Ch5 | Motivation & Productivity – Test Bank – 6e

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Student name:__________

1) _____ is the willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.

2) _____ is the overall mood of a group of people and is based on employees' attitudes and feelings of satisfaction.

3) According to Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, _____ include necessities for life such as air, food, warmth, and water.

4) _____ are the internal feelings of satisfaction one gets from one's job.

5) Increased responsibility, opportunities for personal growth, and the ability to participate in decision making are examples of _____.

6) Impressive titles, performance ratings, and promotions are examples of _____.

7) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, _____ include acceptance from family or friends.

8) Maslow agreed that _____ and aesthetic needs are very important for some people, but admitted that they did not fit into his "hierarchy of needs" very well.

9) In the hierarchy of needs theory, people are more interested in the _____ or _____ factors that make someone perform well.

10) ERG theory was created by _____.

11) The _____ says that someone who fails to reach a higher need level will sometimes become frustrated and regress to a lower need level, and stay there for some time—perhaps forever.

12) According to _____, a manager without a need for power will generally be less effective than one with a strong power need.

13) According to McClelland's manifest needs theory, someone with a strong _____ will generally not make the best manager.

14) According to McClelland's manifest needs theory, successful entrepreneurs are driven more by a high _____ than by the profit margin.

15) _____ are factors connected with a job that make working there better.

16) _____ proposed the two-factor theory that describes two forces: hygienes and motivators.

17) According to the Hackman-Oldham's model, the factors necessary for _____ to be effective are skill variety, task identity, task significance, autonomy, and feedback.

18) _____ refers to the use of mechanics and design techniques found in video games to motivate and engage employees in work tasks.

19) The expectancy theory of motivation was originally proposed by _____.

20) _____ explains human behavior in terms of the results—both good and bad—that have occurred under similar conditions in the past.

21) To make reinforcers or incentives more effective, the employees involved should have the opportunity for _____.

22) _____ is the willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.

A) Hygiene
B) Motivation
C) Morale
D) Work ethics

23) _____ refers to the emotional weather within an organization that reflects the norms and attitudes of the organization's culture and affects worker morale, attitudes, stress levels, and communication.

A) Corporate social responsibility
B) Organizational climate
C) Mission statement
D) Job enrichment

24) Which of the following is true of an effective organizational climate?

A) It encourages competent and rapid completion of tasks within deadlines.
B) It promotes the Theory X management approach.
C) It does not affect productivity and job performance.
D) It is not influenced by the low morale of employees.

25) Morale is defined as the:

A) overall mood of an individual or group, based on attitudes and satisfaction.
B) desire to act upon a psychological need.
C) willingness to make an effort toward accomplishment.
D) force of need or desire to act.

26) Which of the following statements is true of an intrinsic reward?

A) It is the internal feeling of satisfaction one gets from one's job.
B) It intends to provide motivational incentives, including salaries and bonuses.
C) It refers to the overall mood of an individual or a group.
D) It refers to the force of need or desire to act.

27) In the context of job motivation, which of the following is an example of an extrinsic reward as a motivator?

A) Variety of job activities
B) Longer vacations
C) Increased responsibility
D) More job freedom

28) Which of the following is a reason why professional women who are balancing the demands of work and families are more likely to quit their jobs?

A) Lack of on-site day care facility
B) Inflexible working hours
C) Feeling of boredom
D) Lack of profit-sharing programs

29) Which of the following will motivate a person with a strong sense of work ethic to be productive at work?

A) Fear of losing professional identity
B) Self-esteem that comes from success at work
C) Social contacts at work
D) A moral obligation to work and not be idle

30) Apart from a general sense of satisfaction from a job, which of the following is an intrinsic reward that acts as a strong motivator?

A) Longer vacations
B) Financial security for retirement
C) Social and community roles
D) Profit-sharing programs

31) Identify the esteem need.

A) Having an orderly way of life
B) Recognition from peers and colleagues
C) Acceptance from family and friends
D) Reaching one's full potential

32) An assumption underlying Maslow's theory is that:

A) needs that are not yet satisfied will motivate or influence a person's behavior.
B) people move around on the hierarchy ladder to meet several needs at a time.
C) the order in which one progresses through the need fulfillment stages can be different for different people.
D) someone who fails to reach a higher need level will sometimes become frustrated and regress to a lower need level.

33) Which of the following statements is true of Alderfer's ERG theory?

A) The theory proposes five levels of needs that people progress through during their lifetime.
B) The order in which one progress through the three stages can be different for different people.
C) A need in the hierarchy will not be a motivator until those below it are already satisfied.
D) A person who fails to reach a higher need level will not become frustrated.

34) Which of the following is a feature of the ERG theory of motivation?

A) Emotional competence inventory
B) Stroke economy
C) Hygiene factors
D) Frustration-regression principle

35) Clayton Alderfer's ERG (existence, relatedness, growth) theory is based on:

A) David McClelland's manifest needs theory.
B) Victor Vroom's expectancy theory.
C) Abraham Maslow's hierarchy theory.
D) Frederick Herzberg's two-factor theory.

36) Antonio, an employee of a software company, has been trying hard to get promoted for a long time. He gives up on his efforts after two years and decides to remain satisfied with earning a decent living for his family. In terms of the ERG theory of motivation, this exemplifies:

A) the frustration-regression principle.
B) the expectancy theory.
C) a low emotional intelligence quotient.
D) an internal locus of control.

37) Identify a true statement about David McClelland's manifest needs theory of motivation.

A) Unlike some needs theories, this theory is primarily a hierarchy.
B) The theory states that all people have three basic coexisting needs.
C) This theory judges whether a particular need is better or worse than the others.
D) According to this theory, everyone has the same needs in the same amounts and combinations.

38) Which of the following is a need described by the manifest needs theory of motivation?

A) Instrumentality
B) Affiliation
C) Expectancy
D) Existence

39) According to David McClelland's manifest needs theory, which of the following is a characteristic of people with high achievement needs?

A) They are motivated by a fear of failure.
B) They see high-risk situations as an investment.
C) They set goals that are moderately challenging.
D) They tend to blame their nonsuccess on others.

40) According to the manifest needs theory, which of the following is true of high achievers and low achievers?

A) People with a high need for achievement consider high-risk and no-risk situations as a waste of time.
B) People who are driven by a high need for achievement would prefer high-risk situations that have little chance of success.
C) People with a low need for achievement are motivated by the expectation of success.
D) People with a low need for achievement prefer moderate-risk situations that are more likely to guarantee success.

41) According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygienes:

A) include feelings of accomplishment, of worth, and of a job well done.
B) are found either within the work itself or within a worker.
C) include a person's desire to avoid unpleasant working conditions.
D) are factors that make employees feel motivated to work harder.

42) Which of the following is an example of a hygiene factor?

A) Feelings of achievement
B) Increased responsibility
C) Recognition of work
D) Good relations with the supervisor

43) Sam is an experienced engineer, but he works as a draftsperson. His company has a pleasant work atmosphere. Though he is well paid, he is frustrated with his job as he does not get a sense of meaning or accomplishment. He decides to quit his job by the end of that month. In the context of Herzberg's two-factor theory, which of the following factors is missing in Sam's company?

A) Hygiene factors
B) Motivators
C) Extrinsic rewards
D) Dissatisfiers

44) According to J. Richard Hackman and Gerg Oldham, which of the following is a factor necessary for job enrichment to be effective?

A) Hygienes
B) Dissatisfiers
C) Feedback
D) Valence

45) What is meant by task significance?

A) The opportunity to use numerous different skills in one's position at work
B) A worker's perception of the meaningfulness of a job
C) The freedom to choose one's tasks and methods of work
D) A worker's perception that the task directly affects other people's work or lives

46) Richard was working with a large manufacturing company. He voluntarily left his high-paying job because he felt that the company's products were of no significance to consumers and did more damage to the environment than it helped. Which of the following factors was most likely missing in Richard's job that demotivated him?

A) Skill variety
B) Task significance
C) Autonomy
D) Feedback

47) _____ refers to the freedom to choose one's tasks and methods of work.

A) Autonomy
B) Task significance
C) Skill variety
D) Task identity

48) Which of the following statements best describes the term instrumentality?

A) It refers to any type of work that directly affects other peoples' work or lives.
B) It refers to the likelihood that something good or bad will come from an increase in effort.
C) It refers to the value a person places on achieving a reward.
D) It refers to the degree to which an individual shows serious concentration or emotion toward a job.

49) _____ describes the likelihood that if a person tries to perform better, that will really is the result.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Power needs
D) Affiliation needs

50) David, an employee at a manufacturing company, wanted to be promoted to the post of supervisor. His company offered an incentive of a weeklong fishing trip for high performers. This did not motivate David to perform well. This happened because the reward lacked _____.

A) expectancy
B) instrumentality
C) valence
D) autonomy

51) _____ is the value a person places on a reward.

A) Expectancy
B) Instrumentality
C) Valence
D) Reinforcement

52) Which of the following is an effective way of behavior modification?

A) Informing an employee immediately of the behavior one does not like
B) Ignoring the behavior one does not like, hoping the employee will change
C) Rewarding the behavior one likes and ignoring the behavior one does not like
D) Giving freedom to the employee to identify his or her weaknesses and strengths

53) In the context of the reinforcement theory and behavior modification, which of the following is an example of an effective reinforcer in a workplace?

A) Employees from similar backgrounds
B) A strong work ethic
C) Public posting of performance ratings
D) Social value of work and community roles

54) Which of the following is a criticism against behavior modification theory?

A) It provides a reward or recognition for an effort or a job well done.
B) It manipulates people into doing what the reinforcer wants them to do.
C) It makes people move through the needs stages faster than they want to.
D) It shapes and molds people by making them feel that their dignity is threatened.

55) What is organizational climate?

56) What are the benefits of an effective climate within an organization?

57) Describe the intrinsic reward of a work ethic.

58) List the assumptions of Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation.

59) List and describe the three needs of Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory.

60) How does ERG theory differ from Maslow's theory?

61) How does McClelland describe a person with a high power need?

62) According to David McClelland's manifest needs theory, what are the features of a person with high achievement needs?

63) In the context of Herzberg's two-factor theory, why are hygiene factors called dissatisfiers?

64) What is job enrichment?

65) What is task identity?

66) What role does feedback play in job enrichment?

67) Briefly describe the expectancy theory developed by Victor Vroom.

68) According to the expectancy theory, what is instrumentality?

69) Describe the expectancy theory as revised by Barry Staw.

70) What was Skinner's belief about behavior modification?

71) According to the reinforcement theory, what kind of rewards should a manager use when trying to motivate employees?

72) List four suggestions on how organizations can increase employees' commitment to goals.

73) According to the reinforcement theory, why is choosing the right type of reward important?

74) Explain a criticism against behavior modification model.

75) How is self-esteem related to job performance?

76) Briefly describe the relationship between motivation and self-esteem.

77) To be truly motivated means feeling a desire to do whatever task needs to be accomplished to reach a goal or purpose.

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78) A good organizational climate is limited to people getting along well.

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79) To increase productivity in an organization, job morale has to be sacrificed.

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80) An effective organizational climate allows people to work to their full potential without becoming a threat to others.

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81) Allowing employees to have opportunities to suggest changes in an organization affects organizational climate. rev: 09_26_2018_QC_CS-140363

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82) In the context of work motivation, extrinsic factors often provide more powerful motives than intrinsic factors do.

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83) Working does not allow one to satisfy one's intrinsic motives.

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84) Economic need is the primary motivator toward work.

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85) Researchers have found that professional women who are balancing the demands of work and families are more likely to quit their jobs for intrinsic reasons.

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86) The amount of creativity allowed, the degree of responsibility, and the satisfaction of helping others are the extrinsic motivators of a job.

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87) People with a strong work ethic believe that working is immoral and lazy.

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88) Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation assumes that when a need has been satisfied, it will no longer motivate a person's behavior.

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89) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, people tend to satisfy their needs in a certain order: physiological needs, safety and security, belongingness and love, esteem, and finally, self-actualization.

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90) According to Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory of motivation, esteem needs include recognition from peers and colleagues.

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⊚ false

91) In the context of Abraham Maslow's hierarchy of needs theory, new employees are more likely to be working to meet esteem needs, while more established senior employees are likely motivated by security and safety needs.

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92) In terms of increasing one's self-actualization, Maslow suggested that whenever possible, one should choose growth rather than safety or security.

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93) Alderfer's ERG theory of motivation has only two areas: existence and growth.

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94) For managers, Maslow's main lesson on motivation is to notice the needs level of employees.

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95) According to ERG theory, relatedness needs are the more internal esteem needs that we all have, along with what Maslow called self-actualization.

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96) The main concepts of Clayton Alderfer's ERG theory are expectancy, instrumentality, and valence.

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97) McClelland's manifest needs theory of motivation has a hierarchy of needs.

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98) According to McClelland, a manager without a need for power will generally be less effective than one with a strong power need.

⊚ true
⊚ false

99) McClelland believed that someone with a strong affiliation need will generally make the best manager.

⊚ true
⊚ false

100) According to David McClelland's manifest needs theory, a person who has a strong need for achievement wants to control and influence other people.

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⊚ false

101) People with a high achievement need are attracted to careers such as sales and business ownership.

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102) When people with high achievement needs fail, they place blame on others, on bad luck, or on fate.

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103) According to McClelland, the three manifest needs are factors that people are simply born with.

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104) According to Herzberg's two-factor theory, hygienes are factors connected with a job that make working there better.

⊚ true
⊚ false

105) In the context of expectancy theory, when a manager is attempting to motivate an employee, only extrinsic factors should be calculated.

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⊚ false

106) A manager trying to motivate employees should not use frequent praise.

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⊚ false

107) According to the reinforcement theory, to make reinforcers or incentives more effective, the employees involved should have the opportunity for goal setting.

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⊚ false

108) High self-esteem is the greatest motivator of all.

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