Cells Chapter 3 Exam Prep

Stern's Introductory Plant Biology, 14e (Bidlack)

Chapter 3 Cells

1) Which of the following is/are generally credited with developing the cell theory?

A) R. J. H. Dutrochet

B) Nehemiah Grew

C) Robert Hooke

D) Rudolph Virchow

E) Schleiden and Schwann

2) Who first saw boxlike compartments with a simple microscope and named them "cells"?

A) Anton van Leeuwenhoek

B) Robert Hooke

C) Francis Crick

D) Charles Darwin

E) Gregor Mendel

3) ________ allow people to view objects smaller than 2 micrometers.

A) Magnifying glasses

B) Cameras

C) Electron microscopes

D) Telescopes

E) The Hubble telescope

4) The feature of a microscope that determines its greatest useful magnification is the ________.

A) resolution

B) intensity of the light source

C) type of light used

D) use of stains and dyes

E) None of these

5) ________ microscopes allow scientists to see atomic structure of molecules.

A) Compound

B) Scanning electron

C) Dissecting

D) Scanning tunneling

E) Confocal scanning

6) Which of the following would be found in a eukaryotic cell but NOT in a prokaryotic cell?

A) chloroplast

B) cell membrane

C) mitochondrion

D) nucleus

E) chloroplast, mitochondria, and nucleus are correct.

7) Prokaryotic cells are characteristic of ________; eukaryotic cells are characteristic of ________.

A) fungi; plants

B) bacteria; all other organisms including plants and animals

C) fungi; plants and animals

D) plants and animals; bacteria

E) viruses; bacteria

8) According to the endosymbiotic theory

A) all living organisms are composed of cells and that a cell is the smallest unit considered to be living.

B) living organisms can arise from non-living matter and that the type of organism formed depends on the type of non-living matter

C) chloroplasts and mitochondria evolved from small prokaryotes that were consumed by a larger eukaryotic cell.

D) new species arise when a portion of the population becomes isolated from the remainder of the population and experiences different selective pressures.

E) DNA controls the activities of the cell by specifying what proteins are to be synthesized.

9) In a mature, functioning, healthy cell with a nucleus, which of the following is extracellular?

A) endoplasmic reticulum

B) middle lamella

C) nucleolus

D) chromosomes

E) ribosomes

10) Mitochondria are

A)  the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.

B)  mainly found in vacuoles.

C) the sites of production of energy (ATP) needed for plant functions.

D)  a part of Golgi bodies.

E) devoid of  internal structure.

11) Which of the following is NOT a component of cell walls?

A) RNA

B) cellulose

C) lignin

D) protein

E) pectin

12) The cell wall functions ________.

A) as support

B) as a barrier between plant and outside environment

C) as protection for fragile cells

D) to provide and maintain functional cell shape

E) All answer choices are correct.

13) The fluid within cells in which the nucleus and other organelles are suspended is

A) protoplasm.

B) cytosol

C) cell sap.

D) pectin.

E) stroma.

14) The outer boundary of living protoplasm in a plant cell is a

A) vacuolar membrane.

B) primary cell wall.

C) secondary cell wall.

D) middle lamella.

E) plasma membrane.

15) Cell membranes are made up of a mosaic of ________.

A) phospholipids and proteins

B) cellulose and lignin

C) pectins and proteins

D) nucleic acid and wax

E) carbohydrates and proteins

16) Which of the following are primary constituents of cell membranes?

A) nucleotides

B) phospholipids

C) proteins

D) carbohydrates

E) steroids

17) Which of the following do NOT develop from proplastids?

A) chloroplasts

B) chromoplasts

C) symplasts

D) leucoplasts

E) amyloplasts

18) Cell structures that apparently function in controlling the addition of cellulose to the cell wall, in steering vesicles from Golgi bodies to the cell wall, and in aiding movement within the cell are

A) thylakoids.

B) ribosomes.

C) mitochondria.

D) microtubules.

E) lysosomes.

19) The watery fluid found in vacuoles is called

A) chromatin.

B) stroma.

C) cristae.

D) protoplasm.

E) cell sap.

20) Which of the following are common to nearly all plant and animal cells?

A) plasmodesmata

B) cell wall

C) centrioles

D) plastids

E) cell membrane

21) Which of the following structures found in living cells is not bound by a membrane or membranes?

A) Golgi bodies (dictyosomes)

B) plastids

C) ribosomes

D) endoplasmic reticulum

E) nucleus

22) Enzymes are synthesized on

A) ribosomes.

B) chloroplasts.

C) Golgi bodies.

D) the nucleus.

E) microbodies.

23) The stacks of double membrane structures found in chloroplasts are

A) plasma membranes.

B) vacuolar membranes.

C) dictyosomes (Golgi bodies)

D) grana.

E) smooth endoplasmic reticulum.

24) Which of the following are not found within chloroplasts?

A) starch grains

B) DNA

C) ribosomes

D) enzymes

E) dictyosomes (Golgi bodies)

25) Which of the following may be found in plant cell vacuoles?

A) water-soluble pigments

B) crystals

C) salts

D) sugars

E) All of these answers are correct.

26) The structure known as the ________ is formed of RNA and associated proteins inside the nucleus.

A) ribosome

B) nucleolus

C) mitochondrion

D) dictyosome (Golgi)

E) nucleus

27) Which of the pairs is mismatched?

A) chloroplast; photosynthesis

B) nucleus; chromosomes

C) microtubule; movement

D) mitochondrion; energy production

E) ribosome; digestion

28) Maintaining the internal pressure of plants cells is a function of the

A) dictyosome (Golgi).

B) cytoplasm.

C) lysosome.

D) vacuole.

E) microtubules.

29) Which organelle is correctly matched with its function?

A) endoplasmic reticulum; starch storage

B) nucleolus; DNA synthesis

C) dictyosome (Golgi); packaging

D) chloroplast; RNA synthesis

E) vacuole; membrane synthesis

30) Cyclosis is explained as the

A) cycling of DNA to RNA.

B) secretion of cyclin.

C) cloning of a gene.

D) movement of cytoplasm and certain organelles within the cell.

E) cyclic nature of the mitotic process.

31) The middle lamella

A) appears after droplets of pectin accumulate in the equatorial region on spindle fibers.

B) consists mainly of cellulose.

C) appears during anaphase.

D) is not formed if the phragmoplast is present.

E) is an important living portion of the cell.

32) In which phase of the cell cycle does replication (duplication) of the DNA take place?

A) interphase

B) prophase

C) metaphase

D) anaphase

E) telophase

33) In mitosis the two chromatids of each chromosome separate and move to opposite poles during

A) prophase.

B) metaphase.

C) anaphase.

D) telophase.

E) interphase.

34) Which of the following does NOT occur during interphase?

A) increase in size and accumulation of building blocks for DNA synthesis

B) duplication of organelles and accumulation of components needed for actual cell division

C) DNA replication

D) beginning of chromosome condensation

E) cytokinesis

35) In plants such as ferns, conifers, and flowering plants, mitosis takes place mostly in

A) meristems.

B) wood.

C) the center of stems.

D) the center of roots.

E) leaves.

36) Following chromosome duplication, the 2 chromatids are held together at the

A) centrosome.

B) centromere.

C) telomere.

D) kinetochore.

E) centriole.

37) If a cell has 6 chromosomes, how many chromatids are present during metaphase of mitosis?

A) 6

B) 12

C) 18

D) 24

E) cannot be determined

38) Chromosomes shorten and thicken during this stage of the cell cycle.

A) metaphase

B) anaphase

C) prophase

D) telophase

E) cytokinesis

39) A characteristic of metaphase is that

A) chromatids separate and move apart.

B) chromosomes are arranged randomly.

C) microtubules are synthesized.

D) the nucleolus re-forms.

E) chromosomes are arranged on the equatorial plane.

40) The cell plate appears during

A) metaphase.

B) interphase.

C) prophase.

D) telophase.

E) prophase II.

41) The ________ initiates the formation of the new cell wall separating two daughter cells.

A) cell plate

B) centriole

C) phragmoplast

D) dictyosome

E) endoplasmic reticulum

42) Communication between two daughter cells is maintained by the formation of ________ during cytokinesis.

A) the middle lamella

B) the primary cell wall

C) the secondary cell wall

D) plasmodesmata

E) microtubular links

43) The secondary cell wall forms ________.

A) after the cell reaches mature size and shape

B) in some, but not all plant cells

C) forms between the cell membrane and the primary cell wall

D) from cellulose and lignin

E) All answer choices are correct.

44) Leeuwenhoek is credited with applying the term cell to the boxlike compartments he saw in cork tissue.

45) Pasteur discovered that alcoholic fermentation involved the activity of yeast.

46) A plasma membrane consists primarily of carbohydrate molecules.

47) The region of a chromosome to which a spindle fiber may be attached is called a chromatid.

48) Golgi bodies (dictyosomes) appear as branches of chloroplasts in the cell.

49) Cell vacuoles contain water and dissolved substances.

50) The nuclear envelope is porous to allow certain molecules to move between the nucleus and cytoplasm

51) The preprophase band, the spindle fibers, and the phragmoplast are involved in cell division and are part of the cytoskeleton.

52) Protein synthesis takes place in the mitochondria.

53) Cyclosis is another name for the cell cycle.

54) Vacuoles function in regulating the movement of RNA out of the nucleus.

55) Anthocyanins are water-soluble pigments found in vacuoles.

56) Leucoplasts contain yellow to orange pigments.

57) Phragmoplasts are produced during prophase of mitosis.

58) Replication (duplication) of DNA takes place during the S period of interphase.

59) Strictly speaking, mitosis refers only to division of nuclei—not cells.

60) Material to be viewed with a transmission electron microscope must be nonliving.