federalist Party

b. Democratic Republican Party

c. Bull Moose Party

d. Federalist Party

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 13

13) In the first party system, who was more inclined to advocate for a weaker national government and more states’ rights?

Feedback: applied

a. Anti-Federalist Party

b. Democratic Republican Party

c. Bull Moose Party

d. Federalist Party

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 14

14) Which party system witnessed the birth of modern party politics?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The second

b. The third

c. The fourth

d. The fifth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 15

15) The Whig Party in the United States got its name from Britain, where the term stood for opposition to

Feedback: conceptual

a. monarchy.

b. authoritarian rule.

c. tyranny or mob rule.

d. the House of Lords.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 16

16) How many national parties fielded a presidential nominee in 2020?

Feedback: applied

a. 15

b. 11

c. 7

d. 2

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 17

17) “A hierarchical arrangement of party workers, often organized in an urban area to help integrate immigrants and minority groups into the political system” is the textbook’s definition of what?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Party boss

b. National party organization

c. Party machine

d. State party organization

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 18

18) Who won the election of 1896, which marks the beginning of the fourth party system in the United States?

Feedback: applied

a. William Jennings Bryan

b. William McKinley

c. William Howard Taft

d. Woodrow Wilson

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 19

19) A primary tension during the fourth party system was between which of the following?

Feedback: applied

a. Big business and progressive reform favoring fair pay and better working conditions

b. Pro-slavery and anti-slavery factions

c. Those advocating the admission of new states and those who felt the country had grown too large

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 20

20) Who was president during the New Deal?

Feedback: factual

a. Franklin D. Roosevelt

b. Theodore Roosevelt

c. William McKinley

d. Woodrow Wilson

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 21

21) Prior to the New Deal, which political party was considered the most progressive in the promotion of civil rights and social justice?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Republicans

b. Democrats

c. Populists

d. Know-Nothings

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 22

22) Which political party dominated in the fifth party system?

Feedback: applied

a. Republicans

b. Democrats

c. Populists

d. Know-Nothings

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 23

23) What statement best characterizes party electoral competition in the sixth party system?

Feedback: applied

a. Too close to call

b. Democratic Party dominance

c. Republican Party dominance

d. No competition exists

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 24

24) Which two Republican presidential candidates developed a “southern strategy” that, in the end, converted the South to a Republican region of the country?

Feedback: applied

a. Nixon and Reagan

b. Goldwater and Nixon

c. Reagan and George H. W. Bush

d. Dole and George W. Bush

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 25

25) Around what year did the sixth, and current, party system begin?

Feedback: applied

a. 1972

b. 1964

c. 1984

d. 2002

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 26

26) Which group, on average, is more likely to support the Republican Party?

Feedback: factual

a. Puerto Rican Americans

b. Women

c. Men

d. Mexican Americans

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 27

27) People who are more open and agreeable tend to be strong

Feedback: conceptual

a. independents.

b. Democrats.

c. Republicans.

d. Libertarians.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 28

28) “Party members who tend to vote loyally for their party’s candidates in most elections” is the textbook's definition of

Feedback: applied

a. split-ticket voters.

b. straight-ticket voters.

c. base voters.

d. loyalists.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 29

29) Which type of voting is most likely to lead to divided government?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Split-ticket voting

b. Straight-ticket voting

c. Base voting

d. Loyalist voting

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 30

30) Which of the following has not been identified as a probable cause of individual party identification?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Personality

b. Parental influence

c. Careful study of political issues

d. Political context

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 31

31) In which decade were political scientists guessing that political parties might be going away?

Feedback: factual

a. 1940s

b. 1950s

c. 1960s

d. 1990s

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 32

32) A meeting of all Democrats or all Republicans in either the House of Representatives or the Senate is commonly known as a

Feedback: applied

a. party manifesto.

b. party caucus.

c. party platform.

d. party meeting.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 33

33) Differences within each of the two major parties in Congress

Feedback: conceptual

a. have all but disappeared.

b. have intensified dramatically in recent years.

c. intensified dramatically in the 1990s but have waned a little since then.

d. have stayed about the same over time.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 34

34) People who are worried about bitter partisanship suggest that

Feedback: conceptual

a. it was the Founders' intention.

b. it is based on constitutional principles.

c. it leads to bad policy.

d. it leads to entertaining drama.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 35

35) People who are worried about bitter partisanship suggest that

Feedback: conceptual

a. it was the Founders’ intention.

b. it discourages good people from running for office.

c. it has always been this way.

d. it leads to entertaining drama.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 36

36) What term signifies that at least one house of Congress is controlled by a party different from the party in control of the White House?

Feedback: applied

a. Checks and balances

b. Divided government

c. Separation of powers

d. Party division

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 37

37) Which statement is true as it relates to major party competition in the United States today?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The parties work together more today than in the 1960s.

b. The parties work together less today than at any time in the recent past.

c. The parties work together more today than in the 1930s.

d. The parties work together less today than in the 1960s but more than in the 1950s.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 38

38) How many single-member districts are used to elect members of the House of Representatives?

Feedback: factual

a. 500

b. 270

c. 50

d. 435

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 39

39) In the United States, how many people are elected to the House of Representatives from each district?

Feedback: applied

a. One

b. Two

c. Four

d. Fifteen

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 40

40) What do the initials “PR” normally stand for as they relate to electoral systems?

Feedback: applied

a. Plurality rule

b. Proportional return

c. Poorly represented

d. Proportional representation

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 41

41) Which of the following arguments is made by individuals who advocate for proportional representative elections?

Feedback: conceptual

a. They would lead to better policy by ensuring that a wider spectrum of policy options are considered.

b. They would help ensure that only the most educated are allowed to vote.

c. They would prevent third parties from confusing electoral options.

d. They would lead to better policy by limiting the number of voices that are heard in Congress.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 42

42) Which of the following arguments is made by individuals who advocate for proportional representation elections?

Feedback: conceptual

a. They would increase representation of women and minorities.

b. They would help to prevent coalition governments.

c. They would discourage multiparty democracy.

d. They would increase the influence of elites and the most educated.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 43

43) Which of the following is an example of how third political parties are discouraged by the U.S. electoral system?

Feedback: conceptual

a. They are disadvantaged by proportional representation election laws.

b. They are disadvantaged by multimember districts.

c. They are outlawed in many states.

d. It is difficult to get on the ballot in many states.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 44

44) For approximately how many years have political parties existed in the United States?

Feedback: factual

a. 75

b. 150

c. 220

d. 300

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 45

45) What is the street in downtown Washington, DC, that is home to the headquarters of many lobbying firms and interest groups?

Feedback: factual

a. I Street

b. K Street

c. M Street

d. P Street

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 46

46) James Madison warns against interest groups in the

Feedback: factual

a. Declaration of Independence.

b. Constitution.

c. Federalist Papers.

d. New York Times.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 47

47) Madison refers to interest groups in the Federalist Papers as

Feedback: factual

a. lobbyists.

b. factions.

c. special interests.

d. political parties.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 48

48) Which of the following terms does not refer to a group that is primarily interested in gaining the support of government to pursue its specific policy goals?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Allied group

b. Special interest group

c. Faction

d. Interest group

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 49

49) An interest group is defined as

Feedback: factual

a. an organization whose goal is to influence citizens.

b. an organization whose goal is to get members elected to office.

c. an organization whose goal is to disrupt the lawmaking process.

d. an organization whose goal is to influence government.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 50

50) The two important elements in the definition of an interest group are

Feedback: conceptual

a. membership and money.

b. organization and influence.

c. bribery and blackmail.

d. persuasion and information.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 51

51) A _______ is an individual who contacts government officials on behalf of a particular cause or issue.

Feedback: applied

a. lobbyist

b. constituent

c. member of Congress

d. specialist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 52

52) According to the text, which of the following is an example of an interest group?

Feedback: applied

a. AARP

b. Lockheed-Martin

c. American Israel Public Affairs Committee

d. U.S. Chamber of Commerce

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 53

53) Which of the following is not a primary function of interest groups?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Informing members about political developments

b. Buying the votes of members of Congress

c. Communicating members’ views to government officials

d. Mobilizing the public

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 54

54) Which branch of government do lobbyists contact to convey their opinions and push their policy priorities?

Feedback: applied

a. The executive branch

b. The legislative branch

c. The judicial branch

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 55

55) Since 2000, spending by registered lobbyists has

Feedback: applied

a. stayed roughly the same.

b. decreased greatly.

c. consistently increased.

d. increased in some years and decreased in other years.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 56

56) What is the percentage of former members of the 115^th Congress (2017–2019) who now work as lobbyists?

Feedback: factual

a. 78 percent

b. 62 percent

c. 51 percent

d. 45 percent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 57

57) When an issue arises in Washington that is of interest to a group, the group tends to

Feedback: applied

a. gain more members.

b. boost its spending.

c. get less attention from legislators.

d. gain more members but get less attention from legislators.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 58

58) The number of lobbyists registered with Congress in 2019 was

Feedback: factual

a. 11,862.

b. 25,987.

c. 9,432.

d. over 25,000.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 59

59) When does a bunch of people start to become an interest group?

Feedback: factual

a. When they register with Congress

b. When they start raising money

c. When they organize

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 60

60) What is the second step in becoming an interest group?

Feedback: conceptual

a. When they begin to influence government

b. When they register with Congress

c. When they raise $100,000

d. When they are recorded in the Federal Register

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 61

61) The lobbying restrictions imposed in 1995 limited

Feedback: factual

a. the number of members of Congress a lobbyist can contact.

b. the gifts that lobbyists can give members of Congress.

c. lobbyists' activities so much that the total number in Washington, DC, declined by half.

d. the total number of lobbyists able to work in Washington, DC.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 62

62) Lobbyists offer benefits to

Feedback: applied

a. Members of the House of Representatives

b. State legislatures

c. Members of the Senate

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 63

63) Beginning in the mid-1960s, the number of lobbyists

Feedback: factual

a. increased dramatically.

b. decreased dramatically.

c. stayed the same as it had been earlier.

d. decreased only slightly.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 64

64) Madison suggests that the way to deal with the threats posed by factions is to

Feedback: factual

a. outlaw them.

b. increase their numbers.

c. ignore them.

d. limit their numbers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 65

65) Interest groups today represent which of the following?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Virtually every political and social topic and concern

b. A limited number of political and social groups

c. A small number of wealthy individuals

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 66

66) Most Americans are represented by how many interest groups?

Feedback: factual

a. Fewer than 5

b. Dozens

c. Over 50

d. Interest groups do not work for people

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 67

67) Which founding father warned against interest groups in the Federalist Papers?

Feedback: factual

a. James Madison

b. Alexander Hamilton

c. John Jay

d. George Washington

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 68

68) A _______ is a group of lobbyists working on related topics or a specific legislative proposal.

Feedback: factual

a. special interest

b. faction

c. membership group

d. lobbying coalition

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 69

69) Who is a lobbyist?

Feedback: applied

a. A straight-ticket voter

b. A person who writes a letter to the editor

c. A person who stands outside the state capital building

d. A person contacting government officials on behalf of a cause

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 70

70) When interest groups mobilize the public, they typically reach out through which of the following?

Feedback: applied

a. TV ads

b. Facebook posts

c. Direct mail postcards

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 71

71) Pluralism is defined as

Feedback: factual

a. an open, participatory style of government in which many different interests are represented.

b. a closed system of government in which only a limited number of individuals are represented.

c. a system that benefits only the wealthy.

d. an open style of government in which a limited number of individuals are represented.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 72

72) The bank bailouts of 2008–2009 are best explained by

Feedback: applied

a. demosclerosis.

b. power elite theory.

c. hyperpluralism.

d. demosclerosis and power elite theory.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 73

73) What is an issue network?

Feedback: conceptual

a. A shifting alliance of public and private interest groups, lawmakers, and other stakeholders, all focused on the same policy area

b. The cozy relationship in one issue area among interest group lobbyist, congressional staffer, and executive-branch agency

c. An organization run by the White House staff

d. The relationship between the president and the cabinet

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 74

74) Which term describes attempts by public officials in one part of the government to influence their counterparts in another part of government?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Social lobbying

b. Reverse lobbying

c. Intergovernmental lobbying

d. Bureaucratic rule making

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 75

75) Which term refers to attempts by government officials to influence interest groups on behalf of their preferred policies?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Reverse lobbying

b. Bureaucratic rule making

c. Social lobbying

d. Intergovernmental lobbying

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 76

76) What kind of lobbying did President Obama use in the early stages of health care reform?

Feedback: factual

a. Intergovernmental lobbying

b. Independent lobbying

c. Social lobbying

d. Reverse lobbying

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 77

77) Which describes the access that lobbyists have to Supreme Court justices?

Feedback: factual

a. It is similar to the access they have to the president and Congress.

b. It is nearly unlimited.

c. It is meager, almost nonexistent.

d. None of the answer choices is correct; lobbyists do not feel they need to try to influence the Court.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 78

78) The most important role of interest groups within the judicial system is

Feedback: conceptual

a. sponsoring class-action lawsuits.

b. appointing judges.

c. pushing for members to become judges.

d. writing appellate court decisions.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 79

79) What are the DNC and RNC, and what function do they perform?

Feedback:

The national party committees.

Assist party candidates in electoral contests.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 80

80) What role did the Green Party play in the 2000 presidential election?

Feedback:

Spoiler.

Bush won Florida’s Electoral College votes as a result of votes for Green candidate.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 81

81) Which is the least organized of the three parts of a party, and why?

Feedback:

Party in the electorate, because it is the largest, and there are no qualifications for membership.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 82

82) How would you characterize the first two presidents (Washington and Adams) in terms of their involvement in party politics?

Feedback:

Above the fray—not involved.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 83

83) Which political parties dominated the second party system (ca. 1828–1860)?

Feedback:

Whigs and Democrats.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 84

84) What are some proposals for reform? Can you think of others?

Feedback:

Regulate interest groups.

Proportional representation.

Reduce partisanship in government.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 85

85) Who was president during the New Deal, and what reforms did he promote?

Feedback:

Franklin Roosevelt.

Job creation, infrastructure improvements.

Government aid to the elderly (Social Security).

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 86

86) What is the difference between straight-ticket voting and split-ticket voting?

Feedback:

Voting for one party’s candidates only versus splitting vote between the candidates of the two parties.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 87

87) What is meant by the term divided government?

Feedback:

At least one chamber of Congress is controlled by a party different from the one occupying the White House.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 88

88) What is meant by the term party caucus?

Feedback:

A meeting of all House or Senate members of one or the other main party, usually to discuss political and policy strategies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 89

89) What explains the decline of political parties in the 1960s?

Feedback:

Increased competition with interest groups.

A broader libertarian spirit.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 90

90) How does ideological conflict break down in both the House and the Senate today?

Feedback:

Ideology determined by party, with no overlap.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 91

91) Discuss the first contested election and the first time the White House changed party hands.

Feedback:

Democratic-Republican Thomas Jefferson won over Federalist incumbent president John Adams.

Democratic-Republicans would dominate next six presidential elections.

Federalists noted that Jefferson won by carrying slave states, in which population was inflated by addition of three-fifths of a vote for each slave.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 92

92) What do proportional representation elections look like? How do they work?

Feedback:

Parties represented in the legislature in proportion to their support among the electorate.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 93

93) Discuss two barriers to third parties' chances in American elections.

Feedback:

Major parties adopt issues.

Winner take all.

State laws determine who gets on ballot, making it difficult for third parties to qualify.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 94

94) Discuss characteristics of the current party system that differentiate modern partisan alignment from partisan alignments in earlier eras.

Feedback:

Today, there is no dominant party.

The current era is defined by intense electoral competition.

It is easier to differentiate between the issue positions of the two parties today.

The change did not start abruptly; its origin cannot be easily tied to a single event or series of events.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 95

95) Describe the role of “party machines” in the third party system.

Feedback:

Controlled local governments.

Enfranchised newly arriving immigrants.

Development of patronage networks used to recruit government employees.

Provided social services to party loyalists.

Provided a ladder for upward social mobility for newly arriving immigrants.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 96

96) Discuss the policy changes that occurred during the New Deal.

Feedback:

Focused on jobs.

Infrastructure improvements.

Government aid to the elderly (Social Security).

Temporary assistance for the needy (unemployment insurance, welfare).

New federal government agencies to manage it all.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 97

97) Why do party systems matter? In other words, why do we continue to study the phenomenon of changing party alignments?

Feedback:

A new party system means new politics.

Coalitions of voters, ideas, and political leaders determine how America is governed.

Party alignment determines important policy questions, such as universal health insurance, troop commitments, and tax policies.

Many political decisions depend on the party—and ideas—in power.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 09 Question 98

98) What story can be told about the state of political parties, today? Are they thriving or not?

Feedback:

After declining thirty to forty years ago, both main political parties are now thriving.

Parties are highly competitive—recent national elections have featured narrow margins of victory in presidential races and frequent shifts in party control.

This competition has been accompanied by—and likely helped to fuel—a rise in partisan differences.

Most Americans—and many social scientists—believe that partisanship is affecting the quality of American government. The intensity of the conflict, they believe, will weaken our institutions.