Exam Questions A View Of Life Chapter.1

Biology, 13e (Mader)

Chapter 1 A View of Life

1) A university biology department wishes to hire a scientist to work on the relationships among the wolves, moose, trees, and physical features on an island. If you were charged with writing the job description, you should title the position

A) population geneticist.

B) molecular biologist.

C) ecosystem ecologist.

D) organismal physiologist.

E) island zoologist.

2) Which of the following terms best describes a conceptual scheme in science that is strongly supported, has not yet been found incorrect, and is based on the results of many observations?

A) a scientific model

B) an experiment

C) descriptive research

D) a scientific theory or principle

E) experimental results

3) Choose the correct order of classification from most inclusive to most exclusive.

A) Domain-Kingdom-Phylum-Class-Order-Family-Genus-Species

B) Kingdom-Domain-Class-Phylum-Order-Family-Genus-Species

C) Kingdom-Domain-Class-Phylum-Order-Genus-Species-Family

D) Kingdom-Class-Phylum-Domain-Genus-Order-Family-Species

4) Due to human activities, more carbon dioxide is being released into the atmosphere than is being removed. What happens to this extra carbon dioxide? Select all that apply.

A) Some of the carbon dioxide stays in the atmosphere which causes surface temperature to rise.

B) Approximately half of the extraneous carbon dioxide is being expelled into deep space.

C) Much of the extraneous carbon dioxide is dissolved into the oceans where it is causing acidification.

D) Trees and other plants have increased their rates of photosynthesis and are effectively removing most of the extraneous carbon dioxide.

5) Which listing correctly indicates a sequence of increasing biological organization?

A) molecule, cell, organelle, atom

B) organelle, tissue, cell, molecule

C) organ, tissue, atom, molecule

D) atom, molecule, organelle, cell

6) The classification system most commonly used by biologists today contains five domains.

7) Single-celled prokaryotes

A) lack a membrane-bounded nucleus.

B) are classified in the domains Bacteria and Archaea.

C) are found in almost all habitats.

D) All of the choices are correct.

Match the items below with their descriptions:

A) multicellular organisms comprised of filaments that obtain their food by absorption 

B) multicellular organisms that ingest their food

C) multicellular, photosynthetic organisms

8) Plantae

9) Animalia

10) Fungi

11) Climate change is primarily due to an imbalance in the chemical cycling of the element carbon.

Living organisms on Earth share many common characteristics. Which statements are TRUE and which are FALSE about nearly all living things?

12) All living organisms are made up of cells.

13) Living things must have an outside source of nutrients and energy.

14) In multicellular organisms, tissues are comprised of many different types of cells.

15) Only multicellular organisms need to maintain homeostasis.

16) The ultimate source of energy for nearly all forms of life on Earth is water.

17) In the scientific method, what precedes the formation of the hypothesis?

A) a prediction

B) experimentation

C) analysis of results

D) observation

18) The control group in an experiment receives all the same treatments as the experimental group(s), except for the one variable being tested.

19) The selective agents for natural selection can be either abiotic or biotic.

20) Living organisms are characterized by

A) adapting to the environment.

B) evolving over time.

C) displaying homeostatic controls.

D) All of the choices pertain to living organisms.

Living and nonliving entities share some characteristics. Which statements are TRUE and which are FALSE about the living and nonliving components of an ecosystem?

21) All living things and nonliving materials are made of cells.

22) All living things and nonliving materials exhibit homeostatic controls.

23) All matter, whether alive or not, is comprised of atoms.

24) Both living and nonliving entities adapt to the environment.

25) Which of the following domains contains prokaryotes that are known for living in extreme environments?

A) Archaea

B) Bacteria

C) Plantae

D) Fungi

E) Eukarya

26) Which of the following concepts is NOT one of the basic theories of biology?

A) All organisms are composed of cells.

B) Life may arise through spontaneous generation.

C) New cells only come from preexisting cells.

D) The internal environment of an organism stays relatively constant.

E) All living things have a common ancestor and are adapted to a particular way of life.

27) All of the following are examples of maintaining homeostasis except:

A) A sensor detects CO2 levels in the blood and triggers an increase or decrease in the rate of breathing.

B) A drop in body temperature triggers shivering which generates heat; an increase in body temperature triggers sweating which releases heat.

C) Feelings of hunger and then fullness affect the length of time between meals and quantity of food you eat, keeping your weight near a "set point."

D) A cancerous tumor continues to grow larger and then metastasizes, spreading to new areas of the body.

E) By opening and closing pores in their leaves, plants continuously exchange oxygen and carbon dioxide with the atmosphere.

28) The expected outcome of an experiment is known as

A) a scientific model.

B) an experiment.

C) a prediction.

D) a scientific theory or principle.

E) experimental results.

29) Which of the following organisms are ultimately dependent on the sun as a source of energy?

A) A night-blooming flower that is pollinated by night-flying bats.

B) An underground earthworm that avoids the sun.

C) A cave fish that feeds on plant debris.

D) All of the choices ARE ultimately dependent on the sun.

E) All of the choices are NOT ultimately dependent on the sun.

30) A researcher is interested in determining the average length and weight of loblolly pine tree needles in the southeast United States. Will the data be obtained through observation or experimentation?

A) observation

B) experimentation

C) Neither observation nor experimentation.

D) Both observation and experimentation.

31) A doctor is testing the effectiveness of a new antibiotic. He gives the first group of patients a placebo, a second group receives antibiotic A, while the third group receives antibiotic B. Which of the groups is considered the control group?

A) the group that received antibiotic A

B) the group that received the placebo

C) the group that received antibiotic B

D) both groups receiving antibiotic A and B

32) An earlier classification system grouped organisms by whether they inhabited the air, land, or sea. More modern classification systems such as the three-domain system are divided into class-order-family-genus-species as described in this chapter. What advantages does the more modern classification system have over the older system?

A) The modern classification system better represents the unity of life.

B) The modern classification system reflects the evolutionary relationships between organisms.

C) The modern classification system allows for the precise organization of a multitude of species.

D) The more modern classification system groups organisms based on similarities related to their structure and evolution.

E) All of the choices are correct.

33) A cell is to a tissue as an atom is to a

A) molecule.

B) subatomic particle.

C) electron.

D) population.

34) You are interested in the effect of increased carbon dioxide versus normal air on the growth of corn plants as well as the effect of green light versus full sunlight on the growth of corn plants. Your plan is to set up your experiment inside a greenhouse where you can control the environment. Which of the following is an aspect of the experiment that should be considered and controlled?

A) An increase in carbon dioxide should not result in a substantial decrease of other necessary gases.

B) All seedlings come from one uniform strain.

C) The intensity or brightness of the green light equals the intensity of the full sunlight.

D) All temperatures and available water remain the same for all plants.

E) All of the choices are important considerations.

35) Tropical rain forests have many species that are found in great abundance. A study in the Brazilian rain forest found 487 tree species growing on a single hectare (2.5 acres). In the U.S. and Canada together, there are only 700 species of trees on millions of acres. In one park in a Peruvian rain forest, scientists have identified over 1,300 species of butterflies, while in all of Europe there are approximately 320 butterfly species. These findings suggest that

A) rain forests are biologically less diverse than other ecosystems on Earth.

B) the number of tree species and butterfly species are about the same throughout the ecosystems of the world.

C) rain forests are biologically more diverse than other ecosystems.

D) as many as 400 species a day are lost due to human activity.

E) rain forests do not have any type of value to humans.

36) Biodiversity in a particular ecosystem

A) is the total number of species in that ecosystem.

B) includes the variability of the individual genes.

C) impacts the function of the ecosystem in which the species live.

D) All of the choices are correct.

37) Some members of Daphnia, a water flea, have a genetic mutation that causes them to prefer warmer environments. These members reproduce and pass these genetic changes to their offspring. The next generation will occupy warmer environments not previously occupied by this species. This is an example of

A) adaptation.

B) homeostasis.

C) irritability.

D) All of the choices are correct.

38) Some biologists study the complex interactions of animals and plants in forests or prairies. Such ecology field research often produces slightly different results for different researchers. In contrast, ecology experiments that are run indoors with one organism in a terrarium usually produce results that are repeatable. What is the most likely explanation?

A) The scientific method is only useful in laboratory settings.

B) It is not possible to establish a control group outside of a laboratory.

C) It is easier to hold all but one variable constant in a laboratory.

D) Field research is only descriptive, and descriptive research is not strictly "science."

E) Fieldwork is inductive; lab work is deductive.

Dr. James isolated Staphylococcus aureus, a type of bacteria, from the leg wound of a ten-year-old boy. He suspected these bacteria would grow better at body temperature than room temperature (72°F), but thought that he should collect data to support his thinking. Dr. James introduced the same number of Staphylococcus bacteria into each of six test tubes containing the same type and amount of nutrient broth. Three test tubes were incubated at 98.6°F (Group 1), while three test tubes (Group 2) sat at 72°F. After 24 hours, Dr. James compared the turbidity (indicative of growth) of all six tubes and rated each on a scale of 0 - 4. 0 indicates no turbidity (no growth), while 4 indicates high turbidity (high growth). The following data were collected:

39) After reading the scenario, write the hypothesis that was being tested in Dr. James's experiment.

40) Would you consider this to be a controlled experiment?

41) Evaluate the data presented here to reach a conclusion. Would you reject or accept the null hypothesis?

42) The dependent (responding) variable in this experiment is

A) the temperature.

B) growth of bacteria, as indicated by the turbidity in the test tubes.

C) the time that the test tubes were allowed to sit.

D) amount of initial inoculum, or number of bacteria introduced into each test tube.

43) The independent (experimental) variable is

A) temperature.

B) growth of bacteria.

C) incubation period.

D) amount of initial inoculum.

44) To ensure a controlled experiment, all of the following conditions (variables) should be identical in Group 1 and Group 2:

A) type of bacteria, temperature, and incubation period

B) temperature and amount of initial inoculum (bacteria used)

C) type of bacteria, incubation period, amount of bacteria used

D) degree of turbidity, incubation period, and amount of bacteria

45) Choose which of the following statements is a hypothesis for an experiment.

A) Based on the data collected during an experiment, S. aureus grows better at body temperature than room temperature.

B) Based on observation, it is predicted that S. aureus will grow better at body temperature than at room temperature.

C) S. aureus grew equally well at room temperature and at body temperature.

D) Based on the data collected during the experiment, it is confirmed that S. aureus grew better at room temperature.

46) Dr. James performed another experiment. Instead of inoculating the test tubes with Staphylococcus, he used the bacterium, Streptococcus. He found that Streptococcus grew better at body temperature than at room temperature. This is a replicate of the first experiment.

47) Dr. James considers the bacteria grown at body temperature to be the control group and room temperature the experimental group. Do you agree with this reasoning?

48) For five years, you wake up before the alarm is set to ring each morning. This leads you to conclude that all people have a built-in "alarm clock" capable of waking them up. From a science viewpoint, this conclusion

A) is science because it is based on real observations.

B) is science because it is predictive of what will happen tomorrow morning.

C) is scientifically valid because 5 years × 365 days is a large number of trials.

D) may not be valid because it generalizes about all people, and there may have been other variables that could awaken you without a built-in clock.

E) cannot be scientifically tested because it involves human behavior.

49) The manner in which a scientist intends to conduct an experiment is called

A) inductive reasoning.

B) the experimental design.

C) data collection and analysis.

D) the conclusion.

50) Arrange in order, the levels of ecological study from most inclusive to most exclusive:

A) biosphere, ecosystem, community, population, individual organism

B) ecosystem, biosphere, population, community, individual organism

C) individual organism, community, population, ecosystem, biosphere

D) individual organism, population, community, ecosystem, biosphere

51) Which definition best describes a population?

A) the members of a species in a given area

B) the interaction between the organisms and their environment

C) the region of Earth that contains living organisms

D) the interaction between various groups of organisms in a given environment

E) all of the females of a given species in a particular area

52) Which of the following features are present at the ecosystem level?

A) chemical cycling through the food chain

B) energy flow that begins at the producer level

C) input of solar energy

D) complex interactions between a variety of populations

E) All are features of an ecosystem.

53) Organisms belonging to the same ________ would be the most closely related.

A) kingdom

B) phylum

C) family

D) class

E) order

54) What type of information does science provide for society?

A) information about the natural world

B) information about the supernatural world

C) information about religious beliefs

D) information about religious beliefs and the natural world

55) What is the best description of technology?

A) Technology is the application of scientific knowledge to the interests of humans.

B) Technology is the development of new tools.

C) Technology is the use of power to make human life easier.

D) Technology is the advancement of the functionality of computers.