Ch.5 Foreign Policy Defense Dept Full Test Bank 7th Edition

Test Bank

Chapter 5: Understanding the Foreign Policy Bureaucracy: The Department of Defense

Multiple Choice

1. The foundation of the US policy of containment during the Cold War revolved around a/an ______ orientation.

a. threat

b. diplomacy

c. engagement

d. cooperative

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Defense Department: Functions over Time

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. American policymakers have used the armed forces as a/an ______ instrument to influence the actions of other countries.

a. social

b. political

c. educational

d. economic

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Defense Department: Functions over Time

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. With the passage of the National Security Act of 1947, American leaders became concerned with ______ among the different armed services supporting the war effort during World War II.

a. fragmentation

b. coordination

c. centralization

d. cooperation

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Greater Military Unification and Specialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. The lack of coordination and infighting were evident where the jurisdiction was divided between the ______.

a. Air Force and Marines

b. Marines and Army

c. Army and Navy

d. Navy and Marines

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Greater Military Unification and Specialization

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The National Security Act of 1947 resulted in a loose confederation of military departments that resulted in the ______.

a. Department of Homeland Security

b. Department of Justice

c. State Department

d. Department of Defense

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Greater Military Unification and Specialization

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. The development of a large, permanent, and more professional military was a result of Americans fear of ______.

a. fascism

b. communism

c. Marxism

d. socialism

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Large, Permanent Military

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Which of the following was not keen on having a large, permanent military during the late 1940s?

a. the public

b. the executive branch

c. the legislative branch

d. the judicial branch

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Large, Permanent Military

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. The Department of Defense became the largest bureaucracy in the US government and American society during the ______ environment.

a. Vietnam War

b. Cold War

c. Korean War

d. World War II

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expansion in Bureaucratic Size and Scope

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The authors describe the military as a ______ within American society.

a. culture

b. subculture

c. society

d. institution

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expansion in Bureaucratic Size and Scope

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Most military bases are considered to be large ______ complexes.

a. rural

b. urban

c. metropolitan

c. suburban

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Expansion in Bureaucratic Size and Scope

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. Which of the following branches of military is housed under the Department of Homeland Security?

a. Marines

b. Navy

c. Air Force

d. Coast Guard

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Expansion in Bureaucratic Size and Scope

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Which of the following was identified as supporting more military than civilian missions today?

a. Department of Homeland Security

b. National Aeronautics and Space Administration

c. Department of Veterans Affairs

d. Department of Energy

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Expansion in Bureaucratic Size and Scope

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. During the Cold War, the ______ was primarily responsible for land warfare.

a. Navy

b. Marines

c. National Guard

d. Army

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The ______ was considered an assault force during the Cold War.

a. Navy

b. Marines

c. National Guard

d. Army

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

15. Which of the following positions was appointed by the president for up to four years?

a. the chair

b. chief of staff of the Army

c. chief of naval operations

d. chief of staff of the Air Force

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS) had no real power to represent or force support from other members until the passage of the ______.

a. National Security Act

b. USA Patriot Act

c. Servicemembers Civil Relief Act

d. Goldwater-Nichols Act

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Which of the following is considered to be an autonomous part of the Navy?

a. Marines

b. Coast Guard

c. Air Force

d. Army

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

18. Which of the following issues was addressed with the passage of the Goldwater-Nichols Act?

a. It redefined the role of the chiefs of staff.

b. It decentralized the role of the chairman.

c. It established a system of unified commands.

d. It emphasized the importance of the corporate system of advisory consensus.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Goldwater-Nichols Reforms

Difficulty Level: Medium

19. Which of the following systems/processes involves the military’s basic infrastructure?

a. administration

b. advice

c. operations

d. tactics

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: A More Efficient but Complex Organizational Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Which of the following is considered to be the “meat of the military”?

a. management

b. administration

c. operations

d. advice

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: A More Efficient but Complex Organizational Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. Personnel decisions regarding training, tours, and promotion are a component of the ______ process.

a. operations

b. tactics

d. advice

c. administration

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Administrative Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

22. The ______ determines when and where to use armed force abroad.

a. secretary of defense

b. joint chiefs of staff

c. president

d. vice president

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Advisory Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

23. According to Richard Betts (1977), the ______ is the most cautious in recommending force.

a. Army

b. Air Force

c. Marines

d. Navy

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Advisory Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

24. The ______, according to Richard Betts (1977), is considered to be the most optimistic about force.

a. Marines

b. Navy

c. Army

d. Air Force

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Advisory Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

25. The secretary of defense has the greatest impact at the ______.

a. operational level

b. strategic level

c. tactical level

d. administrative level

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Operational Process

Difficulty Level: Easy

26. Most members of the military share which of the following characteristics?

a. an emerging commitment to autonomy

b. the belief in the connectedness between politics and military combat

c. a warrior style

d. a preoccupation with careerism

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Medium

27. Which of the following traditions was fostered in the military?

a. manager

b. warrior

c. adversary

d. ally

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Which of the following fields became dominant among individuals who pursued postgraduate degrees?

a. international conflict

b. public administration

c. military history

d. military strategy

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Medium

29. Which of the following was identified as being crucial to high career advancement in the military?

a. a clean criminal record

b. a combat record

c. a degree from a war college

d. a recommendation from a senior leader

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Easy

30. The military emphasis on “jointness” is more evident at the ______ level.

a. strategic

b. operational

c. administrative

d. tactic

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. The great military strategies and wars that have influenced the US military historically have been emulated from the ______ military.

a. French

b. Spanish

c. German

d. British

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Warfare Before and After World War II

Difficulty Level: Easy

32. Which of the following was identified as a “limited” war?

a. World War II

b. World War I

c. Vietnam War

d. Korean War

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Warfare Before and After World War II

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. After World War II, the US military became prepared to fight which of the following types of wars?

a. guerilla war

b. civil war

c. counter terrorism

d. nuclear war

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Warfare Before and After World War II

Difficulty Level: Medium

34. The Army adopted the air-land battle doctrine during the ______.

a. Korean War

b. Vietnam War

c. Persian Gulf War

d. Kosovo War

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: After Goldwater-Nichols

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. The air-land battle doctrine emphasized ______.

a. strategy

b. flexibility

c. communication

d. firepower

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: After Goldwater-Nichols

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. According to the text, ______ became the most powerful and controversial secretary of defense since Robert McNamara.

a. Donald Rumsfeld

b. Robert Gates

c. Jim Mattis

d. Mark Esper

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Military Transformation, Rumsfeld and Iraq and Afghanistan after 9/11

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Donald Rumsfeld’s approach to his role as secretary of defense was considered to be ______.

a. docile

b. calculated

c. passive

d. aggressive

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Military Transformation, Rumsfeld and Iraq and Afghanistan after 9/11

Difficulty Level: Easy

38. The US intelligence community confidently concluded that ______ organized and directed cyberattacks and cyber warfare against the United States during the 2016 election.

a. Russia

b. North Korea

c. China

d. Iran

Learning Objective: 5-5: Assess and explain the nature and challenges related to the role and influence of the Department of Defense in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DOD and the Nature of the Modern Military Establishment

Difficulty Level: Easy

39. According to the authors, ______ are at the core of cyberwarfare.

a. hackers

b. terrorist groups

c. presidents

d. military personnel

Learning Objective: 5-5: Assess and explain the nature and challenges related to the role and influence of the Department of Defense in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DOD and the Nature of the Modern Military Establishment

Difficulty Level: Easy

40. The leading agency in the intelligence community responsible for much of the cyberwarfare capabilities in the United States is the ______.

a. Central Intelligence Agency

b. Federal Bureau of Investigation

c. National Security Agency

d. Defense Intelligence Agency

Learning Objective: 5-5: Assess and explain the nature and challenges related to the role and influence of the Department of Defense in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DOD and the Nature of the Modern Military Establishment

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. The military has always played a major role in the making of US foreign policy.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Defense Department: Functions over Time

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. The political realty of the policymaking process within the Department of Defense is far removed from the ideal and among the most complex of any governmental bureaucracy.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The Department of Defense does not have a single subculture.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The US military has always been organized and trained for both conventional and unconventional warfare.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Describe the nature and dynamics of the use of force in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Warfare Before and After World War II

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The US government accounts for almost half of the world’s military budget.

Learning Objective: 5-5: Assess and explain the nature and challenges related to the role and influence of the Department of Defense in US foreign policymaking.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: DOD and the Nature of the Modern Military Establishment

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. What factors led to reinstitution of the draft and the development of a large, permanent, professional military?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Know the functions and features of the modern military establishment.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Large, Permanent Military

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Illustrate the fragmentation with the Department of Defense and the independent autonomy of individual services (i.e., the Army, Navy, and Air Force).

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Organizational Structure and Process

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. Why have the budgetary and personnel practices within each military service become very resistant to change?

Learning Objective: 5-2: Understand the structures and processes of the US Department of Defense.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: A More Efficient but Complex Organizational Process

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. What are the five characteristics that are often seen in most members of the military, especially career officers?

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Provide an example of an unconventional war.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Identify the Defense Department subcultures and their consequences.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Modern Military Subculture(s)

Difficulty Level: Medium