Test Questions & Answers Why Do We Use Statistics? Chapter 1 - Final Test Bank | Statistics for Human Service Evaluation 1e by York by Reginald O. York. DOCX document preview.
Chapter 1: Why Do We Use Statistics?
Test Bank
Multiple Choice
1. Descriptive research can be summarized as:
a. study that describes a specific social phenomenon or attributes
b. study that shows the characteristics of relationship between variables
c. study that predicts relationships
d. study that establishes association
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Some Examples of Types of Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Practical significance indicates whether:
a. statistical significance exists or not
b. the study findings can be generalized to the study population
c. the results could be explained by chance alone
d. the study findings are clinically noteworthy
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Practical Significance and Statistical Significance & on Page 8
Difficulty Level: Easy
3. Professional social workers use explanatory research when they:
a. want to study relatively unknown phenomenon
b. wish to study one group’s views on a topic
c. study self-contained social groups
d. seek to explain social phenomena by examining the relationship between two or more variables
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Some Examples of Types of Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Evaluative research can be described as research that:
a. explores unknown areas of social phenomenon
b. evaluates the funding source of a service or set of services and programs
c. is also a form of descriptive research
d. uses statistics to evaluate the impact of a chosen treatment on a sample of clients and make inferences about the population from which the sample was chosen
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Some Examples of Types of Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
5. One of the following is not a key factor to consider before beginning your data analysis:
a. the level of measurement of the variables
b. the nature of data (related or independent)
c. funding source
d. study design
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: The Structure of Our Data
Difficulty Level: Medium
6. A p value that is less than 0.05 for a study in social science does not mean which of the following:
a. the findings of the study would be expected to occur by chance less than 5 times in 100.
b. statistical significance has been achieved according to the normally accepted standard for the validity of your findings in the social sciences
c. the data support the hypothesis
d. statistical significance has not been achieved
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Hard
7. The important factors to consider in data analysis are:
a. research question and the structure of data
b. statistical test
c. research question, the structure of data, statistical test, and the use of computer
d. use of relevant computer applications for statistical analysis
Learning Objective: Preparing to conduct data analysis
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What You Will Find in the Rest of this Chapter
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. The difference between “Inferential Statistics” and “Descriptive Statistics” is:
a. inferential statistics are used to test an explanatory or evaluative hypothesis, whereas a descriptive statistic may be used to describe or summarize the distribution of a single variable
b. descriptive statistics are used to examine associations and patterns, whereas inferential statistic may be used to describe or summarize the distribution of a single variable
c. inferential statistic can be used only to describe or summarize the distribution of multiple variables
d. descriptive statistics can be used only to evaluate the impact of a program on the client population
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Difficulty Level: Medium
9. Please select the important factors to consider in data analysis:
a. research question
b. sample size
c. research question, the structure of data, statistical test, and the use of computer
d. use of relevant computer applications for statistical analysis
Learning Objective: Preparing to conduct data analysis
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What You Will Find in the Rest of this Chapter
Difficulty Level: Medium
10. When you use CESD’s Depression scale as a tool of measurement, the variable you are measuring is:
a. grief
b. well-being
c. depression
d. low identity
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of concepts, variables, and measurement definition
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Variables
Difficulty Level: Medium
11. Explanatory research is close to:
a. descriptive research
b. exploratory research
c. evaluative research
d. survey research
Learning Objective: To differentiate between different types of research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Some Examples of Types of Research
Difficulty Level: Medium
12. When you have two measurements—one before the treatment and one after the treatment and have a comparison group, it helps in:
a. controlling the effect size
b. reducing the cost of the study
c. eliminating the role of chance
d. using a limited number of variables
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of baseline and comparison groups in evaluating the impact of a treatment/service/program
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Why We Use Statistics
Difficulty Level: Hard
13. Research question and the structure of data are:
a. important factors in the description of variables
b. important factors in data analysis
c. important factors only in qualitative data analysis
d. important factors only when you use the computer for data analysis
Learning Objective: Preparing to conduct data analysis
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What You Will Find in the Rest of this Chapter
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. When you have a hypothesis that states the relationship between self-efficacy and self-esteem, the variables of the study are:
a. self-efficacy and Relationship
b. well-being and Self-esteem
c. self-satisfaction and Relationship
d. self-esteem and Self-efficacy
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of concepts, variables, and measurement definition
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Variables
Difficulty Level: Easy
15. Evaluative research is a form of:
a. descriptive research
b. explanatory research
c. exploratory research
c. qualitative research
Learning Objective: To differentiate between different types of research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Some Examples of Types of Research
Difficulty Level: Easy
16. When we know an already known factor such as a national proportion, this can be used as:
a. a sample
b. the threshold fraction
c. a statistical significance measure
d. a tool for description
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of a baseline data and the relevance of a known threshold as a substitution
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Data Analysis with an Excel File
Difficulty Level: Hard
True/False
1. Establishing statistical significance is important to determine whether the results of the study occurred due to chance or not.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Basic Concepts We Need to Know
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. The concept of statistical significance is simply the estimation and description of the variables.
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Statistical Significance
Difficulty Level: Hard
3. Statistical significance can be established to eliminate the role of chance by having two measurements—one before the treatment and one after the treatment and have a comparison group.
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of baseline and comparison groups in evaluating the impact of a treatment/service/program
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Why We Use Statistics
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. The difference between a “sample” and the “population” is that the sample consists of those whose responses constitute the data and the population includes the sample.
Learning Objective: To understand the difference between the sample and the population and thus understand the role of inferential statistics
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Difficulty Level: Easy
5. The Excel file described in this chapter uses a regional proportion as the threshold fraction for comparison.
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of a baseline data and the relevance of a known threshold as a substitution
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Data Analysis with an Excel File
Difficulty Level: Hard
6. Hypotheses do not state the relationship between the variables pertaining to your research question.
Learning Objective: To understand the role of hypotheses in research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What You Will Learn from this Book
Difficulty Level: Easy
7. Explanatory and evaluative research hypotheses differ from other forms of hypotheses because these hypotheses examine client progress as a consequence of the intervention.
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of evaluation in the practice of therapeutic interventions and being accountable professionals
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: What You Will Learn from this Book
Difficulty Level: Medium
8. Statistics can be useful only in evaluative research.
Learning Objective: To understand the broader use and implications of statistical techniques in human services
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using Statistics to Describe Clients
Difficulty Level: Easy
9. Practical significance focuses on the statistical test to be used.
Learning Objective: To understand the preliminary factors pertaining to when and how practical significance can be assumed
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Practical Significance
Difficulty Level: Easy
10. Human service professionals prefer to do study with populations rather than sample.
Learning Objective: To understand the difference between the sample and the population and thus understand the role of inferential statistics
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Difficulty Level: Easy
11. Hypotheses state the relationship between the variables pertaining to your research question.
Learning Objective: To understand the role of hypotheses in research
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What You Will Learn from this Book
Difficulty Level: Easy
12. Descriptive studies cannot be conducted without hypothesis.
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of evaluation in the practice of therapeutic interventions and being accountable professionals
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: What You Will Learn from this Book
Difficulty Level: Easy
13. Descriptive research relies do not rely on inferential statistics to analyze the data.
Learning Objective: To understand the broader use and implications of statistical techniques in human services
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Using Statistics to Describe Clients
Difficulty Level: Medium
14. Magnitude as a concept related to practical significance focuses on factors such as resources expended to achieve the result.
Learning Objective: To understand the preliminary factors pertaining to when and how practical significance can be assumed
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Practical Significance
Difficulty Level: Easy
Short Answer
1. Why do we use inferential statistics when we are testing a hypothesis in evaluative research?
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Inferential Statistics and Descriptive Statistics
Difficulty Level: Medium
2. Why do human service professionals need to engage in evaluative research?
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of baseline and comparison groups in evaluating the impact of a treatment/service/program
Cognitive Domain: Application
Answer Location: Why We Use Statistics
Difficulty Level: Medium
3. Data analysis is a methodical process. Explain the reasons.
Learning Objective: Preparing to conduct data analysis
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: What You Will Find in the Rest of this Chapter
Difficulty Level: Medium
4. Study variables need to vary. Please explain.
Learning Objective: To understand the importance of concepts, variables, and measurement definition
Cognitive Domain: Knowledge
Answer Location: Variables
Difficulty Level: Medium
Essay
1. Why is it important to choose a representative sample for our study?
Learning Objective: To understand the difference between the sample and the population and thus understand the role of inferential statistics
Cognitive Domain: Comprehension
Answer Location: Descriptive and Inferential Statistics
Difficulty Level: Medium
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Final Test Bank | Statistics for Human Service Evaluation 1e by York
By Reginald O. York