Chapter 7: Media, Sport, and Sexuality

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. How does the mainstream media’s use of sexualized language affect cultural ideas about sexual behaviors?

A. The media encourage acceptance of diverse sex.

B. The media often challenge hypersexualized images of women.

C. The media create norms around what constitutes great sex.

D. The media primarily reflect outdated ideas about sex.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexualized Language in Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The hypersexualization of media engages in ______ when it ignores and trivializes women and girls.

A. media literacy

B. symbolic annihilation

C. gender schemes

D. heteronormativity

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Hypersexualization: Magazines and Music Videos

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Which of the following best defines sexual objectification?

A. equating a person’s worth with their physical appearance and their sexuality

B. valuing sexual appeal above a person’s other qualities

C. ignoring and trivializing women’s and girls’ concerns

D. fetishizing a particular form of femininity

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexual Objectification: Advertising

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. How do many young people respond to sexualization of culture?

A. They seek out educational opportunities.

B. They decide to consume less media.

C. They internalize what they see.

D. They reject sexualized images.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Give examples of the impact sexualized media has on adolescents and children.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Children, Sexualization, and the Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Which of the following is a major consequence of media idealizing thinness?

A. Young people use that information to develop a healthy body image.

B. Young people started protesting these unrealistic images.

C. Young people may develop a distorted body image.

D. Young people become focused on modeling instead of sports.

Learning Objective: 7-2: Give examples of the impact sexualized media has on adolescents and children.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sexualized Imagery in Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. Which of the following is a consequence of young people’s exposure to the sexualization of culture?

A. They become more homophobic.

B. They may struggle to form healthy sexual relationships.

C. They are more likely to identify as straight.

D. They develop nuanced ideas about “great sex.”

Learning Objective: 7-2: Give examples of the impact sexualized media has on adolescents and children.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Children, Sexualization, and the Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. The representation of LGBTQ people in media can best be characterized as moving from ______ to ______.

A. visibility; stereotypes

B. visibility; affirmation

C. invisibility; stereotypes

D. invisibility; affirmation

Learning Objective: 7-3: Assess representations of gays, lesbians, and transgender people in media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lesbian, Gay, and Bisexual Images in Hollywood Cinema

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. The inclusion of more gay and lesbian characters helped to expose ______.

A. heterosexual privilege

B. the sexualization of culture

C. controlling images

D. hyperfemininity

Learning Objective: 7-3: Assess representations of gays, lesbians, and transgender people in media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: From Invisibility to Stereotypical Images: LGBTQ Characters on Television

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Specifically gay-themed television programming in the United States began in the ______.

A. 1970s

B. 1980s

C. 1990s

D. 2000s

Learning Objective: 7-3: Assess representations of gays, lesbians, and transgender people in media.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: From Invisibility to Stereotypical Images: LGBTQ Characters on Television

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Which of the following best describes sports media from a sociological perspective?

A. the ability to access and analyze media about sports

B. the ability of the media to frame how we experience sports

C. efforts to associate sports with masculinity

D. efforts to associate sports with all gender identities

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Media, Sport, and Sexuality

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Jock culture refers to ______.

A. healthy behaviors among male athletes

B. gender equality in sports

C. hypercompetitiveness in sports

D. masculinity in sports

Learning Objective: 7-4: Determine the various ways sexuality intersects with sport and sport media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sport Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. How does the sports/media complex treat women’s sports?

A. It gives women’s sports equal but inferior coverage to men’s sports.

B. It marginalizes women’s sports via insufficient coverage.

C. It challenges gender segregation by creating central websites for all sports.

D. It strives to give women’s sports the same attention.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Determine the various ways sexuality intersects with sport and sport media.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sport Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. The emphasis on masculinity and the rejection of femininity in sports contribute to which of the following?

A. privileging Western ideas about masculinity

B. controlling images connected to race

C. invisibility of gay athletes

D. sexual objectification of athletes

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the myriad manifestations of masculinity in sports.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality, Masculinity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. Which of the following is a consequence of linking sports with masculinity?

A. Male and female athletes are assumed to be heterosexual.

B. Female athletes are also perceived as strong.

C. Hormone levels are regulated for all athletes to ensure fairness.

D. Women have fewer opportunities to compete.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the myriad manifestations of masculinity in sports.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality, Femininity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. The lesbian stigma in sports leads some women’s collegiate athletic programs to practice ______.

A. positive recruiting of lesbians to counter the stigma

B. negative recruiting by promising its team is free of lesbians

C. jock culture by enacting heteronormativity

D. sexual objectification by discriminating against lesbians

Learning Objective: 7-6: Describe the ways women’s sports opportunities have been limited.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality, Femininity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

True/False

1. Title IX expanded opportunities for women in sports.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Describe the ways women’s sports opportunities have been limited.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexuality, Femininity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. The lack of media coverage of female sports is an example of structured absence.

Learning Objective: 7-6: Describe the ways women’s sports opportunities have been limited.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexualized Imagery in Media | Sexuality, Femininity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Most transgender characters in the last 10 years have been portrayed in a positive and accurate way.

Learning Objective: 7-3: Assess representations of gays, lesbians, and transgender people in media.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Transgender Images and Issues in Media

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The media frequently include violence in their discourse about sex.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexualized Language in Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. Men and women have been increasingly sexualized in the same way in the media.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Sexualized Language in Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

6. The concept of sports rape captures the phenomenon of athletes being held more accountable than nonathletes.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the myriad manifestations of masculinity in sports.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexuality, Masculinity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

Short Answer

1. Describe how sexualization occurs in media images. Provide one concrete example you have seen.

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Sexualized Imagery in Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. How do controlling images shape perceptions of minority groups in the United States?

Learning Objective: 7-1: Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexualized Imagery in Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the sports/media complex in your own words.

Learning Objective: 7-4: Determine the various ways sexuality intersects with sport and sport media.

Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Sport Media

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Analyze the relationship between moral panics and masculinity.

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the myriad manifestations of masculinity in sports.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexuality, Masculinity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. How can minority stress impact athletes?

Learning Objective: 7-6: Describe the ways women’s sports opportunities have been limited.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexuality, Femininity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Medium

Essay

1. Describe how language and images are sexualized in the media. How is imagery sexualized in media? What potentially dangerous impacts can these have on women and girls? On men and boys?

Learning Objective: 7-1 Recognize sexualized language and imagery in mass media.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexualized Imagery in Media

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. How have LGBTQ individuals been represented in the media? What messages do these representations send?

Learning Objective: 7-3: Assess representations of gays, lesbians, and transgender people in media.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: From Invisibility to Stereotypical Images: LGBTQ Characters on Television

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Explain the intersection of masculinity and sport and the effect this has on gay and female athletes. What role does sports media play in reinforcing masculinity in sport?

Learning Objective: 7-5: Explain the myriad manifestations of masculinity in sports. | 7-6: Describe the ways women’s sports opportunities have been limited.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis
Answer Location: Sexuality, Masculinity, and Sport | Sexuality, Femininity, and Sport

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. What are some consequences of sports being highly gender segregated?

Learning Objective: 7-7: Identify issues intersex and transgender athletes face in the sports world.

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Coming Out of the Athletic Closet | Creating Space for Intersex and Transgender Athletes

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. How do the institutions of media and sport intersect to shape sexuality? Provide three examples of ways in which the sports/media complex promotes heteronormativity, homophobia, and sexism.

Learning Objective: 7-4 Determine the various ways sexuality intersects with sport and sport media

Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Sexuality and Sport

Difficulty Level: Hard