Chapter 5: Sexuality, Inequality, and Privilege

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. Which of the following is a key characteristic of institutionalized inequality?

A. All groups face similar levels of discrimination.

B. Inequality is patterned against particular groups.

C. Inequality occurs randomly across all social institutions.

D. It affects members of minority groups equally.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe the significance of institutionalized inequality and privilege.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sociology of Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. What cultural ideology supports and reinforces heterosexual privilege?

A. the support for marriage equality

B. the belief that heterosexuality is the norm

C. the idea that all sexuality is natural

D. the belief that sexuality rarely intersects with other identities

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe the significance of institutionalized inequality and privilege.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sociology of Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Legal discrimination occurs when ______.

A. laws allow for discrimination against some groups

B. courts refuse to hear cases about unequal treatment

C. lawyers refuse to help certain people due to prejudice

D. people enforce laws on some people but not others

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Legal Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The ability to claim spousal and survival benefits is one ______ benefit that comes with marriage.

A. heteronormative

B. emotional

C. financial

D. legal

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Marriage Equality

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. According to the text, why do some adoption agencies discriminate against LGBTQ parents?

A. LGBTQ adoptions contradict their religious beliefs.

B. They have read research about LGBTQ parents.

C. Few kids need to be adopted, so they can be “selective.”

D. They are legally required to prefer straight parents.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: LGBTQ Adoption

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. “Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell” was intended to ______.

A. make sexuality a nonissue in the military

B. ban service of gays and lesbians in the military

C. reduce punishments for LGBTQ members of the military

D. limit harassment based on gender and sexual orientation

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality-Related Discrimination in the Military

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Lesbians in the military are at high risk for experiencing ______.

A. sexual assault and harassment

B. enforcement of Don’t Ask, Don’t Tell

C. honorable discharges

D. delayed promotions

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality-Related Discrimination in the Military

Difficulty Level: Medium

8. Over time, the United States has witnessed ______ in pregnancy discrimination.

A. a decrease

B. an increase

C. stability

D. fluctuations

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Workplace Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. One example of a formal social sanction controlling sexuality is ______.

A. intentionally misgendering someone

B. laws supporting gender neutral bathrooms

C. name-calling and use of slurs

D. laws against homosexuality

Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe the criminalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexuality and Social Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Why is female genital mutilation often used among young girls?

A. to address medical concerns

B. to control women’s sexuality

C. to punish deviant sexuality

D. to attempt to make sex more pleasurable

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explain the medicalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medicalization of Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Which of the following is a key characteristic of privilege?

A. It is the property of individuals.

B. Unlike inequality, it is rarely intersectional.

C. It is frequently acknowledged.

D. It is often taken for granted.

Learning Objective: 5-6: Pinpoint the ways LGBTQ inequality manifests as privilege by heterosexuals.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Heterosexual and Cisgender Privilege

Difficulty Level: Hard

12. Before the 1990s, what did most LGBTQ activists see as a high priority issue?

A. marriage equality

B. funding for AIDS research

C. extending protections to transgender individuals

D. being able to serve in the military

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marriage Equality

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. When heterosexual couples can hold hands without fear of getting harassed, they are experiencing ______.

A. positive social sanctions

B. social control

C. privilege

D. microaggressions

Learning Objective: 5-6: Pinpoint the ways LGBTQ inequality manifests as privilege by heterosexuals.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Heterosexual and Cisgender Privilege

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. How did the Obama administration work to extend protections to the LGBTQ community?

A. by instating formal sanctions for those who discriminate in housing

B. by reinterpreting the Civil Rights Act to include sexual and gender minorities

C. by passing a law to allow same-sex marriage

D. by requiring all employers to prohibit discrimination on the basis of gender or sexuality

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Workplace Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The authors argue that violence is an extreme form of which concept?

A. social control

B. heteroarchy

C. institutionalized inequality

D. microaggression

Learning Objective: 5-5: Identify examples of violence used to deter sexual deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Transgender Discrimination and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Sociologists have long studied both privileged and disadvantaged groups in society.

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe the significance of institutionalized inequality and privilege.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sociology of Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Federal legislation to end all discrimination in the workplace, including LGBTQ discrimination, does not yet exist.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Legal Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Anti-sodomy laws primarily targeted nonconsensual oral and anal sex.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe the criminalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Criminalization of Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Medicalization of homosexuality is one form of social control.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explain the medicalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medicalization of Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The authors argue that transgender people experience distinct forms of discrimination compared to lesbian, gay, and bisexual individuals.

Learning Objective: 5-5: Identify examples of violence used to deter sexual deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transgender Discrimination and Inequality

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Explain why marriage equality is so important.

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marriage Equality

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. Define microaggression. How could microaggressions be prevented?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe the significance of institutionalized inequality and privilege.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexuality, Inequality, and Privilege

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain how criminalization of sexual behaviors is a form of social control.

Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe the criminalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Criminalization of Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Describe the consequences of the medicalization of sexual behaviors.

Learning Objective: 5-4: Explain the medicalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Medicalization of Sexual Behaviors

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Why is it important to talk about heterosexual privilege and not only LGBTQ inequality?

Learning Objective: 5-6: Pinpoint the ways LGBTQ inequality manifests as privilege by heterosexuals.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Heterosexual and Cisgender Privilege

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. What do sociologists mean by the idea of institutionalized inequality? Why is it important to have a term like heteroarchy?

Learning Objective: 5-1: Describe the significance of institutionalized inequality and privilege.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Sociology of Inequality

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How has discrimination against LGBTQ individuals changed over time in the United States?

Learning Objective: 5-2: Identify the various forms of legal discrimination faced by LGBTQ individuals.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Legal Discrimination

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. How has the social control of sexuality been exercised historically and currently in the United States?

Learning Objective: 5-3: Describe the criminalization of sexual behaviors. | 5-4: Explain the medicalization of sexual behaviors.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexuality and Social Control

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Why is it important to study extreme acts of violence and also everyday microaggressions?

Learning Objective: 5-5: Identify examples of violence used to deter sexual deviance.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexuality, Inequality, and Privilege | Homophobia and Hate Crimes

Difficulty Level: Hard