Test Bank Docx Federalism And Nationalism Chapter 3 5e

Chapter 3: Federalism and Nationalism

Test Bank

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 1

1) A sanctuary city is a safe haven for

Feedback: factual

a. ex-convicts.

b. undocumented people.

c. welfare recipients.

d. single parents.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 2

2) Which form of government favors a central government exercising all or most political authority?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Unitary government

b. Confederation

c. Loosely coupled federation

d. Federal government

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 3

3) Which type of government did the American colonists rebel against?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Unitary government

b. Confederation

c. Loosely coupled federation

d. Federal government

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 4

4) Which of the following is not a national government responsibility outlined in the Constitution?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Providing education

b. Declaring war

c. Coining money

d. Regulating commerce between the states

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 5

5) Which level(s) of government is (are) responsible for regulating business?

Feedback: applied

a. Federal

b. State

c. Local

d. Federal and state

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 6

6) The first governing system of the United States is described in

Feedback: factual

a. the Constitution.

b. the Articles of Confederation.

c. the Declaration of Independence.

d. the Bill of Rights.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 7

7) Which of the following is a weakness of a confederation?

Feedback: conceptual

a. More local control over policy

b. Weak central authority

c. More power in the states

d. Unclear individual rights

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 8

8) Public education is a good example of which kind of power or powers?

Feedback: applied

a. Federal

b. State

c. Concurrent

d. Local

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 9

9) Americans typically have more trust in which level of government?

Feedback: factual

a. Federal

b. State

c. Foreign

d. Local

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 10

10) Which of the following is not an advantage of federalism?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Coordination across levels of government

b. Protecting individual rights

c. Providing sources of innovation

d. Responsiveness to local needs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 11

11) Diffusion of policies relates to which advantage of federalism?

Feedback: factual

a. Choosing between communities

b. Protecting individual rights

c. Providing sources of innovation

d. Responsiveness to local needs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 12

12) The term laboratories of federalism relates to which advantage of federalism?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Choosing between communities

b. Protecting individual rights

c. Providing sources of innovation

d. Responsiveness to local needs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 13

13) States can offer more protection for individual rights. An example of such protection involves

Feedback: conceptual

a. same-sex marriage.

b. national security.

c. interstate commerce.

d. the highway system.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 14

14) Diffusion works best in federalist systems, where _______ officials have authority to implement pilot programs and advertise their success or failure.

Feedback: factual

a. Federal

b. Private-sector

c. State

d. All

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 15

15) Citizens in Massachusetts may prefer greater government involvement in social policies than citizens in Montana. Which advantage of federalism relates to this difference?

Feedback: factual

a. Choosing between communities

b. Protecting individual rights

c. Providing sources of innovation

d. Responsiveness to local needs

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 16

16) Which of the following is not an advantage of national policy in a federalism system?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Fairness

b. Individual rights

c. Equalization of resources

d. Standardization of best practices

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 17

17) Ambiguity in federalism can lead to a dispute regarding

Feedback: applied

a. coordination.

b. innovation.

c. authority.

d. payment.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 18

18) The government response to Hurricane Katrina exemplifies which advantage of federalism?

Feedback: applied

a. Equalization of resources

b. Race to the bottom

c. Poor policies

d. Inequalities across layers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 19

19) Which of the following describes the situation in which states or localities cut programs (and taxes) to attract more business?

Feedback: applied

a. Coordination

b. Race to the bottom

c. Poor policies

d. Inequalities across layers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 20

20) Which of the following is not a power granted to Congress?

Feedback: applied

a. Organizing state elections

b. Handling U.S. foreign policy

c. Establishing post offices

d. Raising an army

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 21

21) What is the name for a power that is explicitly identified in the Constitution?

Feedback: applied

a. Enumerated

b. Necessary and proper

c. Implied

d. Informal

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 22

22) _______ powers can be thought of as those implied by, but not specifically named in, the Constitution.

Feedback: applied

a. Inherent

b. Enumerated

c. Expressed

d. Concurrent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 23

23) Which amendment to the Constitution provides the foundation for states’ rights?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Fourth

b. Tenth

c. Twelfth

d. Fourteenth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 24

24) The Tenth Amendment Restoration Act would require a full review of

Feedback: conceptual

a. federal budgets.

b. election results.

c. national executive agencies.

d. state budgets.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 25

25) The Tenth Amendment relates to and demonstrates best which type of powers?

Feedback: factual

a. Reserved

b. Concurrent

c. Inherent

d. Implied

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 26

26) Which of the following is not an example of a reserved power?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Organizing state elections

b. Coining money

c. Providing public education

d. Public health

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 27

27) The same-sex marriage debate is often discussed in terms of the

Feedback: conceptual

a. necessary and proper clause.

b. full faith and credit clause.

c. supremacy clause.

d. inherent powers clauseT

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 28

28) Which part of the Constitution says that each state should recognize and uphold laws passed by other states?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The necessary and proper clause

b. The full faith and credit clause

c. The supremacy clause

d. The inherent powers clause

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 29

29) States gain much of their power from the _______ Amendment.

Feedback: conceptual

a. Eighth

b. Tenth

c. Twelfth

d. Fourteenth

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 30

30) Building railways, borrowing money, and regulating business are examples of _______ powers.

Feedback: conceptual

a. police

b. reserved

c. inherent

d. concurrent

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 31

31) The layer cake model demonstrates which era of federalism?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Cooperative federalism

b. Dual federalism

c. New federalism

d. “New” new federalism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 32

32) Under dual federalism, which of the following is not one of the three major areas of responsibility for the federal government?

Feedback: applied

a. International relations

b. Internal improvements

c. Regulation of commerce between the states

d. Provision of public education in the states

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 33

33) _______ federalism argues for the clear division of governing authority between national and state governments.

Feedback: conceptual

a. Dual

b. Cooperative

c. Progressive

d. New

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 34

34) If Virginia law conflicts with federal law, which clause states that federal law will prevail?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The supremacy clause

b. The full faith and credit clause

c. The elastic clause

d. The inherent powers clause

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 35

35) The _______ says that the national government may wield powers “necessary and proper” to support its function.

Feedback: factual

a. supremacy clause

b. full faith and credit clause

c. elastic clause

d. inherent powers clause

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 36

36) Cooperative federalism is most often attributed to the policies of which president?

Feedback: factual

a. T. Roosevelt

b. B. Clinton

c. W. Wilson

d. F. Roosevelt

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 37

37) What historical event gave rise to greater cooperation between levels of government?

Feedback: factual

a. The Dust Bowl

b. The Great Depression

c. The Civil War

d. The Revolutionary War

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 38

38) Which of the following is not a concurrent power of national and state government?

Feedback: applied

a. Taxing citizens

b. Signing treaties

c. Constructing bridges

d. Regulating business

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 39

39) Which of the following is not an example of a concurrent power?

Feedback: applied

a. Construction of bridges

b. Transportation

c. Taxation

d. National defense

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 40

40) Block grants provide what type of funds for specific government services?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Variable

b. Interest-rate contingent

c. Fixed

d. Per-service variable

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 41

41) Which of the following is a key feature of progressive federalism?

Feedback: conceptual

a. State sets program goals

b. State innovations

c. National innovations

d. Local program goals

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 42

42) _______ is defined as the transfer of authority from national to state or local governments.

Feedback: conceptual

a. Supremacy

b. Devolution

c. Elasticity

d. Power-seeking theory

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 43

43) Which president is associated with introducing block grants to states for welfare services?

Feedback: conceptual

a. G. W. Bush

b. G. H. W. Bush

c. F. Roosevelt

d. R. Reagan

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 44

44) The two largest expansions of Medicare came under a president from what political party?

Feedback: applied

a. Republican

b. Democratic

c. Libertarian

d. Socialist

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 45

45) Which of the following is an example of an unfunded mandate?

Feedback: conceptual

a. New environmental standards for coal mines

b. New safety requirements on commuter trains

c. New university requirements

d. New minimum wage

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 46

46) Republicans continue to urge _______ control on most issues.

Feedback: conceptual

a. federal

b. federal and state

c. state and local

d. federal and local

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 47

47) Democrats continue to urge _______ control on most issues.

Feedback: conceptual

a. federal

b. federal and state

c. state and local

d. federal and local

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 48

48) Which president rewrote welfare legislation, giving increased authority and discretion to state and local government officials?

Feedback: conceptual

a. G. W. Bush

b. G. H. W. Bush

c. F. Roosevelt

d. B. Clinton

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 49

49) Which era of federalism favors high levels of national funding and a high degree of national supervision?

Feedback: applied

a. Dual federalism

b. Cooperative federalism

c. New federalism

d. “New” new federalism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 50

50) _______ federalism is characterized by low levels of national funding and a low degree of national supervision.

Feedback: applied

a. Dual

b. Cooperative

c. New

d. Progressive

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 51

51) What does President Reagan’s support of Medicare expansion show?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Political ideology always plays a major role in determining a president's approach to federalism.

b. Political ideology does not always play a major role in determining a president's approach to federalism.

c. Political ideology never plays a major role in determining a president's approach to federalism.

d. Political ideology is inseparable from a president's approach to federalism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 52

52) President Obama’s approach to federalism can best be described as falling into which period of the development of federalism?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Dual federalism

b. Cooperative federalism

c. Progressive federalism

d. Dual cooperative federalism

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 53

53) The McCulloch v. Maryland case established the principle of

Feedback: conceptual

a. judicial review.

b. national supremacy.

c. separate but equal.

d. separate but not equal.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 54

54) The Supreme Court relied on which type of powers in the McCulloch v. Maryland case?

Feedback: factual

a. Implied

b. Enumerated

c. Constitutionally granted

d. Explicit

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 55

55) The Marshall Court, particularly through the McCulloch v. Maryland case, is most famous for

Feedback: conceptual

a. protecting national government rights.

b. protecting state government rights.

c. protecting local government rights.

d. protecting both state and local government rights.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 56

56) Which institution of government is most affected by the Supreme Court’s interpretation of the necessary and proper clause?

Feedback: applied

a. The presidency

b. Congress

c. The bureaucracy

d. Independent commissions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 57

57) The Rehnquist Court is famous for emphasizing the rights of which level(s) of government?

Feedback: factual

a. Federal

b. Federal and state

c. State and local

d. Federal and local

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 58

58) The Supreme Court case of _______ affirmed that states can set certain immigration policies.

Feedback: factual

a. Medellin v. Texas

b. Kansas v. Garcia

c. Gonzales v. Oregon

d. Bond v. United States

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 59

59) Which Supreme Court case invalidated a federal law prohibiting states from authorizing sports gambling?

Feedback: factual

a. Medellin v. Texas

b. Citizens United v. Clinton

c. Gonzales v. Oregon

d. Murphy v. NCAA

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 60

60) Feelings of nationalism help maintain the federal balance by instilling loyalty to which level(s) of government?

Feedback: factual

a. Federal

b. State

c. Local

d. All of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 61

61) In recent years, the Supreme Court has trended toward supporting the power of which level(s) of government?

Feedback: factual

a. Federal and state

b. State and local

c. State

d. Federal and local

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 62

62) The Supreme Court’s review of a law passed by Congress best demonstrates which principle of American government relating to federalism?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Checks and balances

b. Supremacy clause

c. Nationalism

d. Unfunded mandates

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 63

63) An American paradox is described by the phrase

Feedback: factual

a. "relatively strong nation, relatively weak national government."

b. "weak nation, strong national government."

c. "strong nation, weak national government."

d. "relatively weak nation, relatively strong national government."

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 64

64) Speaking at a town meeting is an example of

Feedback: conceptual

a. political party involvement.

b. Constitutional involvement.

c. elitism.

d. civic voluntarism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 65

65) How does the U.S. government’s size compare with the size of the governments of other developed democracies?

Feedback: factual

a. It is about the same.

b. It is larger.

c. It is smaller.

d. It is much larger than all others.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 66

66) Heightened partisan battles have developed as a result of

Feedback: factual

a. federalism.

b. democracy.

c. republicanism.

d. the Electoral College.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 67

67) The only state with a unicameral legislature is

Feedback: factual

a. Virginia.

b. Alaska.

c. Hawaii.

d. Nebraska.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 68

68) The United States has always emphasized

Feedback: factual

a. community participation over centralized administration.

b. centralized administration over community participation.

c. community participation over decentralized administration.

d. decentralized administration over community participation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 69

69) Which group best demonstrates civic voluntarism?

Feedback: applied

a. Members of Congress

b. Local school board members

c. District court judges

d. Local police officers

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 70

70) According to the authors, _______ is defined as participation in public life without government incentives or coercion.

Feedback: factual

a. civic voluntarism

b. bounded rationality

c. volunteer appreciation

d. civic responsibility

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 71

71) What two layers of government interacted to define dual federalism?

Feedback: factual

a. National and state

b. State and local

c. National and local

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 72

72) Which “cake” metaphor was introduced during the New Deal?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Layer cake

b. Bundt cake

c. Marble cake

d. None of the above

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 73

73) According to the authors, Americans _______ and _______ governing power more extensively than any other modern country.

Feedback: factual

a. separate, divide

b. combine, distribute

c. divide, control

d. combine, control

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 74

74) Checks and balances multiply federalism’s _______ division of power.

Feedback: factual

a. horizontal

b. vertical

c. statewide

d. international

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 75

75) All states except _______ have a two-chamber state legislature, exemplifying checks and balances at the state level.

Feedback: factual

a. Tennessee

b. North Carolina

c. Nebraska

d. South Carolina

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 76

76) Through checks and balances, which branch(es) of government can declare presidential acts and legislative acts unconstitutional?

Feedback: conceptual

a. The Supreme Court

b. Congress

c. The bureaucracy

d. Both Congress and the bureaucracy

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 77

77) Who has the authority to declare a government act unconstitutional?

Feedback: factual

a. The president

b. The bureaucracy

c. The Supreme Court

d. The president, with the agreement of two-thirds of the cabinet

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 78

78) Sanctuary cities are also known as

Feedback: conceptual

a. safe havens.

b. free cities.

c. immigration-rights cities.

d. union-rights cities.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 79

79) Which government is likely to have the most trust of American people?

Feedback: factual

a. Detroit City Council

b. U.S. House of Representatives

c. Nebraska State Legislature

d. U.S. Senate

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 80

80) In the federal system, lower-level governments that “try out” new policies on a local level are often referred to as “_______ of democracy.”

Feedback: conceptual

a. group think tanks

b. think tanks

c. laboratories

d. dry-run institutions

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 81

81) Diffusion works best in which system of government?

Feedback: conceptual

a. Unitary government

b. Confederation

c. Federalist government

d. Totalitarian regime

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 82

82) Where are Congress’s expressed powers, or granted powers, found in the Constitution?

Feedback: factual

a. Article 1, Section 8

b. Article 2, Section 8

c. Article 1, Section 7

d. Article 2, Section 7

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 83

83) Congress’s authority to establish a national bank exemplifies its _______ powers.

Feedback: conceptual

a. concurrent

b. inherent

c. reserved

d. granted

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 84

84) The _______ provides Congress’s power over issues not specifically named in the Constitution.

Feedback: factual

a. necessary and proper clause

b. supremacy clause

c. full faith and credit clause

d. inherent powers clause

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 85

85) Ronald Reagan is associated with which era of federalism?

Feedback: applied

a. Dual

b. Progressive

c. Conservative

d. Contested

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 86

86) Unlike other types of grants, _______ provide a fixed amount of funds for specific government programs with few restrictions.

Feedback: conceptual

a. grants-in-aid

b. block grants

c. specific-use grants

d. categorical grants

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 87

87) The desire to reduce the size and scope of government has resulted in

Feedback: conceptual

a. redistribution.

b. devolution.

c. welfare spending.

d. incrementalism.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 88

88) The signing of Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) demonstrates the contradiction that can exist between _______ and level of governmental control.

Feedback: conceptual

a. party ideology

b. perspective ideology

c. constitutional interpretation

d. union rights

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 89

89) In a sanctuary city, the police do not ask about which of the following?

Feedback: factual

a. Driver’s license

b. Immigration status

c. Insurance

d. Criminal history

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 90

90) An argument for sanctuary cities is they protect

Feedback: factual

a. fair treatment of immigrants.

b. protect basic human rights.

c. educational systems.

d. wages.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 91

91) The United States a total of how many state and national governments?

Feedback: factual

a. 50

b. 51

c. 63

d. 101

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 92

92) Early American government began at what level?

Feedback: factual

a. Cities

b. States (colonies)

c. Boroughs

d. Townships

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 93

93) Early Americans’ first loyalty was to the

Feedback: conceptual

a. city.

b. colony (state).

c. borough.

d. nation.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 94

94) The king and parliament of England offer an example of a

Feedback: factual

a. democracy.

b. republic.

c. unitary government.

d. monarchy.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 95

95) In a confederation, the central government provides

Feedback: factual

a. taxing laws.

b. immigration policy.

c. voting requirements.

d. a common defense.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 96

96) As government gets closer to the public, trust in government

Feedback: factual

a. becomes stronger.

b. becomes weaker.

c. becomes more variable.

d. does not change.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 97

97) The principle that a local jurisdiction derives its authority from the state is known as

Feedback: factual

a. Adams’s Policy.

b. Dillon’s Rule.

c. Hamilton’s Corollary.

d. Franklin’s Idea.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 98

98) Home rule gives local governments

Feedback: factual

a. limited power.

b. state-controlled power.

c. broad power.

d. single powers.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 99

99) When people want more government services than their state offers, federalism allows them to

Feedback: conceptual

a. petition the federal government.

b. petition the state government.

c. sue the state government.

d. move to another state.

Type: multiple choice question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 100

100) The criticism of too much federal government spending is usually associated with

Feedback: factual

a. Democrats.

b. Republicans.

c. grants-in-aid.

d. block grants.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 101

101) Discuss the design of the U.S. system from both a Federalist and an Anti-Federalist perspective.

Feedback:

 Federalists favor a stronger central government with national powers; Anti-Federalists favor stronger states’ rights.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 102

102) Compare the policy issues of immigration and defense in terms of amount of control exercised at different levels of government.

Feedback:

 Defense is exclusively a national power. Immigration is also under federal power; however, many states have taken on immigration policies in their own states.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 103

103) What is a confederation?

Feedback:

 A confederation is a group of independent states or nations that yield some of their powers to a national government, while each state retains a degree of sovereign authority.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 104

104) How can we see the desire to rebel against a unitary system in the U.S. structure of federalism?

Feedback:

 This desire can be seen in the government formed under the Articles of Confederation, which created a weak central government.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 105

105) Why is conflict built into the system of federalism?

Feedback:

 Conflict is intentionally built into the system. Each level of government checks the power of the others so that one does not become excessively dominant.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 106

106) Briefly discuss national and state powers, noting the powers of each and the areas of overlap.

Feedback:

 National powers are those that the U.S. government controls, such as printing money and providing national defense. State powers tend to be more local and include setting education policies.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 107

107) In what policy areas may “laboratories of federalism” be good for the country?

Feedback:

 State and local governments, sometimes with federal funds, try out new policies on a smaller scale, and sometimes these programs are expanded nationwide.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 108

108) What is meant by the term diffusion?

Feedback:

 Diffusion refers to the process in which policies or programs started in one area or jurisdiction are adopted in others.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 109

109) Discuss the advantages of federalism.

Feedback:

 Checks and balances, “safety net,” division of responsibilities.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 110

110) Discuss problems of coordination among different levels of government and their relation to poor policies.

Feedback:

 Sometimes, such as during natural disasters, many different agencies respond to multiple layers of authority and use different procedures with different goals. Citizens can be confused about which rules apply where.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 111

111) What are the four primary advantages of state-level policy?

Feedback:

 States are more responsive to citizen needs, offer more protection for individual rights, foster political innovation, and offer more options.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 112

112) Discuss one right that was successful at the state level and one that required national level influence.

Feedback:

 State level: same-sex couples right to marry, National level: right to vote.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 113

113) What are Congress’s enumerated powers?

Feedback:

 The powers specifically granted to Congress in the Constitution, such as the power to declare war.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 114

114) What are Congress’s inherent powers?

Feedback:

 Powers inferred from the Constitution, typically using the necessary and proper clause.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 115

115) Discuss the significance of the necessary and proper clause.

Feedback:

 This clause says that Congress can make laws it deems necessary and proper to carry out its enumerated powers.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 116

116) Explain an example of the necessary and proper clause.

Feedback:

 Creating a national bank.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 117

117) Define the supremacy clause.

Feedback:

 This clause says that when state or local laws conflict with federal law, federal law will always be superior.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 118

118) Relate the supremacy clause to the role of the judiciary.

Feedback:

 The judiciary, through its power of judicial review, ensures that federal laws remain supreme when state or local laws conflict with them.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 119

119) Discuss the role of the Tenth Amendment.

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 This amendment reserves to the states all powers not expressly granted to the national government.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 120

120) Describe the importance of reserved powers in the founding of the United States.

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 The founders were afraid of a strong central government; thus, they reserved all rights not specifically denied them to the states.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 121

121) Define the full faith and credit clause.

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 This clause says that states should recognize the laws and regulations of other states. One politically controversial topic in this area is same-sex marriage.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 122

122) What are some areas states may not do independently?

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 Launch its own navy, sign treaties with another country, coin its own money.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 123

123) Describe concurrent powers and any issues in implementation relating to these powers.

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 Concurrent powers are powers that the national and state governments share, or areas in which policy responsibilities overlap. Implementation may present problems of coordination and funding issues.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 124

124) Discuss the three major types of national government involvement in federalism.

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 Dual federalism (no interaction between levels), cooperative federalism (limited interaction between levels), new federalism (shifting authority from federal officials to state and local governments).

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 125

125) Why were states given so much authority over individual citizens’ rights during the period of dual federalism?

Feedback:

 The founders feared allowing a central government to legislate such matters.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 126

126) Compare grants-in-aid to block grants, and relate them to the two primary political ideologies.

Feedback:

 Grants-in-aid provide state and local governments with funds for specific purposes and impose strict guidelines on use of the funds. They generally are favored by liberals.

 Block grants give state and local governments more discretion in that they can spend the funds on a broad policy area or for a broad purpose. They are generally preferred by conservatives.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 127

127) Discuss the significance of the McCulloch v. Maryland case.

Feedback:

 The Supreme Court ruled in this case that Congress could exercise its implied powers in establishing a national bank, laying the foundation for the use of the necessary and proper clause.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 128

128) Explain the relationship of American nationalism to the three principles used to measure the strength of a central government.

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 Americans are strongly nationalistic. In general, strong nationalism is linked to weak governing institutions as measured by the size, authority, and independence of the central and state governments.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 129

129) Explain the three periods in the development of federalism, influential leaders of the time, and the future of federalism.

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 Dual federalism: founding to 1933; almost all presidents during this time; strong division of power and authority between levels.

 Cooperative federalism: 1933 to 1981; cooperation between state and federal government; made famous by FDR and the New Deal.

 Contested federalism: 1981-2020; increased use of private and nonprofit organizations for service delivery, use of block grants; Reagan, Clinton, Bush, Obama, Trump.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 130

130) Who is financially responsible for unfunded mandates?

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 The level of government facing the mandate—state and local governments, primarily.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 131

131) Discuss the weaknesses of a confederation form of government, and specifically the Articles of Confederation.

Feedback:

 Weak central government; stronger but varying state rights and policy responsibilities.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 132

132) Why do the advantages of federalism outweigh the disadvantages?

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 Federalism encourages creativity and still retains states’ rights.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 133

133) Discuss the role of the courts in federalism.

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 The courts ensure that federal law remains supreme and can review actions by lower levels of government for constitutionality and adherence to federal law.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 134

134) Explain the advantage of political innovation and how it relates to diffusion.

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 Encourages differing approaches to policy problems that other governments may adopt or that might be diffused to other governments.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 135

135) What is the foundation for states recognizing policies of other states, and why are some policies not recognized?

Feedback:

 The foundation is in the full faith and credit clause; what one state will recognize from another state varies, especially with regard to controversial issues, such as immigration.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 136

136) Discuss the importance of ambiguity in decision making across policy areas. How does this relate to checks and balances?

Feedback:

 Ambiguity across levels of government in policy areas ensures that no level is exercising powers that are the responsibility of other levels.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 137

137) Explain differing levels of public trust in different levels of government and the reasons for this difference.

Feedback:

 Generally, the more local the government, the greater the trust.

 Local governments are trusted the most, followed by states, then the federal government.

 This is likely due to the proximity of lower levels of government to the people and people’s knowledge of what each level is doing in terms of policy.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 138

138) List and describe a few of Congress’s granted powers.

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 Declare war, print and coin money, regulate commerce.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 139

139) What are reserved powers, where are they described in the Constitution, and what are a few examples of these powers?

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 Reserved powers come from the constitutional guarantee in the Tenth Amendment that the states retain government authority not explicitly granted to the national government.

 Examples include public education, health, commerce within the state, and organizing state elections.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 140

140) Why was the Tenth Amendment important to the founders, and what policy areas might these include today?

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 The Tenth Amendment reserved certain powers to the states, thus ensuring that state governments still retained rights in the federal system.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 141

141) Why is the full faith and credit clause important?

Feedback:

 Do not need a driver’s license in every state.

 Do not need a marriage license in every state.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 142

142) What is meant by national supremacy, and what is its legal foundation?

Feedback:

 National supremacy means that federal laws always “win” when state and federal laws conflict. Its legal foundation is the Supreme Court’s decision in McCulloch v. Maryland.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 143

143) Compare and contrast grants-in-aid to block grants and explain how they relate to the overall theme of new federalism.

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 Grants-in-aid impose specific requirements for spending, often using formulas; block grants give lower levels of government greater discretion in spending federal funds in specific areas.

 New federalism is characterized by the increasing use of block grants.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 144

144) Discuss what is meant by the term devolution and how it relates to levels of responsibility and funding decisions.

Feedback:

 Devolution refers to granting authority over a policy or program area to lower levels of government. Sometimes this means that lower levels of government are granted the authority but not the funding.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 145

145) Discuss situations in which political leaders may not demonstrate “party ideals” in their actions in relation to federalism.

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 Clinton favoring welfare reform and increasing the use of block grants.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 146

146) Including examples, discuss the changing levels of government the Supreme Court has favored over the years.

Feedback:

 See textbook for list of cases and relevance.

Type: essay/short answer question

Title: Chapter 04 Question 147

147) Explain the concept of “strong nation, weak national government” and relate the terms individually and together to nationalism.

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 Americans prefer a “strong nation” concept, such as all citizens identifying as Americans, but they prefer weak national authority.