Ch.3 The Chemistry Of Organic Molecules Complete Test Bank

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 3 The Chemistry of Organic Molecules

1) Saturated fatty acids and unsaturated fatty acids differ in

A) the number of carbon-to-carbon bonds.

B) the consistency at room temperature.

C) the number of hydrogen atoms present.

D) All of the choices are differences between saturated and unsaturated fatty acids.

2) Which of the following carbohydrates would NOT be a molecule used for energy storage?

A) starch

B) cellulose

C) glycogen

D) All of the above are used for energy storage

3) How do the lipids of the cell membrane and the lipids found in butter and vegetable oil differ?

A) the number of fatty acids 

B) the type of glycerol molecule

C) the carbon to carbon bonds

D) Lipids of the cell membrane are solid at body temperature whereas the lipids found in vegetable oil and butter are liquid at body temperature.

4) Which functional group when attached to a hydrocarbon chain will form an alcohol?

A) hydroxyl

B) carbonyl

C) carboxyl

D) amino

E) phosphate

5) Which of the following is the primary function of carbohydrates in living organisms?

A) Carbohydrates are used as long-term energy storage.

B) Carbohydrates store hereditary information.

C) Carbohydrates form the basic structural framework of all cell membranes.

D) Carbohydrates are used as an immediate energy source.

6) Which of the following are characteristic of carbohydrates? Select all that apply.

A) The monomer subunits are called amino acids.

B) The monomer subunits are constructed primarily from carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen.

C) Carbohydrates provide an immediate source of energy for cells.

D) Starch is a carbohydrate found specifically in fungi.

E) Chitin is a carbohydrate found in the exoskeletons of crabs and other similar animals.

7) In lab, your biology instructor has asked you to identify an unknown solution. During one of the tests you perform your sample turns light purple indicating the presence of peptide bonds. Based on this information, you determine your solution contains

A) lipids.

B) protein.

C) starch.

D) DNA.

E) monosaccharides.

8) You come across an article that discusses a new drug that interferes with hydrogen bonding during protein formation. Based on your understanding of the levels of protein organization, which of the following is a probable consequence following exposure to this new drug?

A) The drug would prevent amino acids from bonding together which would in turn prevent the formation of the primary structure of the protein.

B) Protein folding will arrest during the formation of secondary structure. The drug would prevent the polypeptide from forming an alpha helix or a beta sheet.

C) Protein folding will arrest during the formation of tertiary structure. The drug would interfere with the ability of the alpha helix or beta sheet to form the bonds necessary to fold into a globular protein.

D) The polypeptide would be unable to form a quarternary structure because it would be unable to form the bonds necessary to link up with other protein molecules.

9) Organic molecules are those that contain at least

A) carbon.

B) carbon and oxygen.

C) carbon and hydrogen.

D) carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen.

10) Which of the following is true about the differences between organic and inorganic molecules?

A) Organic molecules are living and inorganic molecules are nonliving.

B) Organic molecules contain at least carbon and hydrogen and inorganic molecules do not.

C) Organic molecules are relatively unstable and inorganic molecules are relatively stable.

D) Organic molecules are held together primarily with ionic bonds and inorganic molecules are held together primarily with covalent bonds.

11) A hydrocarbon is hydrophobic

A) at all times.

B) only in the living cell environment.

C) except when it has a polar functional group attached.

D) in carbohydrates but not in lipids.

12) What term is used for molecules that have identical molecular formulas but the atoms in each molecule are arranged differently?

A) isotope

B) isomer

C) homomolecules

D) organic

E) balanced

13) What is the molecular formula of these molecules? How do these molecules differ? Are these the same molecule? 

14) Identify the following molecule:

A) amino acid

B) hydrocarbon

C) carbohydrate

D) alcohol

E) cholesterol

15) What is the molecular formula for five glucose (C6H12O6) molecules bonded together by dehydration synthesis?

A) C30H50O26

B) C30H60O30

C) C30H52O26

D) C30H50O30

16) A polysaccharide is a polymer made up of which kind of monomers?

A) simple sugars

B) amino acids

C) nucleotides

D) alternating sugar and phosphate groups

E) fatty acids and glycerol

17) A triglyceride is a polymer made up of which kind of subunits?

A) glucose or modified glucose molecules

B) amino acids

C) nucleotides

D) alternating sugar and phosphate groups

E) fatty acids and glycerol

18) A dehydration reaction can also be called a(n) ________ reaction since it forms water.

A) condensation

B) hydrolysis

C) isomeric

D) energy-releasing

E) monomer formation

19) Which of the following are structural carbohydrate molecules?

A) starch and glycogen

B) starch and cellulose

C) glycogen and cellulose

D) cellulose and chitin

E) glycogen and chitin

20) Which carbohydrate is found in the cell walls of plants?

A) starch

B) chitin

C) cellulose

D) glycogen

E) glycerol

21) Which carbohydrate is used to store energy in the liver?

A) starch

B) chitin

C) cellulose

D) glycogen

E) glycerol

22) Which carbohydrate is found in the exoskeleton of insects and crabs?

A) starch

B) chitin

C) cellulose

D) glycogen

E) glycerol

23) Identify this molecule:

A) amino acid

B) hydrocarbon

C) carbohydrate

D) alcohol

E) lipid

24) If an animal needed to store energy for long-term use which of the following would be the best choice?

A) fructose and glucose in the form of honey

B) fat molecules

C) complex cellulose molecules

D) starch

E) glycogen with extensive side branches of glucose

25) A peptide bond is found in which type of biological molecule?

A) carbohydrate

B) lipid

C) nucleic acid

D) protein

26) The alpha helix and beta sheet are found at which level of protein organization?

A) primary structure

B) secondary structure

C) tertiary structure

D) quaternary structure

27)  At the molecular level, cells from different types of organisms vary in their tolerance to temperature and pH. This variation can mostly likely be attributed to

A) the types of enzymes present in the cells.

B) ATP efficiency.

C) ability of the cells to form glucose polymers.

D) replication of nucleic acids.

E) extent of saturation of fatty acids.

28) Which of these statements is NOT true about DNA?

A) It is the genetic material of the cell.

B) It forms a double helix.

C) Adenine pairs with thymine and guanine pairs with cytosine.

D) It contains the sugar ribose.

E) The sugar and phosphate groups form the backbone of the molecule.

29) Fish sperm is composed mostly of DNA. If we tested a sample chemically, we should find relatively high amounts of

A) nitrogenous bases, sugar, and phosphate groups.

B) phospholipids and steroids.

C) amino acids and unsaturated fats.

D) triglycerides and ATP.

E) globular proteins and stored fats.

30) Which statement is true about RNA?

A) It contains adenine paired to thymine.

B) One of the bases from DNA is replaced by uracil.

C) It contains the sugar deoxyribose.

D) Its nucleotides contain twice as many phosphate groups as DNA's nucleotides.

E) It is a double-stranded molecule.

31) The reactivity of an organic molecule is primarily dependent upon ________ of the molecule.

A) the carbon skeleton

B) the attached functional groups

C) the isomer

D) All of the choices are correct.

32) You come across an image of a molecule in research article about fatty acids. You notice the molecule has several double bonds in its structure. Based on your knowledge of fatty acids, you conclude that this molecule is most likely

A) a saturated fatty acid.

B) an unsaturated fatty acid.

C) something other than a fatty acid because fatty acids don't have double bonds.

33) A saturated fat

A) is often solid at room temperature.

B) has fatty acids with no double bonds between the carbon atoms.

C) is of animal origin.

D) All of the choices are correct.

34) A polypeptide has an amino acid sequence of: alanine-leucine-tryptophan-glycine-valine-alanine.

This chain of amino acids is further organized into a helix that folds in and around itself to form a globular structure. The primary structure of this polypeptide is

A) globular.

B) pleated-sheet.

C) alpha helix.

D) alanine-leucine-tryptophan-glycine-valine-alanine.

35) How many molecules of water are used during hydrolysis to break the following polypeptide into its constituent amino acids: alanine-leucine-tryptophan-glycine-valine-alanine?

A) six

B) five

C) one

D) seven

36) A strand of DNA has the following base sequence: ATTGCGAATGGCA. Construct the complementary strand of DNA.

37) Construct a portion of cell membrane using the typical phospholipid symbols. Indicate the location of the cytoplasm and outside of the cell. Explain how the chemical characteristics of phospholipid molecules dictate membrane structure and cause it to be fluid in nature.

38) The feet of penguins and reindeer contain large amounts of unsaturated fatty acids. Why would these animals have these fats in their feet rather than saturated fats?

39) Chitin and cellulose are both carbon-based molecules that do not spontaneously decompose. What would happen if all of the chitin and cellulose decomposers were destroyed?

40) Choose the figure that depicts polymer synthesis.

A) Figure 1

B) Figure 2

41) If 15% of the bases in a DNA molecule are adenine, what percentage is cytosine?

A) 15%

B) 30%

C) 70%

D) 35%

42) If a DNA molecule contains 20% guanine, how much cytosine will the DNA molecule contain?

43) A carbon atom can form up to three single covalent bonds with other atoms.

44) Waxes consist of a glycerol bonded to three long-chain fatty acids.

45) ATP is a nucleotide that functions in providing energy for cellular work.

46) Starch is a polysaccharide that stores energy in animal cells.

47) Migratory birds store energy as glycogen which is lighter than fat.

48) Which of the following represents a sulfhydryl group?

A) SH

B) H-N-H

C) OH

D) 0=C-OH

E) C=O

49) Which of the following is a function of a steroid?

A) sex hormone

B) transmission of genetic information

C) long term energy storage

D) insulation against cold

E) protective layer

50) Due to an increased risk of heart disease many doctors have suggested shifting our diet to include more unsaturated fats and less saturated fats. As you cook dinner tonight the recipe calls for two Tbs of oil. Which of the following would be the healthiest choice?

A) olive or safflower oil

B) pork fat

C) melted butter

D) lard that was left out at room temperature

E) All of these choices are saturated fats.

51) Which of the following is NOT a function of proteins?

A) support

B) transportation

C) defense

D) motion

E) insulation

52) Which of the following protein is correctly matched with its location?

A) Hemoglobin is found within the red blood cells.

B) Myosin is found within the ligaments.

C) Actin is found within the tendons.

D) Collagen is found within the muscle cells.

E) Keratin is found within the cell membrane.

53) Your professor shows you a computer model of a protein and asks you to identify the structural level. It appears to consist of only one polypeptide chain and has a globular shape. What is your determination?

A) The protein has tertiary structure.

B) The protein has secondary structure.

C) The protein has primary structure.

D) The protein has quaternary structure.

E) This is not a picture of a protein.

54) What are the basic structures that make up a nucleotide?

A) pentose sugar, phosphate, and nitrogen-containing base

B) pentose sugar, nitrate, and phosphorus-containing base

C) pentose sugar, phosphate, and sulfur-containing base

D) hydroxide group, phosphate, and nitrogen-containing base

E) pentose sugar, sodium, and nitrogen-containing base

55) Which of the following structures is classified as a nucleic acid?

A) myosin

B) RNA

C) glucose

D) glycerol

E) cytosine

56) Which statement below correctly describes why ATP is a high energy structure?

A) ATP contains two phosphate bonds that contain high levels of energy.

B) ATP contains hydro-carbon chains that hold energy.

C) ATP is composed of thymine which is a high energy molecule.

D) ATP has three phosphate bonds, two of which are unstable and easily broken.

E) ATP has three phosphate bonds that are very stable and difficult to break.