Chapter 3: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn

Test Bank

Multiple Choice

1. A neonate is also called a ______.

a. fetus

b. newborn baby

c. baby in utero

d. zygote

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: The Prenatal Period, Birth, and the Newborn

Difficulty Level: Medium

2. A zygote is also called a ______.

a. neonate

b. fetus

c. developing embryo

d. fertilized ovum

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Prenatal Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

3. Ovulation occurs approximately every how many days?

a. 15

b. 22

c. 28

d. 34

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. Which structure is the largest cell in the human body?

a. zygote

b. ovum

c. sperm

d. embryo

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. Sperm contain genetic material on how many chromosomes?

a. 8

b. 23

c. 46

d. 62

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Approximately how long can sperm live if they complete their journey up the fallopian tube?

a. 6 hours

b. 10 hours

c. 3 days

d. 6 days

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Tasha has agreed to be a surrogate for Michael and Terrell who are ready to start their family. The fertility specialist tells Tasha that for optimal chances of fertilization, artificial insemination should occur within how many hours of ovulation?

a. 24

b. 30

c. 36

d. 40

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. What occurs as soon as a single sperm penetrates the ovum?

a. sperm dies

b. embryo is formed

c. sperm’s tail falls off

d. ovum collapses

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. The human zygote contains how many chromosomes?

a. 13

b. 23

c. 46

d. 64

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. The germinal period is also known as the period of the ______.

a. zygote

b. embryo

c. blastocyst

d. fetus

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

11. About 30 hours after conception, the zygote splits and ______.

a. forms three embryos

b. reconnects into a larger cell

c. forms two identical cells

d. attaches to different parts of the uterus

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

12. Cleavage refers to the process in which the ______.

a. zygote divides into 32 cells

b. hollow ball called a blastocyst forms

c. blastocyst begins to develop into part of the placenta

d. zygote splits down the middle, forming two identical cells

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

13. Cell differentiation occurs roughly how many hours after fertilization?

a. 6

b. 12

c. 24

d. 72

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

14. The blastocyst is a ______.

a. flat organ that provides nutrient and waste exchange between the mother and fetus

b. a fluid-filled sphere around a cluster of cells from which the embryo will develop

c. neural tube that will develop into the central nervous system of the body

d. cellular disk that develops into layers that form all of the major organs of the body

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. What develops from a cluster of cells inside the blastocyst?

a. fetus

b. zygote

c. embryo

d. placenta

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. What begins at about day 6 and is complete by about day 11?

a. embryonic period

b. implantation

c. fetal period

d. conception

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. Renee, pregnant for the first time, wonders how the developing organism receives nutrients and oxygen and rids itself of waste. Her obstetrician tells her that this exchange will occur through the ______.

a. placenta

b. amnion

c. umbilicus

d. mesoderm

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Hard

18. The placenta allows the exchange of nutrients, oxygen, and wastes through the ______.

a. mesoderm

b. endoderm

c. umbilical cord

d. amniotic fluid

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. The most rapid stage of prenatal development occurs during the which period?

a. germinal

b. embryonic

c. fetal

d. neonatal

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. What happens during the embryonic period?

a. Fertilization of an ovum by a sperm occurs.

b. The blastocyst forms the placenta.

c. All organs and major body systems form.

d. Labor and delivery occur.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

21. What does the ectoderm become?

a. digestive system, liver, lungs, and pancreas

b. skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and nervous system

c. muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and internal organs

d. salivary glands, respiratory system, and muscles

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

22 What does the endoderm become?

a. skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and nervous system

b. muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and internal organs

c. digestive system, liver, lungs, pancreas, salivary glands, and respiratory system

d. muscles, skeleton, digestive system, skin, sensory organs, and nervous system

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

23. What does the mesoderm become?

a. muscles, skeleton, digestive system, skin, sensory organs, and nervous system

b. digestive system, liver, lungs, pancreas, salivary glands, and respiratory system

c. skin, nails, hair, teeth, sensory organs, and nervous system

d. muscles, skeleton, circulatory system, and internal organs

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

24. When does the neural tube form?

a. during the germinal period

b. about 3 weeks after conception

c. toward the end of the second trimester

d. at the beginning of the fetal period

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

25. The neural tube develops into the ______.

a. brain and spinal cord

b. head and neck

c. heart and respiratory tract

d. head and torso

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

26. During the fifth week of development, what grows faster than other parts of the body?

a. head

b. torso

c. feet

d. skin

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

27. The indifferent gonad develops into the ______.

a. cardiovascular system

b. ovaries and testes

c. central nervous system

d. male or female genitals

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

28. Felipe and Karla are pregnant with their first baby. Felipe is anxious to have a boy and wants to know when he will be able to see the external genital organs on an ultrasound. Their obstetrician should tell them the genital organs will become apparent at about how many weeks?

a. 6

b. 8

c. 12

d. 16

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Hard

29. When serious defects occur during the embryonic period, they often result in ______.

a. the need for fetal surgery

b. spontaneous abortion

c. life-threatening illness in the mother

d. effects on the developing sex organs

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

30. What percentage of all conceptions abort spontaneously, with most occurring before the pregnancy is detected?

a. 10%

b. 25%

c. 45%

d. 60%

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

31. Eileen is pregnant with her first child. She wonders when she will be able to feel the fetus moving. Her obstetrician should tell the fetal movements can be felt in how many weeks?

a. 5–10

b. 8–13

c. 10–15

d. 17–20

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Second Trimester (14 to 26 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Hard

32. Which term means a fine, down-like hair that covers the fetus’s body?

a. vernix caseosa

b. lanugo

c. amniotic sac

d. mesoderm

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Second Trimester (14 to 26 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

33. What is a greasy material that protects the fetal skin from abrasions, chapping, and hardening?

a. vernix caseosa

b. lanugo

c. amniotic fluid

d. mesoderm

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Second Trimester (14 to 26 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

34. During the last 3 months of pregnancy, the fetus gains over how many pounds?

a. 2

b. 4

c. 5

d. 7

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks; Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Months)

Difficulty Level: Easy

35. During the last 3 months of pregnancy, the fetus grows how many inches?

a. 4

b. 9

c. 7

d. 10

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks; Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Months)

Difficulty Level: Easy

36. In the United States, about 1 in every how many babies is born premature?

a. 5

b. 8

c. 10

d. 20

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks; Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Months)

Difficulty Level: Easy

37. Diane has been a neonatal nurse for over 30 years. She is often asked questions about the age of viability. Her response is that the period begins at about how many weeks after conception?

a. 12

b. 18

c. 22

d. 27

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Third Trimester (27 to 40 Weeks; Seventh, Eighth, Ninth Months)

Difficulty Level: Hard

38. What is the most common reason women delay or avoid seeking prenatal care?

a. lack of health insurance

b. difficulty finding a doctor

c. lack of transportation

d. ambivalence about the pregnancy

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care

Difficulty Level: Medium

39. Which group of women experience low birthweight and mortality rates below national averages, despite inadequate health care, due to strong cultural support for maternity?

a. Greek

b. Latino

c. African American

d. Native American

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

40. Which factor can be involved in the Latino paradox of healthy babies despite a tendency to avoid prenatal care?

a. nontraditional dietary practices

b. small social support network

c. lack of extended family involvement

d. strong cultural support for maternity

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

41. In a recent groundbreaking study, new mothers experienced reductions in the brain’s gray matter which signified ______.

a. decreased ability to bond with their partners

b. increased ability to interpret their infants’ mental states

c. interference with attachment to their infants

d. delay of cognitive functions with their partners

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Brain and Biological Influences on Development: Pregnancy and the Maternal Brain

Difficulty Level: Hard

42. What percentage of the world’s birth defects occur in developing countries?

a. 25%

b. 40%

c. 62%

d. 85%

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Teratogens

Difficulty Level: Easy

43. During the embryonic period, the effect teratogens can have ______.

a. is minimal

b. primarily affects limb growth

c. can be quite significant

d. primarily affects brain growth

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Principles of Teratology

Difficulty Level: Hard

44. Which statement describes teratogens?

a. During the last few months of pregnancy, teratogens have minimal impact on the fetus.

b. Teratogens usually result in observable birth defects, such as facial or limb deformities.

c. The effects of exposure to teratogens are universal.

d. A variety of birth defects can result from the same teratogen.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Principles of Teratology

Difficulty Level: Medium

45. Sleeper effects of teratogens means effects that ______.

a. appear while the person is asleep

b. cause drowsiness at various times during the day

c. are difficult to determine

d. appear years later

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Principles of Teratology

Difficulty Level: Medium

46. Each year, what percentage of infants are born without defects?

a. 50%

b. 75%

c. 88%

d. 97%

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Types of Teratogens

Difficulty Level: Easy

47. In the 1950s and early 1960s, many women were prescribed thalidomide to prevent morning sickness. This drug, often taken in early pregnancy, was associated with ______.

a. juvenile diabetes

b. high birth weight

c. arm and leg deformities

d. stomach cancer

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs

Difficulty Level: Medium

48. Which medication does the U.S. Federal Drug Administration require physician administered pregnancy tests prior to beginning treatment?

a. thalidomide

b. isotretinoin

c. diet pills

d. cold medicine

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs

Difficulty Level: Medium

49. Research on the effects of caffeine use during pregnancy indicate that ______.

a. caffeine appears to be safe in a low amount

b. even one cup of caffeinated coffee can cause permanent damage

c. moderate doses of caffeine cause low birth weight and prematurity

d. caffeine supports cardiovascular development

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Types of Teratogens

Difficulty Level: Medium

50. Karen would drink over six cups of coffee per day before she was pregnant. Her doctor recommended that she reduce her caffeine intake to one cup per day because of the risk of miscarriage. Which principle of teratology does this address?

a. individual differences in susceptibility to particular teratogens

b. amount of exposure to teratogens influence its effects

c. complicated effects of teratogens on development

d. sleeper effects of particular teratogens

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Principles of Teratology

Difficulty Level: Hard

51. Use of which substance during pregnancy has been identified as the leading cause of developmental disabilities?

a. caffeine

b. tobacco

c. alcohol

d. aspirin

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Easy

52. Which statement describes fetal alcohol spectrum disorders?

a. affect between 10% and 15% of American school-age children

b. have been mostly eradicated due to public health campaigns

c. have a more negative impact on girls than boys

d. refer to the continuum of effects of exposure to drinking

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

53. Which statement describes children with fetal alcohol syndrome?

a. generally recover with intense home-based early intervention

b. have a distinct pattern of facial characteristics and deficits in intellectual development

c. have a distinct pattern of facial characteristics but generally have average to above-average intelligence

d. score slightly lower on cognitive assessments than their unexposed age-mates

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Medium

54. Bianca recently found out that she’s pregnant. Prior to confirming the pregnancy, Bianca was a heavy smoker. However, she plans to cut back to no more than five cigarettes a day. The most likely outcome is that Bianca ______.

a. will have a healthy, full-term infant

b. is at risk for having a low-birth-weight baby

c. will likely have a baby with subtle physical defects

d. is likely consuming other teratogens that can harm her baby

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cigarette Smoking

Difficulty Level: Hard

55. The safest level of smoking during pregnancy is how many cigarettes per day?

a. 10

b. 8

c. 4

d. 0

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cigarette Smoking

Difficulty Level: Medium

56. A statement that describes evidence on the effects of marijuana on prenatal development is that they ______.

a. have yet to be completely understood

b. show similar outcomes as cocaine and heroin use

c. conclusively show few long, negative consequences

d. show long-lasting effects of physical and cognitive development

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marijuana

Difficulty Level: Medium

57. Prenatal exposure to marijuana is associated with ______.

a. motor disorders

b. personality disorders

c. cognitive effects

d. hormonal effects

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Marijuana

Difficulty Level: Medium

58. One-month-old Nolan has difficulty regulating his arousal states, shows poor movement skills, poor reflexes, and greater excitability than most infants his age. Nolan was likely exposed to which substance during his mother’s pregnancy?

a. aspirin

b. caffeine

c. marijuana

d. cocaine

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cocaine and Heroin

Difficulty Level: Hard

59. Why is it difficult to determine the effects of prenatal exposure to cocaine and heroin?

a. Most of these babies cannot be identified by health-care workers.

b. Many of these babies were exposed in the first trimester, making it difficult to determine its effects on older fetuses.

c. Most of these babies were exposed to other substances, making it difficult to isolate the effect of each factor.

d. Drug-abusing mothers often refuse to have their babies tested for illegal drugs.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cocaine and Heroin

Difficulty Level: Medium

60. Which contextual factor often co-occur with prenatal substance abuse?

a. poverty

b. single parenthood

c. enablement by loved ones

d. controlling partner

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cocaine and Heroin

Difficulty Level: Easy

61. Maecy was prenatally exposed to marijuana and cocaine. Both of her parents continue to struggle with substance abuse. At age 5, Maecy is at risk for which potentially harmful situation?

a. nonmaternal child care

b. overly controlling parenting

c. bullying from obesity

d. overly harsh discipline

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cocaine and Heroin

Difficulty Level: Hard

62. Laws concerning maternal substance abuse are intended to ______.

a. threaten women with involuntary treatment

b. promote health and protect fetuses

c. ensure protective custody during pregnancy

d. funnel women toward state-sponsored rehabilitation

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Maternal Drug Use While Pregnant

Difficulty Level: Medium

63. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists and the American Medical Association argue that criminal sanctions for maternal drug use are ineffective because ______.

a. most prosecutors refuse to take these cases to court

b. many of the drugs quickly wash out of the mother’s system, making it impossible to establish regular use

c. they increase the risks of harm by discouraging prenatal and postnatal care

d. only three states view prenatal substance abuse as an illegal act

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Applying Developmental Science: Maternal Drug Use While Pregnant

Difficulty Level: Medium

64. Baby Dante was born blind and deaf and has undergone four surgeries on his heart, with more surgeries planned in the future. Dante was likely exposed to what teratogen within the first 10 weeks of his mother’s pregnancy?

a. mumps

b. malnutrition

c. rubella

d. gonorrhea

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Maternal Illness

Difficulty Level: Hard

65. Benji was prenatally exposed to mercury, which means that he will likely ______.

a. experience withdrawal symptoms similar to those of cocaine-exposed babies

b. be at high risk for childhood cancers, such as leukemia

c. score lower on tests of cognitive ability and intelligence and have higher rates of illness

d. be at risk for severe mental health problems, which persist into adulthood

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Environmental Hazards

Difficulty Level: Hard

66. Caroline is pregnant with her first child. She often feels hungry but worries about excessive weight gain during pregnancy. Caroline’s doctor will likely tell her that she should consume between how many calories per day?

a. 1,500–1,800

b. 2,000–2,300

c. 2,200–2,900

d. 3,000–3,500

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Nutrition

Difficulty Level: Hard

67. Most children who are malnourished before birth ______.

a. grow up in enriched environments

b. catch up in physical and cognitive development

c. die within the first 6 months of life

d. continue to receive too little food

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Nutrition

Difficulty Level: Medium

68. Which disorder occurs when the lower part of the neural tube fails to close?

a. spina bifida

b. cerebral palsy

c. anencephaly

d. sciatica

Learning Objective: 3-2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

69. Which disorder occurs when the top part of the neural tube fails to close?

a. spina bifida

b. cerebral palsy

c. anencephaly

d. sciatica

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

70. Which supplement helps protect against spina bifida and anencephaly?

a. vitamin C

b. vitamin D

c. calcium

d. folic acid

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nutrition

Difficulty Level: Easy

71. Exposure to chronic and severe stress during pregnancy is linked to ______.

a. spinal cord defects

b. premature birth

c. childhood obesity

d. diabetes

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Emotional Well-Being

Difficulty Level: Medium

72. Which woman is most vulnerable to pregnancy-related illnesses, such as hypertension and diabetes, as well as an increased risk for miscarriage or stillbirth?

a. Mai, who is 19

b. Jaycee, who is 30

c. Gia, who is 35

d. London, who is 41

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Maternal Age

Difficulty Level: Hard

73. The risk of Down syndrome increases sharply, especially after age ______.

a. 30

b. 33

c. 35

d. 40

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maternal Age

Difficulty Level: Easy

74. A statement that describes the majority of women over the age of 35 who are pregnant is that they ______.

a. give birth to healthy babies

b. experience pregnancy complications

c. have infants with developmental disabilities

d. fail to seek out prenatal health care

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Maternal Age

Difficulty Level: Medium

75. The first stage of childbirth, labor, typically lasts how many hours for a woman having her first child?

a. 2–4

b. 6–10

c. 8–14

d. 12–20

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

76. Chelsea is experiencing contractions that are 10 minutes apart and the amniotic sac just ruptured. What stage of labor is she in?

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Hard

77. The second stage of childbirth involves ______.

a. labor

b. delivery

c. contractions decreasing in intensity

d. elimination of the placenta

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

78. Catherine’s baby is crowning. What stage of labor is she in?

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Hard

79. What happens in the third stage of childbirth?

a. The placenta is expelled by uterine contractions.

b. Contractions push the baby from the mother’s body.

c. Uterine contractions are spaced at ten to fifteen-minute intervals.

d. The fetus’s head is positioned toward the opening of the cervix.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Medium

80. Emily has delivered her baby and is now expelling the placenta. What stage of labor is she in?

a. first

b. second

c. third

d. fourth

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Hard

81. Olivia chooses to have an epidural during labor and delivery. Which effect is Olivia most likely to experience?

a. general relaxation

b. unconsciousness

c. longer delivery time

d. stronger uterine contractions

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medication During Delivery

Difficulty Level: Hard

82. A statement that describes a cesarean section is it______.

a. is primarily used for babies who weigh more than 7 pounds

b. causes the fetus to secrete high levels of stress hormones

c. occurs in approximately 70% of U.S. births

d. is a surgical procedure that removes the baby through the abdomen

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cesarean Delivery

Difficulty Level: Medium

83. Which patient will most likely need a cesarean delivery?

a. Nina, whose baby’s prenatal weight is nine pounds

b. Kat, whose labor is progressing rapidly

c. Tori, whose is extremely nervous about labor

d. Jessa, whose baby is in breech position

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cesarean Delivery

Difficulty Level: Hard

84. Emily and Trevor are preparing for the birth of their first child. Their obstetrician explains that a cesarean delivery may be necessary if ______.

a. the baby weighs more than nine pounds

b. labor progresses too slowly

c. the baby’s head is toward the cervix

d. labor progresses too quickly

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cesarean Delivery

Difficulty Level: Hard

85. Natural childbirth is an approach to birth that reduces pain through the use of ______.

a. breathing and relaxation exercises

b. breathing and weight training exercises

c. education about nutritional principles

d. education about Eastern philosophies

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Natural Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

86. Tanya and Eve would like another support person as Eve gives birth to their child. The term for this type of caregiver is ______.

a. doula

b. midwife

c. nurse

d. anesthesiologist

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Natural Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

87. The term for a health care professional, usually a nurse, who specializes in childbirth is ______.

a. doula

b. midwife

c. technician

d. coordinator

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Natural Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

88. Most home births are managed by ______.

a. a midwife

b. a doula

c. an obstetrician

d. an anesthesiologist

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Home Birth

Difficulty Level: Easy

89. A statement that describes home births is that they ______.

a. have a greater risk of perinatal mortality

b. are usually attended by a midwife

c. are more common in the United States than in Europe

d. result in lower neurological scores for newborns

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Home Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

90. Corinne’s research has told her that reduced neonatal mortality, reduced preterm birth, fewer interventions, and more efficient use of medical resources is most probable by including which professional in her birthing plan?

a. midwife

b. nutritionist

c. spiritual advisor

d. family member

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Home Birth

Difficulty Level: Easy

91. In the United States, the typical setting for childbirth is ______.

a. a birthing center

b. with friends and family

c. a hospital

d. while at home

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Differences in Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Easy

92. Joachim and George are designing the birth plan with their surrogate. It is most likely that their baby will be born ______.

a. in a birthing center

b. with friends and family present

c. in a hospital

d. while at home

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Differences in Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

93. In a small village in southern Italy, childbirth is considered ______.

a. necessary to take place in a birthing center

b. a private event

c. necessary to take place at home

d. a community event

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Differences in Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

94. In which culture is childbirth viewed as a public process?

a. Italian

b. Maya

c. Jahara

d. Zinacanteco

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Differences in Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

95. After a delivery, women in which culture achieve a higher social position and can then give advice to other women?

a. the Brong-Ahafo region of Ghana

b. Japan

c. southern Italy

d. the Zinacanteco

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cultural Influences on Development: Cultural Differences in Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Medium

96. The average newborn is how many inches long, and weighs how many pounds?

a. 18; 5

b. 20; 7.5

c. 24; 8

d. 22; 8.5

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Newborn

Difficulty Level: Easy

97. A quick and easy overall assessment of the baby’s immediate health is ______.

a. prenatal vital signs

b. the Apgar scale

c. irritability measurement

d. muscle tone assessments

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns

Difficulty Level: Easy

98. Newborn Rosie received an Apgar score of 3, which means that she ______.

a. is in good health

b. may need medical assistance

c. is in serious condition and needs immediate medical attention

d. has a pulse over 100 and has active and strong reflexes

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns

Difficulty Level: Hard

99. Over what percentage of newborns in the United States achieve a 5-minute Apgar score of 7–10?

a. 25%

b. 50%

c. 77%

d. 98%

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns

Difficulty Level: Easy

100. Joachim and Ofelia welcomed their new daughter a few days ago. Which test will now be administered to assess the newborn’s neurological functioning?

a. Brazelton Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale

b. the Apgar scale

c. irritability measurement

d. muscle tone assessments

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Newborns

Difficulty Level: Hard

101. Which statement describes the newborn’s perceptual capacities at birth?

a. Vision is well developed.

b. Touch appears to be nonfunctioning.

c. Taste appears to function well.

d. Hearing is the least developed sense.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: The Newborn’s Perceptual Capacities

Difficulty Level: Hard

102. Mrs. Cortez wants to make sure her newborn grandson can see her face when she talks to him. Mrs. Cortex should hold the baby how many inches from her face?

a. 6

b. 12

c. 15

d. 18

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: The Newborn’s Perceptual Capacities

Difficulty Level: Hard

103. In a typical day, newborn Jerico will move in and out of how many states of arousal?

a. 4

b. 6

c. 8

d. 10

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Newborn States of Arousal

Difficulty Level: Hard

104. Newborns spend about what percentage of their sleep time in REM?

a. 10%

b. 25%

c. 50%

d. 75%

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Newborn States of Arousal

Difficulty Level: Easy

105. Which child spends the greatest amount of time in REM sleep?

a. Nev, who was born premature

b. Stacey, who is a full-term newborn

c. Lara, who just turned 2 months old

d. Braxton, who is 3 years old

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Newborn States of Arousal

Difficulty Level: Hard

106. In which state of arousal does a newborn experience irregular breathing?

a. waking activity

b. drowsiness

c. regular sleep

d. quiet alertness

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Newborn States of Arousal

Difficulty Level: Hard

107. The Centers for Disease Control are concerned with prematurity and low birth weight because these factors ______.

a. are easily controlled with education

b. are easily influenced with medical intervention

c. account for about a third of mortality cases in infancy

d. present the number one infancy issue worldwide

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard

108. What percentage of babies born in the United States each year have low birth weight?

a. 6%

b. 8%

c. 15%

d. 18%

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Easy

109. Babies are considered preterm if they are ______.

a. born at least 3 months prior to their due date

b. born before their due date

c. almost full term but have experienced slow growth

d. smaller than expected for their gestational age

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Easy

110. Newborn Mirella was born at 38 weeks gestation. However, she only weighed 3.5 pounds at birth. Mirella is classified as ______.

a. preterm

b. extremely low birth weight

c. small for date

d. low birth weight

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard

111. Very low birth weight refers to a weight less than how many pounds?

a. 6.5

b. 5

c. 4

d. 3.5

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Easy

112. Which baby is at greatest risk for serious health problems?

a. Morgan, who was born preterm

b. Vinnie, who was born small for date

c. Troy, who weighed 5.5 pounds at birth

d. Flynn, who was born at 35 weeks gestation

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard

113. Low birth weight infants can be described as ______.

a. being generally healthy overcoming developmental obstacles within the first year of life

b. having hospital stays of 6 months or longer

c. having Apgar scores of 7 or higher

d. experiencing difficulty breathing and being likely to suffer from respiratory distress syndrome

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Medium

114. The deficits that low birth weight infants endure correspond closely to the infant’s ______.

a. gestational age

b. sex

c. size at delivery

d. ethnicity

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Medium

115. A statement that describes low birth weight infants is that they ______.

a. are likely to get sensitive care from parents

b. are at risk for insecure attachment

c. seek out stimulation from the environment

d. tend to sleep less than their full-term counterparts

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard

116. Extremely low birth weight infants are at risk for particularly poor outcomes because they ______.

a. have difficulty surviving

b. experience frequent illnesses

c. experience fewer medical interventions

d. are less likely to catch up with peers over time

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard

117. Which technique can help promote development in low birth weight babies?

a. massage

b. limiting sugar intake

c. dim lighting

d. sound deprivation

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard

118. Placing the low birth weight or premature infant vertically against the parent’s chest, under the shirt, thereby promoting skin-to-skin contact is called ______.

a. attachment therapy

b. newborn intervention

c. kangaroo care

d. supplemental care

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Easy

119. Which practice reduced mother-to-child HIV transmission during childbirth?

a. cesarean delivery

b. vaginal delivery

c. natural delivery

d. water delivery

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Lives in Context: HIV Infection in Newborns

Difficulty Level: Medium

120. Globally, which practice accounts for 30–50% of HIV transmission in newborns?

a. cesarean delivery

b. breast-feeding

c. lack of immunization

d. mother-infant contact after birth

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lives in Context: HIV Infection in Newborns

Difficulty Level: Easy

True/False

1. Sperm travel for approximately 12 hours to reach the fallopian tube.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. In the presence of an ovum, sperm become hyperactivated and they swim more vigorously

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Conception

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. The zygote shows reflex responses to touch.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Easy

4. The Y chromosome of the male embryo instructs it to secrete testosterone, causing the indifferent gonad to create testes.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks)

Difficulty Level: Medium

5. The end of the first month of pregnancy marks the close of the first trimester.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Fetal Period (9 Weeks to Birth)

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. A teratogen is an agent that causes damage to prenatal development without lasting effects.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

7. Some sexually transmitted diseases, such as syphilis, can be transmitted to the fetus during pregnancy.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Maternal Illness

Difficulty Level: Easy

8. Both caffeine and aspirin are linked to low birth weight, neurological disorders, and behavioral problems in childhood.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Prescription and Nonprescription Drugs

Difficulty Level: Medium

9. Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders affect between 15% and 20% of school-age children in the United States.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Easy

10. Fetal malnutrition is associated with increased susceptibility to complex diseases in postnatal life.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Nutrition

Difficulty Level: Medium

11. Childbirth takes place in four stages of approximately equal length.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

12. Labor lasts the longest for mothers having children born after their first one.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

13. Babies delivered by cesarean section are exposed to the same medications and potential risks that a vaginal delivery baby is exposed to.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cesarean Delivery

Difficulty Level: Medium

14. A C-section is warranted in cases where the mother or baby’s health is in jeopardy.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Cesarean Delivery

Difficulty Level: Medium

15. Home births have low risks of perinatal mortality

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Home Birth

Difficulty Level: Medium

16. The Apgar scale is administered one minute after delivery and again five minutes after birth.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Medical and Behavioral Assessment of Infants

Difficulty Level: Easy

17. At birth, newborns show preferences for their native language.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: The Newborn’s Perceptual Capacities

Difficulty Level: Easy

18. Young infants seem to have a special need for REM sleep because they spend little time in the active alert state.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Newborn States of Arousal

Difficulty Level: Easy

19. Kangaroo care is less effective than other medical interventions in improving growth and development in low birth weight babies.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Medium

20. Nearly 80% of neonates with HIV develop AIDS during the first year of life.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Lives in Context: HIV Infection in Newborns

Difficulty Level: Easy

Short Answer

1. Identify the three periods of prenatal development, noting the time frame associated with each period.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Germinal Period (0 to 2 Weeks), Embryonic Period (3 to 8 Weeks), and Fetal Period (9 Weeks to Birth)

Difficulty Level: Easy

2. Explain why even though only one sperm fertilizes an ovum, over 360 million are released during ejaculation.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

3. What is a teratogen, and at what period of prenatal development is the developing organism especially vulnerable to damage from teratogens?

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development

Difficulty Level: Medium

4. Identify five hazards to prenatal development.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Environmental Influences on Prenatal Development

Difficulty Level: Easy

5. List the three stages of childbirth. Approximately how long does each stage last?

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Easy

6. Explain the effects analgesics and anesthesia on childbirth.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Labor

Difficulty Level: Medium

7. Explain three factors involved in a home birth.

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Home Birth

Difficulty Level: Hard

8. List the six newborn states of arousal.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Knowledge

Answer Location: Newborn States of Arousal

Difficulty Level: Easy

9. Distinguish between preterm and small for date babies.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Medium

10. Explain why the rate of mother-to-child transmission of HIV has dropped in recent years.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Lives in Context: HIV Infection in Newborns

Difficulty Level: Hard

Essay

1. Explain three reasons why women delay or avoid seeking prenatal care.

Learning Objective: 3.1: Describe the three periods of prenatal development that begin with conception.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Contextual and Cultural Influences on Prenatal Care

Difficulty Level: Hard

2. Research shows that the effects of exposure to teratogens on prenatal development vary depending on four principles. List and explain these principles.

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Comprehension

Answer Location: Principles of Teratology

Difficulty Level: Medium

3. Judith, who is pregnant with her first child, is aware of the devastating consequences associated with heavy alcohol use during pregnancy. However, she believes that having a few glasses of wine a week is safe and may actually be good for her during the pregnancy. According to research on alcohol use during pregnancy, is Judith correct? Why or why not?

Learning Objective: 3.2: Identify how exposure to teratogens can influence the prenatal environment.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Alcohol

Difficulty Level: Hard

4. Tia, who is pregnant with her fourth child, recently separated from her husband. She is currently taking care of three children under the age of 7, and working two part-time jobs. What can Tia do to minimize the risk of the stresses of labor and delivery?

Learning Objective: 3.3: Explain the process of childbirth.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Application

Answer Location: Natural Childbirth

Difficulty Level: Hard

5. Explain how parental responses to having a low-birthweight infant influence the child’s long-term health outcomes.

Learning Objective: 3.4: Discuss the neonate’s physical capacities, including development in low-birthweight infants.

REF: Cognitive Domain: Analysis

Answer Location: Low Birth Weight Infants: Preterm and Small-for-Date Babies

Difficulty Level: Hard